Biology Common Assessment Name: ______

DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST Unit 8 Assessment Ecology & Human Impact

Vocabulary + 1 point each 7.B. Carnivore D. 1. the variety of different organisms in an Vornivore ecosystem 1.A. Competition 8. an animal that obtains its energy by eating 1.B. Mutualism both plants and animals; consumers 1.C. Population 8.A. Herbivore C. 1.D. Diversity Omnivore 8.B. Carnivore D. 2. a close relationship between two or more Vornivore different organisms that live together, which is often but not always beneficial 2.A. Sexual relationship 9. a step in a food chain or food web 2.B. Symbiotic relationships 9.A. Trophic level C. Producer 2.C. Predation 9.B. Consumer D. 2.D. Feeding relationship Autotroph

3. the place in which an organism lives; a 10. any naturally occurring carbon or specific environment that has an interacting hydrocarbon fuel, such as coal, petroleum, peat, community of organisms and natural gas, formed by the decomposition of 3.A. House prehistoric organisms 3.B. Community 10.A. Carbon dioxide 3.C. Population 10.B. Combustion 3.D. Habitat 10.C. Fossil fuel 10.D. Water 4. anything that causes the growth of a population to slow down or decrease 11. harmful chemicals that get passed from one 4.A. Fungus energy level to the next as they move up through 4.B. Abiotic the food chain, DDT, lead, mercury 11.A. Food C. Energy 4.C. Limiting factors 11.B. Toxins D. Water 4.D. Biotic 12. compounds emitted into the atmosphere that 5. heterotrophic organisms that obtain their act like glass to trap in the heat and warm the energy by feeding on decaying organisms earth 5.A. Decomposer 12.A. Greenhouse gases 5.B. Scavenger 12.B. Oxygen 5.C. Herbivore 12.C. Global warming 5.D. Omnivore 12.D. Toxins 6. an animal that obtains its energy by eating Knowledge Multiple Choice + 2 points each plants; consumers 13. Classify the relationship between flowering 6.A. Herbivore C. plants and bees, where the plant provides the bee Omnivore with food and the bee spreads pollen for the 6.B. Carnivore D. plant. Vornivore 13.A. Predator – prey 13.B. Mutualism 7. an animal that obtains its energy by eating 13.C. Parasitism other animals; consumers 13.D. Sexual 7.A. Herbivore C. Omnivore 14. Which of the following is a biotic factor in A. makes glucose for other organisms the environment of a fresh water fish? B. does photosynthesis A. The amount of light penetrating the C. recycles dead organisms and makes water soil B. The temperature of the water D. acts as a carnivore C. The mud on the bottom of the pond D. The algae growing in the water 22. Which of the following is not recycled in an ecosystem? 15. Two male deer fight with antlers to win the A. Carbon C. Water affection of a female deer. Which type of B. Energy D. Matter ecological relationship is exhibited between the male deer? 23. Species of organisms that obtain food by A. Predator/Prey C. Mutualism only eating autotrophs are known as B. Parasitism D. Competition A. Tertiary consumer C. Producer B. Secondary consumer D. Herbivore 16. Which of the following is the largest level of organization in ecology, made up of biotic and 24. Why do ecosystems usually contain only a abiotic factors? few trophic levels? A. Population C. A. because only 5% of the energy harnessed is Community passed to the next level B. Organism D. B. because only 50% of the energy harnessed is Ecosystem passed to the next level C. because only 10% of the energy harnessed is The large amount of salt in the air and water 17. passed to the next level of coastal areas determines which species can D. because only 100% of the energy harnessed exist there. In these areas, the lack of fresh water is passed to the next level functions as a A. Source of energy C. Food source 25. Which will decrease the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? B. Biotic factor D. Limiting factor A. Burning of fossil fuels B. Cutting down trees 18. In a particular ecosystem, a wolf population C. Cellular respiration is a predator for moose. If the wolf population D. Photosynthesis decreased, what would likely happen to the 26. Due to bioaccumulation, which trophic level carrying capacity of the environment for the would the concentration of the pesticide DDT be moose? the highest? A. It would increase A. Producers B. It would decrease slightly B. Primary consumers C. It would remain the same C. Secondary consumers D. It would decrease significantly. D. Tertiary consumers

19. Which of the following organisms would be 27. What is an example of an effect of considered an autotroph? deforestation? A. omnivore C. herbivore A. Damage to local soils in the form of B. producer D. heterotroph erosion B. Accelerated removal of CO2 from 20. Vultures feed mainly on organisms that they the atmosphere. have not killed. They are known as what type of C. Increased habitat for animals organism? D. Accelerated addition of oxygen to A. Predators C. Omnivores the atmosphere. B. Scavengers D. Autotrophs 28. Which of the following has contributed most 21. How do decomposers contribute to a food to the overall warming of the earth’s web cycle? atmosphere? 28.A. The burning of fossil fuels 28.B. The depletion of the ozone 28.C. The occurrence of acid rain 28.D. The melting of the polar ice caps

Higher Level Multiple Choice + 3 points each A. Interaction A C. Interaction C B. Interaction B D. Interaction D 29. Bacteria living in nodules on the roots of legumes have the ability to fix atmospheric 32. The graph below represents population nitrogen into a water-soluble form that the growth in a specific population. legume plants use to survive. The bacteria absorb sugar from the plants’ roots. Which describes the relationship between the bacteria and the legume plants? A. Mutualism C. Herbivore B. Predator-Prey D. Parasitism

30. An ecologist observes a trend among two What is happening at point E? organisms. The trend shows that shortly after the A. The death rate of the population has population of one organism increases, the increased. population of the other organism decreases. B. The population has reached its Likewise, the trend shows that after the change carrying capacity. occurs, the number of the first group of organism C. The population is growing then begins to decline. This ecologist is most exponentially. likely observing the population trend in which D. The population has stopped growing. relationship? 33. What is the approximate carrying capacity for this population of P. aurelia?

A. Mutualism C. Commensalism A. 20 C. 40 B. Predation D. B. 80 D. 100 Parasitism 34. Which of the following would result in the graph shown below?

31. A community is studied and several interactions between two organisms labeled X and Y are observed and recorded. Which type of A. A variety of predators interaction could illustrate the process of B. Habitat destruction mutualism? C. Unlimited resources D. Competition for abiotic factors The graph below summarizes the exponential growth pattern of the human population over the past 2,000 years. Use the graph for questions 35 & 36.

39. In the food web to the right, what organism(s) does organism A eat? 35. Which factors probably had the biggest impact on human growth between the years 1000 A. B C. C and 2000? B. B & C D. A & B A. Higher death rate and lower birth rate B. Lower death rate and higher birth rate Use the food web and chart below for question #40. C. an increase in global warming D. an increased number of human predators

36. What might cause humans to go from an exponential growth curve to a logistic growth curve? A. Increased demand for resources. B. Limiting the number of childrenfamilies can have. C. Increased sex-education and lower birth rates D. All of the above.

37. Which diagram best represents the recycling of matter in the carbon cycle?

A. C. 40. Gardeners sometimes use traps to capture slugs. Organisms found in the trap after being in the garden for one week are shown in the table. Based on the table, how many of the organisms were herbivores? A. 5 C. 22 B. 9 D. 99 B. D. Use the food web below to answer questions 41 – 44.

38. Which level of the pyramid contains the most energy? 46. Which of the following describes a goal of sustainable development that humans must strive to attain? A. Conserving resources without considering the needs of human or wild populations B. Meeting human needs without causing long- term harm to the environment C. Using natural resources without considering how it affects the environment D. Increasing the amount of global deforestation and soil erosion for better agricultural yields

47. Increased production of goods makes our lives more comfortable, but increases the 41. What would most likely decrease the mouse demand for energy and other resources. What is population? one negative impact this situation has on A. A decrease in the snake and hawk ecosystems? population A. An increase in living space for wildlife B. An increase in the frog and tree B. An increase in renewable resources population C. An increase in the world's biodiversity C. A decrease in the amount of D. An increase in pollution levels available sunlight D. An increase in the number of Use the graph below to answer question #48. decomposers

42. What is the original energy source for the food web? A. Chemical bonds in sugar molecules B. Enzymatic reactions C. Sunlight D. Chemical reactions of bacteria

43. Which organism is an omnivore in the food web? A. deer C. frog 48. Which of the following human activities B. cricket D. mouse probably had the biggest impact on the carbon 44. Which organisms are not shown above, but dioxide and temperature changes seen in the are essential to a balanced ecosystem? graph above? A. Heterotrophs C. Producers A. Introduction of invasive carnivorous species B. Autotrophs D. Decomposers B. Increase in volcanic eruptions C. Increased combustion of fossil fuels 45. Hydrilla is a nonnative water plant that is D. The distribution of pesticides rapidly spreading in the US. It crowds out native species. Which statement best explains the success of Hydrilla? A. Hydrilla is not as affected by native limiting factors as the local plants are. B. Plants from other countries are harder to kill than Hydrilla. C. Hydrillawas better adapted to its original environment. D. Hydrilla has more predators in the new environment, forcing it to become stronger. Relationship Cycling of Human s & Matter & Impact Populations Energy 1 POINT 1 POINT 1 POINT 1. 5. 10. 2. 6. 11. 3. 7. 12. 4. 8. 9.

2 POINTS 2 POINTS 2 POINTS 13. 19. 25. 14. 20. 26. 15. 21. 27. 16. 22. 28. 17. 23. 18. 24. 3 POINTS 3 POINTS 3 POINTS 29. 37. 45. 30. 38. 46. 31. 39. 47. 32. 40. 48. 33. 41. 34. 42. 35. 43. 36. 44.