Spring Semester Exam Study Guide s1

Name: ______Date: ______HR: _____ Spring Semester Exam Study Guide 8 Science Study guide due May 17th Exam on May 22nd This study guide is organized by subject. Its purpose is to help you decide which subjects need revisiting. Rote memorization of the answers you provide on this study guide will not guarantee success on the exam. Terms to know: for each of the terms, write the definition. Good: copy the definition from Quizlet set. Better: write the definition in your own words. Best: Use the term when discussing the subject. Important concepts: for each concept, you should be able to take its parts and fit them together to formulate the larger concept. The concept should fit into the subject as a whole.

I. Evolution a. Terms to know: a.i. Adaptation: ______

a.ii. Natural selection: ______

a.iii. Evolution: ______

a.iv. Trait: ______

a.v. Evidence: ______

a.vi. Theory: ______

a.vii. Variation: ______

a.viii. Species: ______

a.ix. Population: ______

a.x. Fitness: ______

b. Important concepts: b.i. Natural Selection: b.i.1. How does variation within a species increase species’ fitness?

b.i.2. How can variation within a species lead to speciation (origin of a new species)? b.i.3. What are the four processes of natural selection?

b.ii. Charles Darwin: b.ii.1. Who was he? What did he do? What did he contribute to the idea of Evolution? How was his theory accepted?

b.iii. Evidence for evolution b.iii.1. We studied seven different areas of science that all support the theory of evolution. What are they, and how do they support evolution?

II. Forces and Motion a. Terms to know: a.i. Force: ______

a.ii. Friction: ______

a.iii. Gravity: ______

a.iv. Mass: ______

a.v. Inertia: ______

a.vi. Acceleration: ______

a.vii. Pressure: ______

a.viii. Speed: ______

a.ix. Center of mass: ______a.x. Stability: ______b. Important concepts: b.i. 7 forms of energy. Define and give examples.

b.ii. 2 types of mechanical energy. Define and give examples.

b.iii. 5 types of forces. Define and give examples.

b.iv. Newton’s 1st Law of motion. Define and give examples.

b.v. Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion. Define and give examples. Solve for unknown variables.

b.vi. Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion. Define and give examples.

b.vii. Balanced, unbalanced, and net forces. Define and give examples.

b.viii. Stopping distance, reaction distance, and breaking distance. Define & give examples. b.ix. Motion graphs. If provided a motion graph, know how to interpret it.

III. Plate Tectonics a. Terms to know: a.i. Crust: ______

a.ii. Mantle: ______

a.iii. Lithosphere: ______

a.iv. Asthenosphere: ______

a.v. Convection: ______

a.vi. Plate tectonics: ______

a.vii. Lithospheric plate: ______

a.viii. Fault: ______

a.ix. Rift valley: ______

a.x. Hot spot: ______

b. Important concepts: b.i. Layers of the Earth. What are the two types of crust? Be able to identify in order: crust, lithosphere, asthenosphere, mantle, outer core, inner core. Know the depth, composition, and temperature of the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core.

b.ii. Lithospheric plates: read and interpret a labeled lithospheric plates map.

b.iii. Plate boundaries: identify the three types of plate boundaries and the landforms that are likely to occur there. Know a few real-world examples of these boundaries and resulting landforms.

b.iv. Convection: What is it? What does it have to do with plate tectonics?