Indicate Whether the Statement Is True Or False s2

Chapter 2 Review

True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

____ 1. Although clock speed has a direct effect on overall system performance, it is not the only contributing factor.

____ 2. The true measure of processor performance is the amount of time it takes to execute an instruction.

____ 3. Faster clock speeds generate more heat in a system and require larger cooling systems.

____ 4. L1 cache is stored on the same chip as the microprocessor.

____ 5. VRAM is typically stored directly on the motherboard.

____ 6. Data stored on magnetic media could last over 100 years.

____ 7. Compared to other types of secondary storage, flash memory can be accessed more quickly, consumes less power, and is smaller in size.

____ 8. Of all the computer components, I/O devices have the most direct impact on a users computing experience.

____ 9. The first consideration when selecting a display is typically size.

____ 10. Active-matrix displays are typically dimmer, slower, but less expensive than passive-matrix displays.

____ 11. Passive-matrix displays are bright, clear, and have wider viewing angles than active-matrix displays.

____ 12. A printer with a 300 dot-per-inch (dpi) resolution prints more clearly than one with a 600-dpi resolution.

____ 13. Many special-purpose input devices are designed to support scientific and medical research.

____ 14. It is very unusual to find six or more USB ports on a new computer.

____ 15. FireWire comes standard on Apple computers.

____ 16. The binary number system uses only two values, 0 and 1, and is used by computers and digital devices to represent and process data.

____ 17. A group of integrated circuits that work together to perform the processing in a computer system is called the motherboard.

____ 18. The latest technique in chip design is referred to as cellcore technology and refers to housing more than one processor on a chip.

____ 19. Coprocessors speed processing by linking several microprocessors to operate at the same time. ____ 20. A new technique called parallel computing allows processors from different computers to work together over a network on complex problems.

____ 21. Massively parallel processing, used in supercomputers, involves using hundreds or thousands of processors operating together.

____ 22. RAM exists as a set of chips grouped together on a circuit board called a single in-line memory module, or SIMM.

____ 23. Most of today’s PCs come equipped with 128 MB of VRAM.

____ 24. Storage capacity refers to the objects that hold data.

____ 25. High-capacity diskettes, such as the Iomega Zip disk, and the Imation Superdisk allow you to store up to 83 times as much data as on a standard floppy disk in about the same amount of space and cost a bit more than floppy disks.

Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.

____ 26. Computers use digital switches not only to store bits and bytes, but also to process them. ______

____ 27. The microprocessor, invented in 1947 at Bell Labs, has become the key ingredient of all digital circuits, including those used in computers. ______

____ 28. Data flows back and forth between the CPU and RAM across the system bus. ______

____ 29. One form of multiprocessing involves the use of coprocessors. ______

____ 30. Processing has been defined as the ability to maintain data within the system temporarily or permanently. ______

____ 31. A Pentium processor typically has a(n) 1024 KB L1 cache. ______

____ 32. A(n) cache controller makes “intelligent guesses” as to what program instructions and data will be needed next and stores them in the nearby cache for quick retrieval. ______

____ 33. The smaller the cache, the faster the processing. ______

____ 34. RAM provides permanent storage for data and instructions that do not change. ______

____ 35. Many of today’s computers use a flash BIOS, which means that the BIOS has been recorded on a(n) ROM chip. ______

____ 36. The BIOS stores information about your hardware configuration along with the boot program. ______37. Read-only memory provides semipermanent storage for system configuration information that may change. ______

____ 38. A(n) flash memory card is a chip that is nonvolatile and keeps its memory when the power is shut off. ______

____ 39. DVDs are the only disk with the capacity to store an entire digitized motion picture. ______

____ 40. A(n) output device allows us to observe the results of computer processing. ______

Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 41. A ____ is an agreed-upon way of doing something within an industry. a. standard c. byte b. megapixel d. stylus ____ 42. A ____ is one of many tiny dots that make up a picture in the computer’s memory. a. bit c. bitmap b. pixel d. byte ____ 43. At work, ____ can be used to combine voice, video, and text communications and information on a single network. a. digital convergence c. ADC b. flash memory d. integrated circuits ____ 44. ____ is the act of manipulating data in a manner defined by programmed instructions. a. Input c. Storage b. Output d. Processing ____ 45. In the late 1950s, Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor developed a method to integrate multiple transistors into a single module called a(n) ____. a. capacitor c. central processing unit b. integrated circuit d. switch ____ 46. The group of integrated circuits that work together to perform the processing in a computer system is called the ____. a. central processing unit c. motherboard b. microprocessor d. transistor ____ 47. A processor is engineered to carry out a specific and finite amount of instructions called its ____. a. instruction set c. program instructions b. program code d. wordlength ____ 48. The ____ contains the circuitry to carry out instructions such as mathematical calculations and logical comparisons. a. control unit c. transistor b. capacitor d. arithmetic/logic unit ____ 49. ____ hold(s) the bytes that are currently being processed. a. Cache memory c. Flash memory cards b. Registers d. CMOS memory ____ 50. The ____ sequentially accesses program instructions, decodes them, and coordinates the flow of data in and out of the ALU, the registers, random access memory, and other system components. a. control unit c. system bus b. microprocessor d. capacitor ____ 51. A CPU consists of three primary elements: the arithmetic/logic unit, the control unit, and ____. a. integrated circuits c. transistors b. registers d. kiosks ____ 52. The ____ is made up of the instruction phase and the execution phase. a. machine cycle c. transistor b. integrated circuit d. stylus ____ 53. Which of the following statements about processors is correct? a. The smaller the word length, the more powerful the computer. b. Clock speed is measured in thousands of cycles per second. c. The true measure of processor performance is clock speed. d. The larger the wordlength, the more powerful the computer. ____ 54. The true measure of processor performance is the amount of time it takes to execute an instruction. This measure is called ____. a. MBs c. gigahertz b. wordlength d. MIPS ____ 55. Today’s personal computers carry out billions of instructions per second, or operate in the ____ range. a. megahertz c. megaflop b. gigahertz d. gigaflop ____ 56. ____ are special-purpose processors that speed processing by executing specific types of instructions, while the CPU works on another processing activity. a. Earth simulators c. Parallel processing b. Coprocessors d. Massively parallel processing ____ 57. ____ is one of the cofounders of Intel. a. Gordon Moore c. Debbie Mukherjee b. Charles Bailey d. Michael Powell ____ 58. ____ is a type of high-speed memory that a processor can access more rapidly than RAM. a. Read only memory c. BEDO-RAM b. SDRAM d. Cache memory ____ 59. ____ acts as a buffer between the microprocessor and the display. a. DRAM c. SDRAM b. VRAM d. EDO-RAM ____ 60. RAM exists as a set of chips grouped together on a circuit board called a(n) ____. a. SIMM c. stylus b. MIPS d. integrated circuit ____ 61. ____ is a measure of the number of pixels on the screen. a. Optical mark recognition c. Display resolution b. Optical character recognition d. CRT ____ 62. ____ is intended to store data permanently, but can be updated with new revisions when they become available. a. Flash memory c. Cache memory b. RAM d. ROM ____ 63. Handheld computers make extensive use of ____, not only to store the BIOS, but also to store the operating system and applications that are included with the device. a. flash memory c. RAM b. ROM d. cache memory ____ 64. In ____, the combination of circuit states is fixed, and therefore the data represented by this combination will not be lost if the power is removed. a. RAM c. VRAM b. cache memory d. ROM ____ 65. When discussing secondary storage, ____ refers to the objects that hold the data. a. storage capacity c. stylus b. storage media d. kiosk ____ 66. Which of the following is an example of a sequential access storage medium? a. magnetic tape c. CD b. DVD d. removable disk cartridge ____ 67. ____ is used to indicate that a disk can be rewritten numerous times. a. R c. RWD b. RW d. RD ____ 68. Users interact with computers through ____ devices. a. I/O c. USB b. ALU d. control ____ 69. ____ can be used by security systems to allow only authorized personnel into restricted areas. a. SRAM c. A flash drive b. Voice recognition d. Graphic tablets ____ 70. A(n) ____ is a short, penlike device without ink. a. kiosk c. stylus b. trackball d. trackpoint ____ 71. ____ is the study of measurable biological characteristics. a. Character recognition c. Biometrics b. Optical mark recognition d. Parallel processing ____ 72. ____ devices are terminals with scanners that read codes on retail items and enter the item number into a computer system. a. USB c. Digital b. Analog d. Point-of-sale ____ 73. ____ is a standard used for fast video transfer from a camera to the computer. a. USB c. IEEE b. PCMCIA d. FireWire ____ 74. A petabyte equals _____. a. 10 GB c. 1,000,000 GB b. 1,000 GB d. 1,000,000,000 MB ____ 75. Large-capacity hard drives have made possible ____ such as TiVo. a. VCRs c. DVDs b. DVRs d. XVRs

Completion Complete each statement.

76. ______is the trend to merge multiple digital services into one device.

77. A(n) ______is composed of semiconducting material, typically silicon, that opens or closes a circuit to alter the flow of electricity.

78. The primary circuit board of a computing device is known as the ______.

79. The ______consists of electronic pathways between the CPU and RAM capable of transporting several bytes at once.

80. The speed at which a processor can carry out an instruction is governed by the ______.

81. The number of bits that a CPU processes at once is called its ______.

82. ______states that the continued increase in technological innovations causes transistor densities in integrated circuits to double every 18 months.

83. ______is the reason that a PC is able to maintain the correct time and date even when it is not plugged in.

84. When used in media devices such as digital cameras, camcorders, and portable MP3 players, flash memory cards are sometimes referred to as ______.

85. A(n) ______sits stationary and allows you to control the mouse pointer by rolling a mounted ball.

86. Microsoft’s ______is designed in such a way as to reduce the stress on your wrists common with traditional keyboards.

87. ______provide a lower-priced video camera for use as a computer input device.

88. ______are used for projecting presentations from your computer onto a larger screen.

89. A(n) ______uses techniques similar t o those of photocopiers to provide the highest-quality printed output.

90. ______are a type of hard-copy output device used for general design work. 91. ______automation involves automating data entry where the data is created, thus ensuring timeliness and accuracy.

92. ______devices use the magnetic properties of iron oxide particles to store bits and bytes more permanently than RAM.

93. ______media, such as CDs and DVDs, store bits by using an optical laser to burn pits into the surface of a highly reflective disk surface.

94. A(n) ______is an optical media that stores up to 700 MB of data.

95. Handheld computers and tablet PCs use a(n) ______that allows you to select items on the screen by touching them with your finger or a stylus.

96. Describe the four activities that are supported by a computer system.

97. What is the difference between an integrated circuit and the central processing unit?

98. What are the steps involved in the instruction phase of the machine cycle?

99. What is the difference between magnetic storage and optical storage?

100. Briefly describe the following computer performance factors: architecture, cache, and clock speed. Chapter 2 Review Answer Section

TRUE/FALSE

1. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 66 2. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 67 3. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 66 4. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 66 5. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 71 6. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 76 7. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 79 8. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 81 9. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 88 10. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 89 11. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 89 12. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 91 13. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 92 14. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 93 15. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 94 16. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 59 17. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 62 18. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 67 19. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 68 20. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 68 21. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 68 22. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 70 23. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 71 24. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 73 25. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 75

MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE

26. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 62 27. ANS: F, transistor

PTS: 1 REF: 62 28. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 63 29. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 68 30. ANS: F, Storage

PTS: 1 REF: 70 31. ANS: F, 512

PTS: 1 REF: 67 32. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 66 33. ANS: F, larger

PTS: 1 REF: 67 34. ANS: F Read-only memory ROM Read-only memory (ROM)

PTS: 1 REF: 72 35. ANS: F, flash memory

PTS: 1 REF: 72 36. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 72 37. ANS: F CMOS Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS)

PTS: 1 REF: 73 38. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 78 39. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 77 40. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 81

MULTIPLE CHOICE

41. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 59 42. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 85 43. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 60 44. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 63 45. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 62 46. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 62 47. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 63 48. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 63 49. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 63 50. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 63 51. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 63 52. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 64 53. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 67 54. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 67 55. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 67 56. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 68 57. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 69 58. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 66 59. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 71 60. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 70 61. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 88 62. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 72 63. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 73 64. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 72 65. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 73 66. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 75 67. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 77 68. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 81 69. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 85 70. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 84 71. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 86 72. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 87 73. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 94 74. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 73 75. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 78

COMPLETION

76. ANS: Digital convergence

PTS: 1 REF: 60 77. ANS: transistor

PTS: 1 REF: 62 78. ANS: motherboard

PTS: 1 REF: 62 79. ANS: system bus bus

PTS: 1 REF: 63 80. ANS: system clock

PTS: 1 REF: 66 81. ANS: wordlength

PTS: 1 REF: 67 82. ANS: Moore’s Law

PTS: 1 REF: 69 83. ANS: CMOS Complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor Complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS)

PTS: 1 REF: 73 84. ANS: media cards PTS: 1 REF: 78-79 85. ANS: trackball track ball

PTS: 1 REF: 84 86. ANS: ergonomic keyboard

PTS: 1 REF: 84 87. ANS: Webcams

PTS: 1 REF: 86 88. ANS: LCD projectors

PTS: 1 REF: 89 89. ANS: laser printer

PTS: 1 REF: 90 90. ANS: Plotters

PTS: 1 REF: 91 91. ANS: Source data

PTS: 1 REF: 83 92. ANS: Magnetic storage

PTS: 1 REF: 74 93. ANS: Optical storage

PTS: 1 REF: 76 94. ANS: compact disk read-only memory CD-ROM compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM) CD

PTS: 1 REF: 76 95. ANS: touch screen

PTS: 1 REF: 84

96. ANS: The four activities are:

1. Input: responsible for capturing and gathering raw data. 2. Processing: responsible for converting or changing raw data into useful outputs. 3. Storage: Maintaining data within the system a temporary or permanent basis 4. Output: Producing the results of the processing in a manner that is discernable to human senses or used as input into another system

PTS: 1 REF: 58 97. ANS: Integrated circuits, also called chips, are used to store and process bits and bytes in today’s computers. A group of integrated circuits that work together to perform the processing in a computer system is called the central processing unit (CPU).

PTS: 1 REF: 62 98. ANS: Step 1: Fetch instruction. The instruction to be executed is accessed from RAM by the control unit. The control unit stores the RAM address of the currently executing instruction. Step 2: Decode instruction. The instruction is decoded, relevant data is moved from RAM to the CPU registers, and the stored address of the current instruction is incremented to prepare for the next fetch.

PTS: 1 REF: 64 99. ANS: Magnetic storage devices use the magnetic properties of iron oxide particles to store bits and bytes more permanently than RAM. No physical storage medium can be genuinely permanent. It can be destroyed in any number of ways: fire, flood, sledge hammer. But if not abused, magnetically stored data lasts years before deteriorating.

Optical storage media, such as CDs and DVDs, store bits by using an optical laser to burn pits into the surface of a highly reflective disk surface. A pit represents a 0, and the lack of a pit represents a 1. The 1s and 0s are read from the disk surface by using a low-power laser that measures the difference in reflected light caused by the pits (or lack thereof) on the disk.

PTS: 1 REF: 74 | 76 100. ANS: Architecture: Basic design of a microprocessor; may include process technology and/or other architectural enhancements Cache: A temporary storage area for frequently accessed or recently accessed data; having certain data stored in a cache speeds up the operation of the computer. Cache size is measured in megabytes (MB) or kilobytes (KB). Clock speed: Speed of the processor’s internal clock, which dictates how fast the processor can process data; clock speed is usually measured in GHz (gigahertz, or billions of pulses per second)

PTS: 1 REF: 66