Global Governance

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

Fall 2003

Professor Daniel W. Drezner

OVERVIEW

“Global governance” is a new phenomenon; global governance is not. Before 1998, no article published in a major political science journal had the term “global governance” in its title. That’s clearly not the case now. At the same time, however, what is defined today as global governance today includes aspects of international relations that have been known by other terms in the past, such as “international organization”, “multilateralism”, or “international regime”. This course will define global governance as a set of codified rules and regulations of transnational scope, and the collection of authority relationships that manage, monitor or enforce said rules. Note that this definition encompasses a variety of arrangements, including “hard law” treaties, “soft law” declarations, private orders, and international governmental organizations. Note also that is also possible for global policy coordination to take place without any governance structures. When can global governance be said to be effective? The definitions, as you will see, vary with the author. Some look at whether the regulatory regime substantially effects the issue in question. By this metric, for example, the Kyoto Protocol would be considered effective if it halts the current trend of global warming. Another school of thought examines whether, given the agreed-upon commitments, whether the actors comply with the agreement. By this metric, the Kyoto Protocol is an example of effective global governance if all of the actors adhere to their treaty commitments, even if global warming remains a problem. A proper measure of effectiveness will need to combine both of these definitions. To use a numerical example, a global governance structure where states are only 50% compliant with an agreement to cut carbon dioxide emissions by 20% should be considered more effective than a regulatory regime that produces 100% compliance with an agreement to cut emissions by only 1%. Compliance matters, but so does the degree of difficulty. This course will review the various debates about global governance in world politics. We’ll start off examining what explains the demand for global governance structures. We’ll then discuss the myriad ingredients that go into global governance: variations in form, authority, power, constitutive origins, and causal effects. The second half of the course is devoted to various case studies of global governance: Internet-related issues, the international financial institutions, and the International Criminal Court. The final meeting will discuss the possible futures for global governance. Not bad for ten weeks.

COURSE REQUIREMENTS

Your performance in this class is based on three components: class participation, a paper, and a final examination. Class participation means several things. First, as I said, I am assuming you will have done the readings, digested their meaning, and ready to discuss them critically in class. Second, you will be expected to give one in-class presentation on the book of the week – what you think the core arguments are, and whether those arguments are used appropriately today. A note about the readings. This is a seminar course for graduate students. This means that I expect you to have done all of the readings in advance and that you are prepared to discuss them in class. I place great importance on this: you will note that 30% of your grade is determined by your class participation. Read all of the assigned materials before class meets. I am aware that this is not the only course you will be taking this spring, and I have really, really tried to keep the number of pages per week down. Scanning the syllabus, you will probably believe this claim to be insincere, but trust me, there is a lot that is being left out. You will also be writing a paper. You need to choose an issue area in world politics (biological weapons, competition policy, freedom of religion, etc.), examine the global governance structures that currently exist in that subject area, and provide a theoretical explanation for such an outcome. I suggest you clear your topic with me before proceeding. Finally, there will be a take-home final. The exam will be open-book and open- note, and is intended to be both straightforward and (relatively) painless. All told, your grade in this course will be determined as follows:

Class participation 40% Paper 30% Final exam 30%

REQUIRED READINGS

The assigned books are available at the Seminary Co-op and listed below. All of the articles are available on the World Wide Web, through JSTOR, another electronic service provided by the University of Chicago library, or a web address listed below. The assigned books are:

Daniel W. Drezner, ed., Locating the Proper Authorities: The Interaction of Domestic and International Institutions (Ann Arbor: Michigan University Press, 2003).

Judith Goldstein, Miles Kahler, Robert Keohane, and Anne-Marie Slaughter, eds., Legalization and World Politics (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2001).

Lloyd Gruber, Ruling the World: Power Politics and the Rise of Supranational Institutions (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000).

Rodney Bruce Hall and Thomas J. Biersteker, eds., The Emergence of Private Authority in Global Governance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).

G. John Ikenberry, After Victory: Institutions, Strategic Restraint, and the Rebuilding of Order After Major Wars (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001). COURSE OUTLINE

1) What is global governance? Who needs it?

Oran Young, “International Regimes: Problems of Concept Formation,” World Politics 32 (April 1980): 331-356.

John Gerard Ruggie, “Multilateralism: The Anatomy of an Institution,” International Organization 46 (Summer 1992): 561-598.

Lisa Martin, "Interests, Power, and Multilateralism." International Organization 46 (Autumn 1992): 765- 792.

Lisa Martin and Beth Simmons, “Theories and Empirical Studies of International Institutions,” International Organization 52 (Autumn 1998): 729-757.

James Fearon, “Bargaining, Enforcement, and Cooperation,” International Organization 52 (Spring 1998): 269-305.

James N. Rosenau, “Governance in the Twenty-first Century,” Global Governance 6 (1995): 13-43

2) Sources of power and authority in global governance

Ian Hurd, “Legitimacy and Authority in International Politics,” International Organization 53(Spring 1999): 379-408.

Peter Haas, “Introduction: Epistemic Communities and International Policy Coordination,” International Organization 46 (Winter 1992): 1-35.

Rodney Bruce Hall, “Moral Authority as a Power Resource,” International Organization 51 (Autumn 1997): 591-622.

A. Iain Johnston, “Treating International Institutions as Social Environments,” International Studies Quarterly 45 (December 2001): 487-516.

Stephen D. Krasner, “Global Communications and National Power: Life on the Pareto Frontier,” World Politics 43 (July 1991): 336-366.

Daniel W. Drezner, “Bargaining, Enforcement, and Multilateral Economic Sanctions,” International Organization 54 (Winter 2000): 73-102.

Jens Steffek, “The Legitimation of International Governance: A Discourse Approach,” European Journal of International Relations 9 (June 2003): 249-275. 3) The formalities of global governance

Charles Lipson, “Why are Some International Agreements Informal?” International Organization 45 (Autumn 1991): 495-538.

Abram Chayes and Antonia Handler Chayes, “On Compliance.” International Organization 47 (Spring 1993): 175-205.

George Downs, David Rocke, and Peter Barsoom, “Is the Good News About Compliance Good News About Cooperation?” International Organization 50 (Summer 1996): 379- 406.

Jonas Tallberg, “Paths to Compliance: Enforcement, Management, and the European Union,” International Organization 56 (August 2002): 609-643.

Goldstein et al, chapters by Kenneth Abbott et al and Kenneth Abbott & Duncan Snidal.

4) The role of non-state actors in global governance

Paul Wapner, “Politics Beyond the State: Environmental Activism and World Civic Politics,” World Politics 47 (April 1995): 311-340.

Hall and Biersteker, The Emergence of Private Authority in Global Governance, chapters by Claire Cutler and Ronnie Lipschultz & Cathleen Fogel.

Xinyuan Dai, “Information Systems of Treaty Regimes,” World Politics 54 (July 2002): 405-436.

Sydney Tarrow, “Transnational Politics: Contention and Institutions in International Politics” Annual Review of Political Science 4 (2001): 1-20.

Susan Sell and Aseem Prakash, “Using Ideas Strategically: The Contest Between Business ands NGO Networks in Intellectual Property Rights.” International Studies Quarterly, forthcoming. Available at: http://www.sog-rc27.org/Paper/DC/Sell.doc.

5) Hegemony and global governance

Ikenberry, After Victory, pp. 3-79, 163-274.

Gruber, Ruling the World, pp. 3-92.

Robert Kagan, “Power and Weakness,” Policy Review 113 (June/July 2002): 54-66 6) The domestic politics of global governance

Drezner, Locating the Proper Authorities, pp. 1-24, 49-76, 105-144, 197-230.

Robert Putnam, “Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games,” International Organization 42 (Summer 1988): 427-460.

Goldstein et al, Legalization and World Politics, chapters by Karen Alter and Judith Goldstein & Lisa Martin.

Andrew Cortell and James Davis, How Do International Institutions Matter? The Domestic Impact of International Rules and Norms,” International Studies Quarterly 40 (December 1996): 451-478.

7) Actor heterogeneity and Internet governance

Craig Warkentin and Karen Mingst, “International Institutions, the State and Global Civil Society in the Age of the World Wide Web,” Global Governance 6 (April-June 2000): 237-257.

Stephen Kobrin, “Economic Governance in an Electronically Networked Society,” in Hall and Biersteker

Geoffrey Herrera, “The Politics of Bandwidth: International Political Implications of a Global Digital Information Network,” Review of International Studies 28 (January 2002): 93-122.

Henry Farrell, “Constructing the International Foundations of E-Commerce—The EU- U.S. Safe Harbor Arrangement,” International Organization 57 (April 2003): 277-306.

Rändi Bessette and Virginia Haufler, “Against All Odds: Why There is no International Informational Regime,” International Studies Perspectives 2 (March 2001): 69-92.

Daniel W. Drezner, “The Global Governance of the Internet: Bringing the State Back In,” forthcoming in Political Science Quarterly.

8) The case of global financial governance: the IFIs

Louis Pauly, “Global Finance, Political Authority, and the Problem of Legitimation,” in Hall and Biersteker.

Beth Simmons, “The Legalization of International Monetary Affairs,” in Goldstein et al. Beth Simmons, “The International Politics of Harmonization: The Case of Capital Market Regulation,” International Organization 55 (Summer 2001): 589-620.

Layna Mosley, “Attempting Global Standards: National Governments, International Finance, and the IMF’s Data Regime.” Review of International Political Economy 10 (May 2003): 331-362.

Erica Gould, “Money Talks: Supplementary Financiers and International Monetary Fund Conditionality,” International Organization 57 (Summer 2003): 551–586.

Randall Stone, “The Political Economy of IMF Lending in Africa,” Working paper, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY.

Daniel W. Drezner, “Clubs, Neighborhoods, and Universes: The Governance of Global Finance.” Paper presented at 2003 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Philadelphia, PA.

9) The case of global security governance: the ICC

Bruce Cronin, “The Two Faces of the United Nations: The Tension between Intergovernmentalism and Transnationalism, Global Governance 8 (Jan/Mar 2002): .

Christopher Rudolph, “Constructing an Atrocities Regime: The Politics of War Crimes Tribunals,” International Organization 55 (Summer 2001): 655-691.

Jamie Mayerfield, “Who Shall Be Judge? The United States, the International Criminal Court, and the Global Enforcement of Human Rights,” Human Rights Quarterly 25 (February 2003): 60-73.

Stephen D. Krasner and Jack Goldsmith, “The Limits of Idealism,” Daedalus 132 (Winter 2003): 47-63

Vladimir Tochilovsky, “Globalizing Criminal Justice: Challenges for the International Criminal Court,” Global Governance 9 (July-September 2003):

Charles Anthony Smith, “Legitimacy and Power: Justice, Politics, and War Crimes Trials,” paper prepared for presentation at the American Political Science annual meeting, Philadelphia, PA, August 27-31, 2003.

10) The future – good or ill – of global governance Kimberly Ann Elliott, Debayani Kar, and J. David Richardson, “Assessing Globalization’s Critics: ‘Talkers are No Good Doers???’” Institute for International Economics working paper, May 2002. http://www.ciaonet.org/wps/elk02/elk02.pdf.

Klaus Dieter Wolf, “The New Raison D’Etat as a Problem for Democracy in World Society.” European Journal of International Relations 5 (Fall 1999): 333-363.

Daniel Deudney and John Ikenberry, “The Nature and Sources of Liberal International Order.” Review of International Studies 25 (April 1999): 179-196.

Craig N. Murphy, “Global Governance: Poorly Done and Poorly Understood.” International Affairs 76 (October 2000): 789-804.

Roland Paris, “The Globalization of Taxation? Electronic Commerce and the Transformation of the State,” International Studies Quarterly 47 (June 2003): 153-182.

Alexander Wendt, “Why a World State is Inevitable,” European Journal of International Relations 9 (December 2003): forthcoming.