2001 National Scholastics Championship

——————————2001 National Scholastics Championship—————————— Round 11. Related Tossup/Bonus

01 He caught ill during an expedition to restore Peter the Cruel to the throne of Castille, and died nine years later. During his illness, he massacred the city of Limoges [lee-MOZH], levied heavy taxes in Aquitaine and Gascony where he was prince, and led a faction against his younger brother, the duke of Lancaster, John of Gaunt. For 10 points— name this son of King Edward III of England. ANSWER: Edward the Black Prince or Edward of Woodstock [do not accept “Edward IV”]

01 BONUS. The Black Prince was also known as Edward of Woodstock. Name these musical acts associated with Woodstock, 10 points each. [10] This performer ended Woodstock with a famous performance of "The Star Spangled Banner." ANSWER: Jimi Hendrix [10] This band, the scheduled opening act, was unable to reach the site because of the massive traffic, so Richie Havens performed instead. Their story was later told in a VH1 TV movie. ANSWER: Sweetwater

02 He spoke with God not directly, but through Eleazer. Buried in the hills of the Ephraimites, his eponymous book of the Bible also documents the crossing of the Jordan and the destruction of the walls of Jericho. For 10 points—name this successor to Moses as leader of the Israelites, namesake of the sixth book of the Old Testament. ANSWER: Joshua

02 BONUS. Name these cities in modern Israel, 10 points each. [10] Built from scratch in the 20th century, and now Israel’s most populous city, it is home to the Azrieli Observatory and the Diaspora Museum. ANSWER: Tel Aviv-Jaffa [10] The most populous city in the Negev desert, its most prominent groups of residents are Bedouins and Jewish immigrants from Russia. Landmarks include Ben-Gurion University and the Arid Zone Research Institute. ANSWER: Beersheba

03 Ernst Barlach was one of the few sculptors to work in this style. Its precursors go back to Matthias Grünewald, but it took its modern impetus from Gauguin’s exclusion of shadows and use of folk methods, and the unique color and line stylizations of Van Gogh. For 10 points—name this art movement which abandoned Impressionism’s goal of painting that which is seen in favor of representing emotion. ANSWER: Expressionism [or word forms]

03 BONUS. Given van Gogh’s description of his own painting, name it, 10 points each. [10] Van Gogh said that this work, which depicts five peasants at a bland meal, “speaks of manual labor, and how they have honestly earned their food.” ANSWER: The Potato Eaters or Les mangeurs de pommes de terre or Aardappeleters [10] In preparing to paint this work Van Gogh wrote, “The blood-red and the yellow-green of the billiard table, for instance, contrast with the soft tender . . . green of the counter, on which there is a pink nosegay. The white coat of the landlord, awake in a corner of that funace, turns citron-yellow or pale luminous green.” ANSWER: The Night Café in the Place Lamartine in Arles or Café de nuit à la Place Lamartine à Arles or Nachtkroeg op de Lamartineplaats te Arles

04 Designed by Jean Chalgrin and completed in 1836, its features include sculptural reliefs by Francois Rude [rood]

2001 PACE National Scholastics Championship — Round 11 — Page 1 of 10 © 2001 PACE. Questions may not be distributed without PACE’s express written permission. called “La Marseillaise” [MAR-say-YEHZ]. Meant to echo ancient Roman architecture—for 10 points—name this Paris momument, home to France’s Unknown Soldier, dedicated to the glory of Napoleon’s armies. ANSWER: l’Arc de Triomphe de l’Étoile [lark duh tree-AWMF] or

04 BONUS. The American Unknown Soldiers can be found in Arlington National Cemetery. Ten points each, name these other people interred there. [10] In 1988, this man was reburied at Arlington. In 1912, he wrote A Black Explorer at the North Pole. ANSWER: Matthew Henson [10] This army surgeon was buried there in 1902. He died shortly after returning from Cuba, where he had determined that yellow fever was transmitted by a mosquito. ANSWER: Walter Reed

05 When a single electron is transferred in a redox reaction, the cell potential decreases by approximately 60 millivolts when the electrolyte concentration is increased by a factor of ten. This is a consequence of—for 10 points— what basic law of electrochemistry, which can be used to derive an expression for the potential of any electrolytic cell? ANSWER: Nernst equation

05 BONUS. Answer these questions about the work of Walther Nernst, 10 points each. [10] Nernst’s statement of the heat theorem leads to what law, stating that every substance has a nonnegative entropy which can become zero only at absolute zero, and only if the substance is a perfect crystal? ANSWER: the third law of thermodynamics [10] Nernst developed an equation for describing the diffusion of ions in solution with which man who laid the groundwork for Brownian motion? ANSWER: Albert Einstein

06 Henry Fielding parodied her twice: once by making Joseph Andrews her brother, and then again with an “Apology” for the life of a similarly-named character. Abducted by Mr. B, who tries to win her love—for 10 points— name this character, the title character of a 1739 novel by Samuel Richardson. ANSWER: Pamela Andrews

06 BONUS. Ten points each, name these coming-of-age books about girls, written by L.M. Montgomery. [10] The second in a set of eight, this book continues the story line begun in Anne of Green Gables. ANSWER: Anne of Avonlea [10] This book, the first in a trilogy, begins the story of Emily Byrd Starr. ANSWER: Emily of New Moon

07 The secondary forms, which include axillary, basal, and intercalary, are generally responsible for lateral development, such as increases in stem girth. For 10 points—name this region of dividing plant cells whose primary form, responsible for vertical growth, is called “apical” [AY-pih-kull]. ANSWER: meristem

07 BONUS. [Imitate Pinky if you can....] Brainstem! Brainstem! Narf! 10 points each. [10] The brainstem, or medulla oblongata, connects to the spinal cord through this “large hole” in the base of the skull, which is why relatively small shifts in the skull’s location can be fatal. ANSWER: foramen magnum [foh-RAY-min MAG-nim] [10] The medulla is the central control center for this portion of the nervous system that deals with activities not completely under conscious control, such as digestion and breathing. ANSWER: autonomic [not “autonomous”] nervous system

2001 PACE National Scholastics Championship — Round 11 — Page 2 of 10 © 2001 PACE. Questions may not be distributed without PACE’s express written permission. 08 The commanding officer, Colonel Johann Rall, was mortally wounded in street fighting during this battle, which saw over half the 1,400 troops at his garrison captured, with only five opposing casualties. For 10 points— name this defeat of Hessian soldiers, preceded by a Christmas night crossing of the ice-choked Delaware River by George Washington in 1776. ANSWER: Battle of Trenton

08 BONUS. Name these political figures born in Trenton, New Jersey, 10 points each. [10] Though born in New Jersey, he is a senator from New Hampshire. During his 2000 run for President, he temporarily split from the Republican Party. ANSWER: Robert Clinton “Bob” Smith [10] Noted for his conservativism, this man was appointed to the Supreme Court in 1986, when Rehnquist was elevated to Chief Justice. ANSWER: Antonin Scalia

09 The name’s the same. Both cities were named after Earl Spencer Compton; one is the seat of New Hannover County and lies on the Cape Fear River. The other, home to the Old Swedes Church and Fort Christina, in the Brandywine Valley, is the headquarters of DuPont Co. For 10 points—give the common name of these cities found in North Carolina and Delaware. ANSWER: Wilmington

09 BONUS. Fort Christina was named after Queen Christina of Sweden. 10 points each. [10] Christina’s father, known as the “Lion of the North,” he died after the Battle of Lützen in the Thirty Years’ War. Christina succeeded him on the throne at age six. ANSWER: Gustavus Adolphus or Gustav II Adolph [10] This chancellor of Gustavus Adolphus headed the regency of the young Queen Christina, and carried on Sweden’s part in the rest of the Thirty Years’ War. ANSWER: Axel Gustafsson Oxenstierna

10 Her first non-fiction work, Paula, was written as a letter to her daughter, who, afflicted with a hereditary blood disease, had fallen into a coma. Her early works such as Cuentos de Eva Luna and De Amor y de Sombra reflect her own experiences and examine the role of women in Latin America. For 10 points—name this Chilean author, best known for her first novel, La Casa de los Espíritus [es-PEE-ree-toos], or The House of the Spirits. ANSWER: Isabel Allende [ah-YEN-day]

10 BONUS. Name these paranormal phenomena, 10 points each. [10] This is the general term for any ghost that manifests itself through noises and creation of disorder. ANSWER: poltergeist [10] This is the term for those events in which humans interact with extraterrestrial as opposed to those where evidence of aliens is just seen. ANSWER: close encounters of the third kind [prompt on “close encounters”]

Allow substitutions if any. THEN distribute handout with Category Quiz topics, as you read the categories:

American History: Famous Bills Not Named Clinton Entertainment & Sports: Dune

2001 PACE National Scholastics Championship — Round 11 — Page 3 of 10 © 2001 PACE. Questions may not be distributed without PACE’s express written permission. Fine Arts: Deaf Musicians Foreign Languages & Word Origins: Not A Federal Case Mathematics: Simplify, Simplify Physical Sciences: The Power and the Glory Religion, Mythology, & Philosophy: One Heck of a Fish Fry Social Sciences: Jung at Heart World History: Tang Island? World Literature: Like a Virgin?

——————————2001 National Scholastics Championship—————————— Round 11. Category Quiz Tossups

11 To the northwest, it is connected to another body of water by the Straight of Bab el-Mandeb. To the west of it is Djibouti, to the south is Somalia, and to the east is Yemen. Located between the Horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, for ten points, name this body of water linking the Red and Arabia Seas. ANSWER: Gulf of Aden

12 After losing a re-election bid in 1974, he became Chairman of the National Low Income Housing Coalition. After being twice-elected attorney general of a New England state, he became a Senator in 1966, campaigning on an anti-war platform which he later abandoned. A Republican from Massachusetts, for ten points, name this first black US Senator since Reconstruction. ANSWER: Edward Brooke

13 One of these is slowly forming under Yellowstone National Park. This term was first applied to a large pit in the Canary Islands, which was about five kilometers in diameter. It is used to describe such natural features as Kilauea and Mauna Loa in Hawaii, and, when filled with water, can form a lake such as Crater Lake. For ten points, name these broad, shallow craters, whose name is Spanish for "cauldron." ANSWER: caldera

15 20th century examples include Alvin Plantinga’s “victorious” modal one, as well as one by Kurt Gödel. Gottlieb Frege claimed they were doomed because existence is a second-order predicate, so a first-order claim is meaningless. Found in the Meditations of Descartes and the Proslogion, for ten points, name this argument, which St. Anselm used to prove the existence of God. ANSWER: ontological argument

16 He invested in roads and canals, so that raw materials could be shipped economically to the Midlands, purchased one of the first steam engines for grinding flint, and used molds to replace the potter’s wheel, resulting in identical, stackable plates and bowls. For ten points, name this English entrepreneur who used division of labor to create high-quality pottery. ANSWER: Josiah Wedgwood

2001 PACE National Scholastics Championship — Round 11 — Page 4 of 10 © 2001 PACE. Questions may not be distributed without PACE’s express written permission. 17 His death was based on that of his creator’s daughter Leopione, while the character himself drew many traits from a real individual named Pierre Maurin. He is to escape his torment by fleeing to England, until he learns that Cosette has grown fond of Marius. He had been living in Montriel-sur-mer under the name of Madilaine—first as a factory foreman, then as mayor—after escaping from prison, where he was sentenced nineteen years in jail for stealing a loaf of bread. For 10 points, name this man who is pursued by Inspector Javert in Les Miserables. ANSWER: Jean Valjean [accept either name]

18 This vector quantity has the same dimensions as the scalar work, and is given by the cross product of the vector representing position and the vector representing force acting on the mass. For ten points, name this quantity, whose magnitude is also equal to rotational inertia times angular acceleration, the rotational analogue of force. ANSWER: torque

2001 PACE National Scholastics Championship — Round 11 — Page 5 of 10 © 2001 PACE. Questions may not be distributed without PACE’s express written permission. ——————————2001 National Scholastics Championship—————————— Round 11. The Category Quiz

American History: Famous Bills Not Named Clinton In the 1880s, several states passed laws attempting to curb such abuses as price fixing by railroad companies. In 1886, the Supreme Court ruled in the Wabash case that such laws were unconstitutional, leading to the passage of—for 15 points—what law? ANSWER: Interstate Commerce Act of 1887

Entertainment & Sports: Dune Warning: name and title required. At the end of Dune, Paul Atreides defeats the ruler of the Known Universe. For 15 points—give the name and title of this man, the father of Princess Irulan. ANSWER: Padishah Emperor Shaddam IV

Fine Arts: Deaf Musicians James MacMillan composed his percussion concerto Veni, Veni Emmanuel, for this woman, whose recent recordings include Drumming and Shadow Behind the Iron Sun. For 15 points—name this profoundly deaf British percussionist. ANSWER: Evelyn Glennie

Foreign Languages & Word Origins: Not A Federal Case Excluding the vocative, it is the only Latin case not found in German. For 15 points—name this case whose name comes from the fact that it originally dealt with motion away from the subject. ANSWER: ablative case

Mathematics: Simplify, Simplify VISUAL BONUS. Pencil and paper ready. The trigonometric expression on the handout in front of you can be simplified to the product of a constant and one of the six basic trigonometric functions. For 15 points—simplify the expression on the handout to that form. You have 30 seconds. ANSWER: 2 csc θ [2 cosecant theta; do not accept “2 over sine theta”]

Physical Sciences: The Power and the Glory Pencil and paper ready. A 12-volt car battery has a resistance of 0.02 ohms. For 15 points—assuming 12 voltsare running through the battery, calculate the power dissipated by the battery, in watts. You have 45 seconds. ANSWER: 7200 W [I = V/R; P = IV = (V/R)V gives 7200 W]

Religion, Mythology, & Philosophy: One Heck of a Fish Fry He led the Fianna after he tasted the Salmon of Knowledge. For 15 points—name this legendary warrior of Celtic mythology who supposedly led the giants who built the Giant’s Causeway. ANSWER: Finn MacCool or MacCumhaill Social Sciences: Jung at Heart Jung devised the theory of archetypes. For 15 points—which of Jung’s archetypes refers to the archetypal feminine symbolism in a man’s subconscious? ANSWER: anima

World History: Tang Island?

2001 PACE National Scholastics Championship — Round 11 — Page 6 of 10 © 2001 PACE. Questions may not be distributed without PACE’s express written permission. On May 12, 1975, the American merchant ship Mayaguez was seized in the Gulf of Siam. After demanding the release of the ship and crew, President Ford ordered an assault on Tang Island, where the ship and crew were being held—39 crew members were released, and the ship freed, but 38 Marines were killed. For 15 points—which country captured the ship? ANSWER: Cambodia or Kampuchea

World Literature: Like a Virgin? “[She] lean’d out/From the gold bar of Heaven;/Her eyes knew more of rest and shade/Than waters still’d at even.” For 15 points—name this title character of a poem and a painting by Dante Gabriel Rossetti. ANSWER: The Blessed Damozel

2001 PACE National Scholastics Championship — Round 11 — Page 7 of 10 © 2001 PACE. Questions may not be distributed without PACE’s express written permission. ——————————2001 National Scholastics Championship—————————— Round 11. Stretch Round

19 Duruflé set a French translation of this text as his final work while Elgar incorporated it in the finale of his oratorio The Kingdom. Two versions of this text exist: the shorter version of appears in Luke, while the longer is part of the Sermon on the Mount in Matthew. Identify, FOR TEN POINTS, this short prayer which includes references to baked goods. ANSWER: The Lord's Prayer or Our father (accept Pater noster on 30 or 20)

19 BONUS. Identify these French playwrights for ten points each. While his first drama Les romanesques, or The Romantics, was adapted into the musical The Fantasticks, he is better known for his verse play Cyrano de Bergerac. ANSWER: Edmond Rostand The comedies Le barbier de Seville and Le mariage de Figaro by this playwright were later made into operas by Mozart and Rossini, respectively. ANSWER: Pierre August Caron de Beaumarchais The son of a novelist, his first novel Camille was turned first into a play and then into Verdi's opera La Traviata. ANSWER: Alexandre Dumas fils [accept Dumas the younger or equivalents]

20 A sixteenth-century organist and composer of The King’s Hunt inspired a character in John Arbuthnot’s Law is a Bottomless Pit, who in turn lent his name and personality to this cultural icon. His traditional outfit is “a squat top hat, neckcloth, tailcoat, tight breeches,” boots, and a waistcoat adorned with a flag. FOR TEN POINTS, name this personification of England, analogous to the United States’ Uncle Sam. ANSWER: John Bull [accept Johnny Bull; accept Bono Johnny]

20 BONUS.

21 BONUS. Since WWII the Fifth Republic has governed France w/ surprising stability. Identify these presidents of the 5th Republic for ten points each. a. He was president from 1981-1995. ANSWER: François Mitterand b. Name the current president of France. ANSWER: Jacques Chirac c. He was president of France in the late 1970s and has an avante-garde performing arts center named in his honor. ANSWER: Georges Pompidou

22 It has been used as a literary device by writers as diverse as Poe, Rimbaud, Hart Crane, and Dame Edith Sitwell. An involuntary neurobehavioral phenomenon, it consists of photisms which result from tactile or oral stimuli such as taste or pain cause sensations of seeing colors. Identify this phenomenon, whose name comes from the Greek for "perceiving together," and, FOR TEN POINTS, whose most common variant is "colored hearing." ANSWER: synesthesia

22 BONUS. Identify the island groups, FTPE: Comprised of nine islands, its capital is at Ponta Delgada, about 1000 miles west of Lisbon.

2001 PACE National Scholastics Championship — Round 11 — Page 8 of 10 © 2001 PACE. Questions may not be distributed without PACE’s express written permission. ANSWER: The Azores Twenty of its thirty-six islands are uninhabited; its capital is on Tortola Island. ANSWER: The British Virgin Islands Located on the Indian Ocean, the smallest of its 3 islands is called Mafia Island. ANSWER: Zanzibar

23 On Isaiah 53:1-8; On Recollection; On Imagination; Ode to Neptune; A Rebus by I. B.; An Hymn to Humanity; On the Death of a Young Gentleman; To the University of Cambridge, in New England; and Goliath of Gath. These are all poems, by, FOR TEN POINTS, what American poetess of On Being Brought from Africa? ANSWER: Phyllis Wheatley

23 BONUS. Identify the cities where these palaces can be found for ten points each. With the oversight of doge Sebastiano Ziani, in 1170, a ninth-century palace was rebuilt in this city. ANSWER: Venice, Italy Though it has not been a royal residence since the early nineteenth century, Rosenborg Palace was built under Christian IV to replace an older castle in this city. ANSWER: Copenhagen, Denmark Built between 1700 and 1723 by Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt was this city’s Belvedere Palace and Gardens. ANSWER: Vienna, Austria

24 BONUS. Identify these great Venetian Renaissance painters, for ten points each. Only four or five paintings are accepted by most scholars as the work of this painter. The teacher of Titian, his best-known painting is The Tempest. ANSWER: Giorgione or Giorgio da Castelfranco Since his depiction of the Last Supper was deemed sacrilegious, he changed the name of the work to Feast in the House of Levi. ANSWER: Veronese or Paolo Caliari This painter sought to combine the color of Titian with the drawing of Michelangelo. The son of a dyer, his major works include a last supper for the Church of San Giorgio Maggiore. ANSWER: Tintoretto or Jacopo Robusti

25 In the standard method for negatively charged particles, the bed is composed of agarose while the SDS-PAGE version uses a detergent to mask and filter positively charged particles. For ten points, identify this tool of molecular biology which uses voltage to separate protein fragments of differing lengths. ANSWER: Gel Electrophoresis

25 BONUS. Answer these questions about chords, 15 points per part. The I7 [“one seven”] or tonic seventh chord in C minor contains, besides a C, what other three notes, for five points each? ANSWER: E flat, G, and B flat [do not accept answers containing sharps] What is the term for a seventh chord comprised of three minor thirds? ANSWER: diminished

26 Among the symbols used are the cempasúchil and the mano de leon, which are used to decorate tables called ofrendas, which hold gifts of food and drink. Special loaves called hojaldra are baked, and

2001 PACE National Scholastics Championship — Round 11 — Page 9 of 10 © 2001 PACE. Questions may not be distributed without PACE’s express written permission. many celebrants use skulls made from sugar and papier-mâché skeletons. For ten points, name this celebration in Latin America on November 1 or 2, which commemorates the deceased. ANSWER: Day of the Dead or El dia de los Muertos

26 BONUS. Calculate the sums of the following infinite series for fifteen points each. You have thirty seconds per part. 1/(0!) + 1/(1!) + 1/(2!) + 1/(3!) + . . . ANSWER: e or exponential function 1 - ½ + ¼ - 1/8 + 1/16 – 1/32 + . . . ANSWER: 2/3

27 He was responsible for the existence of slaves, peasants, and nobility, causing the births of the progenitors of each class by visiting in turn three houses while disguised as Rig. Gifted with great senses of hearing and sight, he slept less than a bird as he was required to stay alert. For ten points, name this guardian of the bridge Bifrost who will blow his horn at Ragnarok. Answer: Heimdall

27 BONUS. Answer the following questions about a given author and his works for ten points each. a. This author and lawyer wrote extensively on the Nietzcheian theme of the conflict between emotion and reason in such works as "Reports to Greco," "Toda Raba," and "The Last Temptation of Christ." ANSWER: Nikos Kazantzakis The title character of this Kazantzakis novel is a personification of the Dionysian approach to life. The novel consists of his interaction with an Appolonian narrator. ANSWER: Zorba the Greek or Alexis Zorbas In Kazantzakis's sequel to this poem, the hero ventures into Africa and eventually dies at the South Pole. ANSWER: The Odyssey

28 Nicholas Trist negotiated it and signed it despite a recall from his government. In this treaty, Trist’s government agreed to pay $15 million and offer citizenship to those living in the land it acquired. For ten points, name this treaty which also recognized the Rio Grande as a border, ending the Mexican War. ANSWER: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

28 BONUS.

2001 PACE National Scholastics Championship — Round 11 — Page 10 of 10 © 2001 PACE. Questions may not be distributed without PACE’s express written permission. Opening Round: Related Tossup-Bonus Section In this round, each tossup question is worth 10 points. Upon getting the tossup question correct, a team question worth a maximum of 20 points will be read. The topic for the bonus question will somehow be related to the tossup question. Both teams get an opportunity to answer after each prompted section of a bonus question, with the team getting the preceding tossup getting the first opportunity.

Category Quiz In this round, each tossup question is worth 10 points. Upon getting the tossup question correct, the team gets the opportunity to choose a 15-point team question based on the list of topics handed out before the round. If the bonus question is missed, the opposing team gets the opportunity to answer.

Stretch Round: Unrelated Tossups and Bonuses In this round, each tossup question is worth 20 points until the reader completes the phrase “for ten points,” after which the tossup is worth 10. Upon getting the tossup question correct, the team gets the opportunity to choose answer the associated bonus question for a maximum value of 30 points. Both teams get an opportunity to answer after each prompted section of a bonus question, with the team getting the preceding tossup getting the first opportunity.

Category Quiz Bonus Topics: Round 11 American History: Famous Bills Not Named Clinton Entertainment & Sports: Dune Fine Arts: Deaf Musicians Foreign Languages & Word Origins: Not A Federal Case Mathematics: Simplify, Simplify Physical Sciences: The Power and the Glory Religion, Mythology, & Philosophy: One Heck of a Fish Fry Social Sciences: Jung at Heart World History: Tang Island? World Literature: Like a Virgin?