3-4 Practice and Review

Chemistry I: 3-4 Practice and Review Name______

Changes in the Nucleus Period______Date______

1. Nuclear reactions change the composition of an atom’s ______. 2. The attractive force that overcomes the electric repulsion between protons is the ______force. 3. Almost all the atoms you encounter have ______nuclei. 4. All nuclei with atomic numbers greater than 83 are ______. 5. Alpha, beta and gamma radiation are distinguished by their charge, ______, and penetrating power. 6. When an atom emits alpha, beta or gamma radiation, it is undergoing ______decay.

Answer each of the following in the space provided:

7. Why is carbon dating not useful for artifacts made entirely of metal? ______

8. Compare the penetrating power of alpha, beta and gamma radiation: ______

9. Why do nuclei need neutrons to be stable? ______

10. List 2 types of nuclear reactions other than radioactive decay: ______

11. In any radioactive decay, the sum of the mass numbers and atomic numbers must be ______before and after the reaction.

a) greater b) the same c) less d) unpredictable

12. The most dangerous form of radiation to the human body is

a) beta radiation b) gamma radiation c) alpha radiation d) They are equally dangerous

13. To be stable, atoms with more than 20 protons need increasingly more

a) neutrons than protons c) electrons than neutrons b) electrons than protons d) protons than neutrons

14. The sun produces energy by means of

a) gamma radiation b) beta decay c) alpha decay d) nuclear fusion 226 222 15. 88Ra 86 Rn + ______

14 14 16. 6C 7 N + ______

274 12 17. __ Al + __ He 6 C + ______

Write a nuclear equation for the following reactions:

18. alpha decay of polonium-210 ______

3 19. beta decay of tritium ( 1H ) ______

20. alpha decay of thorium-230 ______

231 21. alpha decay of 91Pa ______

22. What particle bombards Beryllium-9 if it forms carbon-12 and neutrons? Write the equation:

______

165 23. beta decay of 61Pm ______

24. What isotope is bombarded with alpha particles to produce oxygen-17 and hydrogen-1? Write the

equation:

______

146 25. alpha decay of 62Sm ______

198 26. beta decay of 85At ______

27. Write the equation of the bombardment of boron-10 with neutrons to produce Li-7 and another particle.

______

152 28. beta decay of 54 Xe ______