1: What Two Disciplines Had an Influence on Early Psychology?

1: What two disciplines had an influence on early psychology?

Anthropology and history Biology and medicine Philosophy and biology

2: Who founded the very first psychology laboratory?

William James Wilhelm Wundt G. Stanley Hall

3: What were the two earliest schools of thought in psychology?

Humanism and behaviorism Cognitivism and psychoanalysis Structuralism and functionalism

4: Biopsychology is:

The study of how biological processes impact the mind and behavior. The study of animal behavior. The study of human growth and development across the lifespan.

: When did psychology first emerge as a separate discipline?

In ancient times During the 17th-century In the late 1800s

6: What concept was critical to the school of thought known as psychoanalysis?

Conditioning The unconscious mind Self-efficacy

7: Which psychologist was one of the strongest advocates of behaviorism?

William James G. Stanley Hall John B. Watson

8: Students are asked to complete a survey on how much sleep they got before a big exam. Researchers then compare their test scores with how much sleep each student got before the test. The amount of sleep students reported is the:

Independent variable Dependent variable Extraneous variable

9: What type of research is needed to determine a cause-and-effect relationship between two or more variables? Correlational studies Longitudinal studies Experimental studies

10: A theory is a well-established principle that has been developed to explain some aspect of the natural world. A theory arises from repeated observation and testing and incorporates facts, laws, predictions, and tested hypotheses that are widely accepted.

True False

11: ______is a study that takes place over a period of time.

Cross-sectional research Longitudinal research Correlational research

12: A positive correlation indicates that as one variable goes up, the other variable also ______.

Goes up Goes down Stays the same

13: The first step in the scientific research method is to:

Collect data Perform statistical analysis Form a testable hypothesis

14: Out of the following correlations, which indicates the strongest relationship?

-0.95 0.23 0.79

15: The area of psychology that seeks to understand how the brain affects behavior is known as:

Cognitive psychology Biopsychology Behavioral psychology

16: Which type of neuron transmits information from the brain to the muscles of the body?

Sensory neurons Interneurons Motor neurons

17: Once an electrical impulse reaches the end of an axon, it crosses the synapse via:

Terminal buttons Neurotransmitters Dendrites

18: The endocrine system is composed of glands throughout the body that secrete: Hormones Plasma Enzymes

: Which of the following structures is NOT part of the endocrine system?

Thyroid gland Pituitary gland Appendix

20: Which area of the brain is associated with reasoning, motor skills, higher lever cognition and expressive language?

The temporal lobe The frontal lobe The occipital lobe

21: Which area of the brain connects with many other regions of the brain and is responsible for controlling hunger, thirst, emotions, body temperature regulation and circadian rhythms.

Hypothalamus Midbrain Cerebellum

22: These drugs inhibit the function of the central nervous system and are among the most widely used drugs in the world.

Stimulants Psychedelics Depressants

23: In classical conditioning, the learned response to the previously neutral stimulus is known as the:

Conditioned stimulus Conditioned response Unconditioned response

24: In operant conditioning, the removal of an unfavorable events or outcomes after the display of a behavior is known as:

Negative reinforcement Positive reinforcement Negative punishment

25: The information we are currently aware of or thinking about is known as:

Sensory memory Short-term memory Long-term memory

26: This type of memory retrieval involves reconstructing memory, often utilizing logical structures, partial memories, narratives or clues is known as:

Recall Recognition Recollection 27: Organizing information in memory into related groups is known as:

Chunking Collecting Clustering

28: This theory of forgetting suggests that some memories compete and interfere with other memories. When information is very similar to other information that was previously stored in memory, problems are more likely to occur. What is this theory called?

Decay theory Interference theory Failure to store theory

29: Research has shown that students who study regularly remember the material far better than those who did all of their studying in one marathon session.

True False

30: The debate over the relative contributions of inheritance and the environment is one of the oldest issues in both philosophy and psychology. This question is referred to as:

Early experience vs. later experience Continuity vs. discontinuity Nature vs. nurture

31: According to Freud, personality is mostly established by what age?

5 15 25

32: Freud believed that the pleasure-seeking energies of the ______becoming focused on different areas during development.

Ego Id Superego

33: In Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the stage focused on children developing a greater sense of personal control through toilet training, food choices and toy preferences is known as:

Trust versus mistrust Integrity versus despair Autonomy versus shame and doubt

34: Which psychologist developed social learning theory, suggesting that people can learn new information and behaviors by watching other people? Jean Piaget Albert Bandura Kurt Lewin

35: According to Piaget, the process of taking in new information into our previously existing schema is known as ______.

Assimilation Accommodation Equilibration

36: The stage of cognitive development in which children begin thinking logically about concrete events, but have difficulty understanding abstract or hypothetical concepts is known as:

The sensorimotor stage The preoperational stage The concrete operational stage

37: This type of personality theory suggests that individual personalities are composed broad dispositions.

Behavioral theories Trait theories Humanist theories

38: Which types of traits dominate an individual's whole life, often to the point that the person becomes known specifically for these traits?

Cardinal traits Central traits Secondary traits

39: In Sigmund Freud's theory of personality, the component of personality that is responsible for dealing with reality is known as the:

Id Ego Superego

40: What is at the peak of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Social needs Esteem needs Self-actualizing needs

1. What is it called when a person takes material into their mind from the environment?

A. recall B. classification C. accommodation D. assimilation E. stage

2. Which of the following represents that strongest correlation? A. +.23 B. -.10 C. -.44 D. +.55 E. +.89

3. Which is NOT a step in the scientific method?

A. test hypothesis B. gather information C. revise D. generate hypothesis E. none of the above

4. The difference between reality and self-concept is called

A. modeling B. shaping C. incongruence D. behavior rehearsal E. none of the above

5. Role playing social situations or behaviors is called

A. behavior rehearsal B. shaping C. incongruence D. modeling E. none of the above

6. What is it called when a person has consistent fear of a serious disease?

A. arachnophobia B. hypochondria C. phobia D. obsessive-compulsive disorder E. manic depressive illness

7. Which of the following created the client-centered theory of psychology?

A. Jean Piaget B. B. F. Skinner C. Alfred Kinsey D. Ivan Pavlov E. Carl Rogers

8. Hallucinations and delusions are a symptom of which disorder?

A. hypochondria B. schizophrenia C. arachnophobia D. insomnia E. obsessive-compulsive disorder

9. Who conducted the Baby Monkey experiment?

A. Sigmund Freud B. Jean Piaget C. Mary Ainsworth D. Harry Harlow E. Lawrence Kohlberg

10. Which of the following studied temperament?

A. Mary Ainsworth B. Harry Harlow C. Sigmund Freud D. Alfred Kinsey E. Lawrence Kohlberg

11. Cocaine is a ______?

A. sedative B. barbituate C. hallucinogen D. cannabis E. stimulant

12. Which of the following became famous for his experiments with dogs and conditioning?

A. Alfred Kinsey B. Ivan Pavlov C. Carl Jung D. B. F. Skinner E. Jean Piaget

13. When a person experiences unexpected panic attacks it is called

A. bipolar disorder B. insanity C. panic disorder D. obsessive compulsive disorder E. post-traumatic stress disorder

14. When a person has anxiety about panic attacks in social or embarrassing situations, they have ______?

A. agoraphobia B. bipolar disorder C. claustrophobia D. arachnophobia E. post-traumatic stress disorder

15. When a person experiences extreme stress with biological and psychological symptoms following a traumatic event it is called:

A. bipolar disorder B. post-traumatic stress disorder C. panic disorder D. schizophrenia E. agoraphobia

Clep Practice Test Answer key

1) D 2) E 3) E 4) C 5) A 6) B 7) E 8 ) B 9) D 10) A 11) E 12) B 13) C 14) A 15) B