Etable. the Detailed Information of the Studies Identified in Four Leading Medical Journals

eTable. The detailed information of the studies identified in four leading medical journals

Total NEJM Lancet JAMA BMJ

(n=55) (n1=11) (n2=4) (n3=27) (n4=13) Year of publication 2013 13 (23.64) 2 (18.18) 0 (0.00) 5 (18.52) 6 (46.15) 2012 14 (25.45) 2 (18.18) 1 (25.00) 8 (29.63) 3 (23.08) 2011 5 (9.09) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 3 (11.11) 2 (15.38) 2010 4 (7.27) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 2 (7.41) 2 (15.38) 2009 4 (7.27) 1 (9.09) 0 (0.00) 3 (5.45) 0 (0.00) 2008 7 (12.73) 4 (36.36) 3 (75.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 2007 and before 8 (14.55) 2 (18.18) 0 (0.00) 6 (22.22) 0 (0.00) Country of the author* United States 28 (50.91) 7 (63.64) 0 (0.00) 19 (70.37) 2 (15.38) Canada 8 (14.55) 1 (9.09) 1 (25.00) 2 (7.41) 4 (30.77) Denmark 6 (10.91) 2 (18.18) 0 (0.00) 2 (7.41) 2 (15.38) Great Britain 5 (9.09) 0 (0.00) 1 (25.00) 1 (3.70) 3 (23.08) Sweden 2 (3.64) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 1 (3.70) 1 (7.69) France 2 (3.64) 0 (0.00) 1 (25.00) 1 (3.70) 0 (0.00) Belgium 1 (1.82) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 1 (3.70) 0 (0.00) South Korean 1 (1.82) 1 (9.09) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) Japan 1 (1.82) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 1 (7.69) Taiwan of China 1 (1.82) 0 (0.00) 1 (25.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) Type of study design Prospective cohort study 26 (47.27) 6 (54.55) 1 (25.00) 14 (51.85) 5 (38.46) Retrospective cohort study 26 (47.27) 5 (45.45) 2 (50.00) 11 (40.74) 8 (61.54) Cross-sectional study 3 (5.45) 0 (0.00) 1 (25.00) 2 (7.41) 0 (0.00) Research area Cardiovascular diseases 31 (56.36) 8 (72.73) 2 (50.00) 13 (48.15) 8 (61.54) Cancer 4 (7.27) 1 (9.09) 0 (0.00) 2 (7.41) 1 (7.69) Respiratory diseases 4 (7.27) 0 (0.00) 1 (25.00) 1 (3.70) 2 (15.38) Obstetrics and gynecology 3 (5.45) 1 (9.09) 0 (0.00) 2 (7.41) 0 (0.00) Nervous system diseases 2 (3.64) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 2 (7.41) 0 (0.00) Nosocomial infection 2 (3.64) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 2 (7.41) 0 (0.00) Suicide 2 (3.64) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 1 (3.70) 1 (7.69) Pediatrics 1 (1.82) 1 (9.09) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) Orthopedics 1 (1.82) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 1 (7.69) Anesthesia 1 (1.82) 0 (0.00) 1 (25.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) Anemia 1 (1.82) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 1 (3.70) 0 (0.00) Kidney disease 1 (1.82) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 1 (3.70) 0 (0.00) Accidental injury 1 (1.82) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 1 (3.70) 0 (0.00) Bariatric surgery 1 (1.82) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 1 (3.70) 0 (0.00) *If the authors were from different counties, the country of the corresponding author was abstracted. References of identified studies in four medical journals 1. Pasternak B, Svanström H, Hviid A. Ondansetron in pregnancy and risk of adverse fetal outcomes. N Engl J Med 2013; 368: 814-23. 2. Svanström H, Pasternak B, Hviid A. Use of azithromycin and death from cardiovascular causes. N Engl J Med 2013; 368: 1704-12. 3. Fraser CD Jr, Jaquiss RD, Rosenthal DN, et al. Prospective trial of a pediatric ventricular assist device. N Engl J Med 2012; 367: 532-41. 4. Ray WA, Murray KT, Hall K, Arbogast PG, Stein CM. Azithromycin and the risk of cardiovascular death. N Engl J Med 2012; 366: 1881-90. 5. Ray WA, Chung CP, Murray KT, Hall K, Stein CM. Atypical antipsychotic drugs and the risk of sudden cardiac death. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 225-35. 6. Mauri L, Silbaugh TS, Garg P, et al. Drug-eluting or bare-metal stents for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 1330-42. 7. Schermerhorn ML, O'Malley AJ, Jhaveri A, Cotterill P, Pomposelli F, Landon, BE. Endovascular vs. open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms in the Medicare population. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 464-74. 8. Schneeweiss S, Seeger JD, Landon J, Walker AM. Aprotinin during coronary- artery bypass grafting and risk of death. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 771-83. 9. Seung KB, Park DW, Kim YH, et al. Stents versus coronary-artery bypass grafting for left maincoronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 1781- 92. 10. Tu JV, Bowen J, Chiu M, et al. Effectiveness and safety ofdrug-eluting stents in Ontario. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 1393-402. 11. Lindenauer PK, Pekow P, Wang K, Mamidi DK, Gutierrez B, Benjamin EM. Perioperative beta-blocker therapy and mortality after major noncardiac surgery. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 349-61. 12. Farzadfar F, Murray CJ, Gakidou E, et al. Effectiveness of diabetes andhypertension management by rural primary health-care workers (Behvarz workers) in Iran: a nationally representative observational study. Lancet 2012; 379: 47-54. 13. Thabut G, Christie JD, Ravaud P, et al. Survival after bilateral versus single lung transplantation for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a retrospective analysis of registry data. Lancet 2008; 371: 744-51. 14. Wijeysundera DN, Beattie WS, Austin PC, Hux JE, Laupacis A. Epidural anaesthesia and survival after intermediate-to-high risk non-cardiac surgery: a population-based cohort study. Lancet 2008; 372: 562-9. 15. Chen YS, Lin JW, Yu HY, et al. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation with assisted extracorporeal life-support versus conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adults with in-hospital cardiac arrest: an observational study and propensity analysis. Lancet 2008; 372: 554-61. 16. Peterson PN, Varosy PD, Heidenreich PA, et al. Association of single- vs dual- chamber ICDs with mortality, readmissions, and complications among patients receiving an ICD for primary prevention. JAMA 2013; 309: 2025-34. 17. Chhatriwalla AK, Amin AP, Kennedy KF, et al. Association between bleeding events and in-hospital mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention. JAMA 2013; 309:1022-9. 18. Wright JD, Ananth CV, Lewin SN, et al. Robotically assisted vs laparoscopic hysterectomy among women with benign gynecologic disease. JAMA 2013; 309: 689-98. 19. Hasegawa K, Hiraide A, Chang Y, Brown DF. Association of prehospital advanced airway management with neurologic outcome and survival in patients without-of-hospital cardiac arrest. JAMA 2013; 309: 257-66. 20. Al-Khatib SM, Hellkamp A, Bardy GH, et al. Survival of patients receiving a primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in clinical practice vs clinical trials. JAMA 2013; 309: 55-62. 21. Lund LH, Benson L, Dahlström U, Edner M. Association between use ofrenin- angiotensin system antagonists and mortality in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. JAMA 2012; 308: 2108-17. 22. Bangalore S, Steg G, Deedwania P, et al. β-Blocker use and clinical outcomes in stable outpatients with and without coronary artery disease. JAMA 2012; 308: 1340-9. 23. Andersson C, Lyngbæk S, Nguyen CD, et al. Association of clopidogrel treatment with risk of mortality and cardiovascular events following myocardial infarction in patients with and without diabetes. JAMA 2012; 308: 882-9. 24. Pasternak B, Svanström H, Mølgaard-Nielsen D, et al. Risk of adverse fetal outcomes following administration of a pandemic influenza A(H1N1) vaccine during pregnancy. JAMA 2012; 308: 165-74. 25. Sheets NC, Goldin GH, Meyer AM, et al. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy, proton therapy, or conformal radiation therapy and morbidity and disease control in localized prostate cancer. JAMA 2012; 307: 1611-20. 26. Galvagno SM Jr, Haut ER, Zafar SN, et al. Association between helicopter vs ground emergency medical services and survival for adults with major trauma. JAMA 2012; 307: 1602-10. 27. Zhu J, Sharma DB, Gray SW, Chen AB, Weeks JC, Schrag D. Carboplatin and paclitaxel with vs without bevacizumab in older patients with advanced non- small cell lung cancer. JAMA 2012; 307: 1593-601. 28. Wahbi K, Meune C, Porcher R, et al. Electrophysiological study with prophylactic pacing and survival in adults with myotonic dystrophy and conduction system disease. JAMA 2012; 307: 1292-301. 29. Grijalva CG, Chen L, Delzell E, et al. Initiation of tumor necrosis factor-α antagonists and the risk of hospitalization for infection in patients with autoimmune diseases. JAMA 2011; 306: 2331-9. 30. Noah MA, Peek GJ, Finney SJ, et al. Referral to an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation center and mortality among patients with severe 2009 influenza A(H1N1). JAMA 2011; 306: 1659-68. 31. Maciejewski ML, Livingston EH, Smith VA, et al. Survival among high-risk patients after bariatric surgery. JAMA 2011; 305: 2419-26. 32. Chan PS, Krumholz HM, Spertus JA, et al. Automated external defibrillators and survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest. JAMA 2010; 304: 2129-36. 33. Patorno E, Bohn RL, Wahl PM, et al. Anticonvulsant medications and the risk of suicide, attempted suicide, or violent death. JAMA 2010; 303: 1401-9. 34. Tsai TT, Maddox TM, Roe MT, et al. Contraindicated medication use in dialysis patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. JAMA 2009; 302: 2458-64. 35. Wald R, Quinn RR, Luo J, et al. Chronic dialysis and death among survivors of acute kidney injury requiring dialysis. JAMA 2009; 302: 1179-85. 36. Herzig SJ, Howell MD, Ngo LH, Marcantonio ER. Acid-suppressive medication use and the risk for hospital-acquired pneumonia. JAMA 2009; 301: 2120-8. 37. Stukel TA, Fisher ES, Wennberg DE, Alter DA, Gottlieb DJ, Vermeulen MJ. Analysis of observational studies in the presence of treatment selection bias: effects of invasive cardiac management on AMI survival using propensity score and instrumental variable methods. JAMA 2007; 297: 278-85. 38. Lindenauer PK, Pekow P, Wang K, Gutierrez B, Benjamin EM. Lipid-lowering therapy and in-hospital mortality following major noncardiac surgery. JAMA 2004; 291: 2092-9. 39. Grzybowski M, Clements EA, Parsons L, et al. Mortality benefit of immediate revascularization of acute ST-segmen televation myocardial infarction in patients with contraindications to thrombolytic therapy: a propensity analysis. JAMA 2003; 290: 1891-8. 40. Vincent JL, Baron JF, Reinhart K, et al. Anemia and blood transfusion in critically ill patients. JAMA 2002; 288: 1499-507. 41. Welch RD, Zalenski RJ, Frederick PD, et al. Prognostic value of a normal or nonspecific initial electrocardiogram in acute myocardial infarction. JAMA 2001; 286: 1977-84. 42. Gum PA, Thamilarasan M, Watanabe J, Blackstone EH, Lauer MS. Aspirin use and all-cause mortality among patients being evaluated for known or suspected coronary artery disease: A propensity analysis. JAMA 2001; 286: 1187-94. 43. Nakahara S, Tomio J, Takahashi H, et al. Evaluation of pre-hospital administration of adrenaline (epinephrine) by emergency medical services for patients with out of hospital cardiac arrest in Japan: controlled propensity matched retrospective cohort study. BMJ 2013; 347: f6829. 44. Kendal AR, Prieto-Alhambra D, Arden NK, Carr A, Judge A. Mortality rates at 10years after metal-on-metal hip resurfacing compared with total hip replacement in England: retrospective cohort analysis of hospital episode statistics. BMJ 2013; 347: f6549. 45. Ravi B, Croxford R, Austin PC, et al. The relation between total joint arthroplasty and risk for serious cardiovascular events in patients with moderate-severe osteoarthritis: propensity score matched landmark analysis. BMJ 2013; 347: f6187. 46. Thomas KH, Martin RM, Davies NM, Metcalfe C, Windmeijer F, Gunnell D. Smoking cessation treatment and risk of depression, suicide, and self harm in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2013; 347: f5704. 47. James MT, Tonelli M, Ghali WA, et al. Renal outcomes associated with invasive versus conservative management of acute coronary syndrome: propensity matched cohort study. BMJ 2013; 347: f4151. 48. Janson C, Larsson K, Lisspers KH, et al. Pneumonia and pneumonia related mortality in patients with COPD treated with fixed combinations of inhaled corticosteroid and long acting β2agonist: observational matched cohort study (PATHOS). BMJ 2013; 346: f3306. 49. Svanström H, Pasternak B, Hviid A. Use of varenicline for smoking cessation and risk of serious cardiovascular events: nationwide cohort study. BMJ 2012; 345: e7176. 50. Grosse-Sundrup M, Henneman JP, Sandberg WS, et al. Intermediate acting non- depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents and risk of postoperative respiratory complications: prospective propensity score matched cohort study. BMJ 2012; 345: e6329. 51. Mackenzie IS, Macdonald TM, Thompson A, Morant S, Wei L. Spironolactone and risk of incident breast cancer in women older than 55 years: retrospective, matched cohort study. BMJ 2012; 345: e4447. 52. Wijeysundera DN, Beattie WS, Karkouti K, Neuman MD, Austin PC, Laupacis A. Association of echocardiography before major elective non-cardiac surgery with postoperative survival and length of hospital stay: population based cohort study. BMJ 2011; 342: d3695. 53. Charlot M, Grove EL, Hansen PR, et al. Proton pump inhibitor use and risk of adverse cardiovascular events in aspirin treated patients with first time myocardial infarction: nationwide propensity score matched study. BMJ 2011; 342: d2690. 54. Shuhaiber JH, Hur K, Gibbons R. The influence of preoperative use of ventricular assist devices on survival after heart transplantation: propensity score matched analysis. BMJ 2010; 340: c392. 55. Wijeysundera DN, Beattie WS, Austin PC, Hux JE, Laupacis A. Non-invasive cardiac stress testing before elective major non-cardiac surgery: population based cohort study. BMJ 2010; 340: b5526.