Supplementary Information

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

Table S1. The full results for linear mixed effects model for Acropora yongei, Isopora cuneata, Seriatopora hystrix, Stylophora pistillata, Porites heronensis and Pocillopora damicornis comparing each coral species and each season. The species, intercept, value, standard error (Std. Error), degrees of freedom (DF), t value and p value are given. Bold p values indicated a significant value (p<0.05).

Species Intercept Value Std. Error DF t value p value A. yongei summer Intercept 3.591662 0.2144154 479 16.750948 0 A. yongei winter A. yongei summer -1.432469 0.3033461 34 -4.722228 0.000 I. cuneata summer A. yongei summer -1.708691 0.3038845 34 -5.622831 0.000 I cuneata winter A. yongei summer -2.352648 0.3816422 34 -6.164538 0.000 S. hystrix summer A. yongei summer -1.826037 0.3021873 34 -6.042732 0.000 S. hystrix winter A. yongei summer -2.076847 0.3021873 34 -6.872714 0.000 S pistillata summer A. yongei summer -1.930203 0.3021873 34 -6.387441 0.000 S. pistillata winter A. yongei summer -2.340736 0.2762076 34 -8.474553 0.000 P. heronensis summer A. yongei summer -1.794787 0.3021873 34 -5.939319 0.000 P. heronensis winter A. yongei summer -3.114473 0.3389761 34 -9.187884 0.000 P. damicornis summer A. yongei summer -2.411106 0.3262385 34 -7.390625 0.000 P. damiconis winter A. yongei summer -2.881708 0.3021873 34 -9.536166 0.000 A. yongei winter Intercept 2.1591926 0.2145806 479 10.062383 0 I. cuneata summer A. yongei winter -0.276222 -3.286822 34 -0.908622 0.3699 I. cuneata winter A. yongei winter 0.9201788 0.381735 34 -2.410517 0.0215 S. hystrix summer A. yongei winter 0.3935676 0.302304 34 -1.301891 0.2017 S. hystrix winter A. yongei winter 0.6443778 0.3023045 34 -2.131552 0.0404 S pistillata summer A. yongei winter 0.4977343 0.3023045 34 -1.646466 0.1089 S. pistillata winter A. yongei winter 0.9082671 0.2763359 34 -3.286822 0.0024 P. heronensis summer A. yongei winter 0.3623176 0.3023045 34 -1.198519 0.239 P. heronensis winter A. yongei winter 1.6820041 0.3390806 34 -4.960484 0.000 P. damicornis summer A. yongei winter 0.9786371 0.3263471 34 -2.998761 0.005 P. damiconis winter A. yongei winter 1.4492389 0.3023045 34 -4.79397 0.000 I. cuneata summer Intercept 1.8829706 0.2153412 479 8.744128 0 I cuneata winter I. cuneata summer 0.6439568 0.3821631 34 -1.685032 0.1011 S. hystrix summer I. cuneata summer 0.1173456 0.3028448 34 -0.387478 0.7008 S. hystrix winter I. cuneata summer 0.3681558 0.3028448 34 -1.215658 0.2325 S pistillata summer I. cuneata summer 0.2215123 0.3028448 34 -0.731438 0.4695 S. pistillata winter I. cuneata summer 0.6320451 0.2769269 34 -2.282354 0.0288 P. heronensis summer I. cuneata summer 0.0860956 0.3028448 34 -0.28429 0.7779 P. heronensis winter I. cuneata summer -1.405782 0.3395624 34 -4.139981 0.0002 P. damicornis summer I. cuneata summer 0.7024151 0.3268477 34 -2.14906 0.0388 P. damicornis winter I. cuneata summer 1.1730169 0.3028448 34 -3.873326 0.0005 I cuneata winter Intercept 1.2390138 0.3157163 479 3.924453 0.0001 S. hystrix summer I cuneata winter 0.5266112 0.380814 34 1.382854 0.1757 S. hystrix winter I cuneata winter 0.275801 0.3808149 34 0.724239 0.4739 S pistillata summer I cuneata winter 0.4224445 0.3808149 34 1.109317 0.2751 S. pistillata winter I cuneata winter 0.0119118 0.3605461 34 0.033038 0.9738 P. heronensis summer I cuneata winter 0.5578612 0.3808149 34 1.464914 0.1521

1 P. heronensis winter I cuneata winter 0.7618252 0.4106186 34 -1.855311 0.0722 P. damicornis summer I cuneata winter 0.0584582 0.4001679 34 -0.146084 0.8847 P. damiconis winter I cuneata winter 0.5290601 0.3808149 34 -1.389284 0.1738 S. hystrix summer Intercept 1.765625 0.2129394 479 8.291679 0 S. hystrix winter S. hystrix summer 0.2508102 0.3011418 34 -0.832864 0.4107 S. pistillata summer S. hystrix summer 0.5146994 0.3011418 34 -0.345906 0.7315 S. pistillata winter S. hystrix summer 0.5146994 0.2750634 34 -1.871203 0.0699 P. heronensis summer S. hystrix summer 0.03125 0.3011418 34 0.103772 0.918 P. heronensis winter S. hystrix summer 1.2884364 0.3380444 34 -3.811442 0.0006 P. damicornis summer S. hystrix summer 0.5850694 0.3252703 34 -1.798718 0.0809 P. damicornis winter S. hystrix summer 1.0556713 0.3011418 34 -3.505563 0.0013 S. hystrix winter Intercept 1.5148148 0.2129394 479 7.113831 0 S. pistillata summer S. hystrix winter 0.1466435 0.3011418 34 0.486958 0.6294 S. pistillata winter S. hystrix winter 0.2638893 0.2750634 34 -0.959376 0.3441 P. heronensis summer S. hystrix winter 0.2820602 0.3011418 34 0.936636 0.3556 P. heronensis winter S. hystrix winter 1.0376263 0.3380444 34 -3.069497 0.0042 P. damicornis summer S. hystrix winter 0.3342593 0.3252703 34 -1.027635 0.3114 P. damicornis winter S. hystrix winter 0.8048611 0.3011418 34 -2.672698 0.0115 S. pistillata summer Intercept 1.6614583 0.2129394 479 7.802494 0 S. pistillata winter S. pistillata summer 0.4105328 0.2750634 34 -1.492502 0.1448 P. heronensis summer S. pistillata summer 0.1354167 0.3011418 34 0.449677 0.6558 P. heronensis winter S. pistillata summer 1.1842698 0.3380444 34 -3.503297 0.0013 P. damicornis summer S. pistillata summer 0.4809028 0.3252703 34 -1.478471 0.1485 P. damicornis winter S. pistillata summer 0.9515046 0.3011418 34 -3.159657 0.0033 S. pistillata winter Intercept 1.2509256 0.1741169 479 7.184402 0 P. heronensis summer S. pistillata winter 0.5459494 0.2750634 34 1.984813 0.0553 P. heronensis winter S. pistillata winter -0.773737 0.3150357 34 -2.456029 0.0193 P. damicornis summer S. pistillata winter -0.07037 0.3012877 34 -0.233564 0.8167 P. damicornis winter S. pistillata winter 0.5409719 0.2750634 34 -1.966717 0.0574 P. heronensis summer Intercept 1.796875 0.2129394 479 8.438434 0 P. heronensis winter P. heronensis summer 1.3196864 0.3380444 34 -3.903885 0.0004 P. damicornis summer P. heronensis summer 0.6163194 0.3252703 34 -1.894792 0.0667 P. damicornis winter P. heronensis summer 1.0869213 0.3011418 34 -3.609334 0.001 P. heronensis winter Intercept 0.4771886 0.2625468 479 1.817537 0.0698 P. damicornis summer P. heronensis winter 0.703367 0.359706 34 1.955394 0.0588 P. damicornis winter P. heronensis winter 0.2327651 0.3380444 34 0.688564 0.4958 P. damicornis summer Intercept 1.1805556 0.2458812 479 4.801325 0 P. damicornis winter P. damicornis summer 0.4706019 0.3252703 34 1.446803 0.1571

2 Table S2. Metadata for Acropora, Pocillopora and Porites to determine genus annual linear extension rate (mm yr-1). If a range was given, the average value was utilized. GBR=Great Barrier Reef.

Annual Coral Species Location Latitude extension Reference (mm yr-1) Acropora austera Maldives 18 63.0 Morgan and Kench 2012 Acropora cervicornis Florida 24 109.5 Shinn 1966 A. cervicornis Jamaica 18 141.0 Tunnicliffe 1983 A. cervicornis Jamaica 18 102.0 Crabbe 2009 A. cervicornis Jamaica 18 110.0 Lewis et al. 1968 A. cervicornis US Virgin Is 17 100.0 Gladfelter 1984 A. cervicornis US Virgin Is 17 71.0 Gladfelter et al. 1978 A. cervicornis Barbados 13 145.0 Glynn 1973 Acropora digitifera Maldives 18 38.0 Morgan and Kench 2012 Acropora elseyi Lizard Island, GBR -15 38.0 Oliver 1985 Acropora florida Lizard Island, GBR -15 45.0 Oliver 1985 Acropora formosa Maldives 18 59.0 Morgan and Kench 2012 A. formosa Guam 12 33.0 Neudecker 1981 Charuchinda and Hylleberg A. formosa Phuket, Thailand 8 80.0 1984 Jinendradasa and Ekarame A. formosa Sri Lanka 7 118.5 2000 A. formosa Middle Reef, GBR -13 63.0 Brown 2012 A. formosa Lizard Island, GBR -15 71.0 Oliver 1985 A. formosa Davies Reef, GBR -19 80.0 Oliver et al. 1983 A. formosa Dampier Archipelago -21 118.5 Simpson 1988 Acropora gemmifera Maldives 18 24.0 Morgan and Kench 2012 Acropora lamarcki Maldives 18 32.0 Morgan and Kench 2012 Acropora nasuta Maldives 18 5.0 Morgan and Kench 2012 Acropora nobilis Lizard Island, GBR -15 41.0 Oliver 1985 Acropora palmata Jamaica 18 71.0 Crabbe 2009 A. palmata US Virgin Is 17 64.5 Gladfelter et al. 1978 A. palmata Curacao 12 88.0 Bak 1983 A. palmata Curacao 12 82.0 Bak et al. 2009 A. palmata Curacao 12 90.0 Bak 1976 Acropora prolifera US Virgin Is 17 59.0 Gladfelter et al. 1978 Acropora pulchra Philippines 10 119.0 Yap and Gomez 1985 A. pulchra Yap 9 136.5 Tamura and Hada 1932 Acropora robusta Lizard Island, GBR -15 55.0 Oliver 1985 Acropora valenciennesi Sulawesi, Indonesia 6 202.0 Crabbe and Smith 2005 Acropora genus 80.4 ± 7.2 Pocillopora damicornis Hawaii 20 13.5 Edmondson 1929 P. damicornis Hawaii 20 13.5 Maragos 1972 P. damicornis Guam 12 30.0 Neudecker 1981 P. damicornis Costa Rica 11 52.5 Jimenez and Cortes 2003 P. damicornis Panama 9 42.0 Glynn and Steward 1973

3 P. damicornis Costa Rica 8 35.0 Guzman and Cortes 1989 P. damicornis Panama 8 54.0 Wellington 1982 P. damicornis Panama 8 37.0 Glynn 1976 P. damicornis Panama 8 28.0 Manzello 2010 P. damicornis Galapagos 1 22.0 Glynn et al. 1979 P. damicornis Lizard Island, GBR -15 37.0 Oliver 1985 Stephenson and Stephenson P. damicornis Low Island, GBR -17 33.5 1933 P. damicornis Palm Island, GBR -19 43.0 Oliver 1985 P. damicornis Dampier Archipelago -21 45.0 Simpson 1988 Pocillopora elegans Costa Rica 11 46.5 Jimenez and Cortes 2003 P. elegans Costa Rica 8 35.0 Guzman and Cortes 1989 P. elegans Panama 8 27.0 Manzello 2010 Pocillopora eydouxi Enewotak Atoll 11 50.0 Buddemeier et al. 1974 P.eydouxi Costa Rica 11 31.0 Jimenez and Cortes 2003 Pocillopora inflata Costa Rica 11 32.0 Jimenez and Cortes 2003 Pocillopora meandrina Costa Rica 11 39.5 Jimenez and Cortes 2003 Pocillopora genus 35.6 ± 2.4 Porites sp. Hawaii 20 9.0 Edmondson 1929 Porites sp. Sulawesi, Indonesia -6 10.0 Maier et al. 2004 Porites sp. GBR -12 to -23 14 De 'ath et al. 2009 Porites sp. Northern GBR -13 to -17 14.0 Cooper et al. 2008 Porites sp. Central GBR -18 11.5 Barnes and Lough 1993 Porites sp. GBR -12 to -22 13 Lough and Barnes 2000 Porites (branching) Yap 9 9.0 Tamura and Hada 1932 Porites astreoides Bermuda 32 2.0 Logan and Tomascik 1991 P. astreoides Florida 24 4.0 Kissling 1977 P. astreoides Mexico 20 30.0 Crook et al. 2013 P. astreoides Jamaica 18 8.0 Hughes and Jackson 1985 P. astreoides Jamaica 18 4.0 Crabbe 2009 P. astreoides Jamaica 18 5.0 Huston 1985 P. astreoides US Virgin Is 18 3.5 Gladfelter et al. 1978 P. astreoides US Virgin Is 18 3.0 Hubbard and Scaturo 1985 P. astreoides Barbados 13 6.5 Strean et al. 1977 P. astreoides Panama 9 5.0 Guzman et al. 1991 Porites compressa Hawaii 20 10.5 Edmondson 1929 Porites cylindrica Maldives 18 7.0 Morgan and Kench 2012 P. cylindrica Guam 12 25.0 Neudecker 1981 Porites lobata Hawaiiian Archipelago 20 13.0 Griggs 1982 P. lobata Red Sea 29 7.0 Klein and Loya 1991 P. lobata Maldives 18 15.0 Morgan and Kench 2012 P. lobata Enewotak Atoll 11 9.0 Buddemeier et al. 1974 P. lobata Philippines 10 13.0 Patzold 1984 P. lobata Costa Rica 8 15.0 Guzman and Cortes 1989 P. lobata Java -7 14.0 Edinger et al. 2000 P. lobata American Samoa -14 10.0 Smith et al. 2007

4 P. lobata Rib Reef -18 13.5 Barnes and Lough 1989 P. lobata Wheeler Reef -19 19.0 Alibert and McCulloch 1997 P. lobata Davies Reef -19 8.0 Alibert and McCulloch 1997 Porites lutea Red Sea 30 15.0 Al-Rousan et al. 2002 P. lutea Enewotak Atoll 11 14.0 Buddemeier et al. 1974 P. lutea Enewotak Atoll 11 8.0 Highsmith 1979 P. lutea Eniwetok Atoll 11 14.0 Knutson et al. 1972 P. lutea Thailand 8 12.5 Alibert and McCulloch 1997 P. lutea Thailand 8 18.5 Scoffin et al. 1992 P. lutea Thailand 8 17.0 Tanzil et al. 2009 P. lutea Sulawesi 6 9.5 Crabbe and Smith 2005 P. lutea French Polynesia -18 10.0 Bessat and Buigues 2001 P. lutea Davies Reef , GBR -19 15.0 Alibert and McCulloch 1997 P. lutea Ningaloo Reef, WA -22 14.0 Muller et al. 2004 Porites mayeri Davies Reef, GBR -19 13.0 Alibert and McCulloch 1997 Porites porites Jamaica 18 13.0 Davies 1989 Porites genus 11.4 ± 0.9

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