WWI, WWII, Cold War Study Guide
TEST Thursday, October 1st
1. WWI was from the year _1914 to _1918_.
2. The event that “sparked” WWI was assassination of Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand .
3. The causes leading up to WWI were: (define and give an example of each)
M=Militarism—build-up of strong armies and navies; European countries placed military strategically all over the world to protect their colonies and empires
A=Alliances---formal agreement between countries to protect and defend one another; European countries began forming alliances prior to WWI in case of attack
I=Imperialism—the policy of obtaining and occupying colonies to form and empire; Great Britain and France had 2 of the largest empires prior to WWI
N=Nationalism—fierce pride in one’s country; each countries citizens believed they were the best nation
4. The Allied Powers were Russia_, _France_, __Great Britain_, _US.
5. The Central Powers were _Germany_, _Austria-Hungry, _Italy, Ottoman Empire_.
6. Which country took the first military action? ____Germany_.
7. Which country left the war in 1917?____Russia______.
8. Before 1917 Russia had a _____czar__ (king) as ruler.
9. The last czar of Russia was ____Nicholas II___.
10. The Russian people were rioting in the street because they were dying from ___starvation___.
11. Russian soldiers were suffering from lack of _shoes_, __weapons__, WWI, WWII, Cold War Study Guide and __clothing__.
12. __Millions_ (how many) of Russians died.
13. After 2 rebellions and revolutions, ___Vladimir Lenin__ took over the country.
14. Nicholas II and his family were __executed___.
15. Lenin set up a __communist_ government.
16. Lenin signed a ____peace treaty___ with Germany and Russia left the war.
17. As a part of the treaty, Russia had to give Germany __land good for farming and full of resources
18. Lenin renamed Russia the Soviet Union.
19. The United States entered the war because of the __Zimmerman telegraph_ and the sinking of the Lusitania
POST WWI
20. The terms of the Treaty of Versailles:
1) __Germany__ had to accept full blame.
2) __Germany____ had to pay __repairations_ for losses and damage they had suffered.
3) __Germany_ had to give up __one million square miles of land____ that was rich in natural resources.
4) ___Germany_____ had to limit its ___military___.
5) Germany ___ could not unite anymore with Austria_. WWI, WWII, Cold War Study Guide
21. How did Germans feel about the Treaty of Versailles?
Resented the military restrictions and unable to protect itself, protested because their own economic situation became much worse, felt isolated from other countries and felt distrusted
22. The Treaty of Versailles created the League of Nations_ that vowed to work together to ensure that a world war would never occur again.
23. Following WWI, the world suffered from worldwide depression_.
24. Which political party became popular in Germany after WWI? _Nazis__.
25. Adolf __Hitler gave powerful speeches and wrote Mein Kampf where he expressed his idea that Germans were the “master race.”
26. The Nazis supported a strong central government controlled by the military and run by a dictator: fascism_.
27. The Nazis adopted the racist views of Hitler against __Jews_,
Slavs__, _gypsies__, and blacks__.
28. The Nazis blamed the ___Jews__ for Germany’s problems.
29. Hitler came to power in 1933 through an election, but he destroyed the
_democratic___ government and became a ___dictator__.
WWII
30. WWII was from _1939__ to _1945_.
31. WWII began when _Germany_ attacked _Poland_.
32. The Axis Powers led by strong dictatorships were _Germany____,
__Italy___ and ___Japan__.
33. The Allied Powers were _Great Britain__, ___France______, WWI, WWII, Cold War Study Guide
___US____, and ___the Soviet Union__.
34. During WWII, the ___Holocaust____ describes the gathering of Jewish people into concentration camps where many were
_killed__. Hilter’s goal was to get rid of all of them.
35. More than 6 million (how many) Jews were killed.
36. Following WWII, the State of __Isreal _ was founded in 1948 as a homeland for Jews.
37. The United States entered the war after the _bombing of Pearl Harbor__.
38. The war ended in 1945, when both _Germany____ and ___Japan__ surrendered.
39. The _Allies__ helped rebuild Europe.
POST WWII-COLD WAR
40. The two superpowers after WWII were the ___United States___ and the ___Soviet Union_____.
41. Both distrusted one another because they had different _political___
_ideas___.
42. Both started __stock piling ___ __weapons__ in case of war.
43. This period of tension is called the __Cold___ __War___.
44. A part of this time was the space___ race.
45. People of the Soviet Union could not ____leave___. Churchill called this invisible dividing line between democratic Europe and communist Europe the Iron Curtain The city of Berlin__ was split by a wall. WWI, WWII, Cold War Study Guide
END OF THE COLD WAR
46. The communist countries had barely enough food___ and __goods__.
47. In 1985 Mikhail __Gorbachev__ came to power. He did not send troops to stop protests in Eastern European countries as they began to break away from the Soviet Union.
48. In 1989 the people of Germany began to tear down the Berlin Wall___.
49. In 1990 Germany was reunited_.
50. In 1991 the _Soviet__ __Union____ came to an end as it officially split into 15 republics. It became called Russia once again.