Prison Bowl IV Questions written and edited by Hunter College High School (Mehnaj Ahmed, Lily Chen, York Chen, William Dou, Jason Gurevitch, Matthew Gurevitch, Willie Ha, Sarah Hamerling, Sophey Ho, Cheyenne Hua, Paul Moschetti, Tenzin Norzin, Charles Pan, Naomi Sweeting, David Xu, Richard Yu, Marianna Zhang, Zihan Zheng), George Berry, Tony Cheng, and Auroni Gupta.
Round 12 – Tossups
1. The Cayley-Dickson construction extends the set of these entities to the quaternions and octonions, and the Gaussian integers are a subset of them. Their algebraic closure is a consequence of the fundamental theorem of algebra. Uniquely determined by their absolute value and argument, they can be plotted on an Argand diagram. When expressed in polar form as "r cis theta," they can be multiplied using de Moivre's identity. Each of these numbers has a conjugate, found by reversing the sign of its imaginary part. For 10 points, name these numbers of the form a+bi. ANSWER: complex numbers [prompt on C; do not accept "imaginary numbers"]
2. In this work, Prince Uziakin imprisons the protagonist for forging a will, and another character is described as bearlike and owns furniture that resembles himself. The protagonist is accused first of being Napoleon, and then the one-armed, one-legged Captain Kopeikin, and bets the title items with the gambler Nozdrev. In this novel, Petrushka and Selifan aid the protagonist, a traveling salesman, in his dealings with the landowners Sobakevitch and Manilov. Set in 19th century Russia, the title entities mean status for Pavel Chichikov. For 10 points, name this novel by Nikolai Gogol. ANSWER: Dead Souls or Mertvye Dushi
3. This man opposed the adoption of the sumptuary laws, and stated that spatial depth is by itself invisible in one essay. He countered Shaftesbury and other philosophers in the Alciphron, criticized Newton's philosophy in The Analyst, and put forth his theories of motion in De Motu. This man wrote the aforementioned Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision, and also coined the phrase “Esse et percipi,” or "to be is to be perceived." For 10 points, name this Irish philosopher of Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous. ANSWER: George Berkeley
4. In retaliation for this event, a Moroccan waiter was murdered in the Lillehammer affair. During this event, 6 armed police abandoned an ambush aboard a Boeing 727, leaving only five poorly-equipped snipers to fight after the prisoner transfer to a NATO airbase. The group behind this event was also responsible for the hijacking of Sabena 571, and was supported by Fatah. That group was Black September. The first two victims of this event were a wrestling coach and a weightlifter. For 10 points, name this event in a Bavarian city that saw the killing of a policeman and 11 Israeli athletes during the 1972 Olympic Games. ANSWER: Munich massacre [accept clear-knowledge equivalents mentioning the city of Munich such as Munich Olympics; accept “massacre at the Olympics” or equivalent before giveaway]
5. Positional types of these effects result from competition between actors that leads to inefficiency, such as conspicuous consumption. They can be offset by bargaining and well-defined property rights instead of by government regulation, according to the Coase theorem. Positive types of these give rise to the free rider problem and negative types may be countered by levying Pigovian taxes, such as a “carbon tax.” Common examples of these economic effects include public parks and industrial pollution. By definition, they affect a third party who did not take part in the causative transaction. For 10 points, name these extra costs or benefits not accounted for by prices. ANSWER: externalities or spillovers [accept word forms]
6. This artist depicted the title figure pulling back a red curtain to reveal a man holding a bent cherry tree next to a boy with an axe in Parson Weems’ Fable. Another work of his shows a bird’s eye view of a tall white church steeple passed by the title figure on horseback. He painted three women, one with a teacup, standing in front of a reproduction of Emanuel Leutze’s Washington Crossing the Delaware. In addition to The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere and Daughters of the Revolution, he painted a portrait of his sister and his pitchfork-wielding dentist. For 10 points, name this American regionalist painter of American Gothic. ANSWER: Grant Wood
8. Following the Supreme Court case regarding this event, the defendants sang the Marseillaise before being executed. Samuel Fielden was speaking when this incident started. One man indicted for this event shouted "The time will come when our silence will be more powerful than the voices you strangle today!” and prosecutors indicted eight people for inciting this event. Police officer Mathias Degan was killed during this event, which inspired the creation of May Day. August Spies was among the anarchists hanged after this event. For 10 points, name this 1886 event in which a pipe bomb was thrown into a Chicago labor rally at the namesake location. ANSWER: Haymarket Square massacre or riot
9. This author wrote about Ludi Kroch, Helen Shaw's first love interest, in The Lying Days, and about Izak and Jacobus trying to find work at the Indian Store instead of working for the title character Mehring in The Conservationist. In another novel by this author, Bernard Chabalier has an affair with Baasie's childhood friend, the title character Rosa. Her most famous work sees the title black servant help Maureen Smale's family after they are forced to leave Johannesburg. For 10 points, name this South African author of Burger's Daughter and July's People. ANSWER: Nadine Gordimer
10. In one work by this composer, Jules and Yvonne are friends of Dot, the title pointillist’s mistress. In another work, Madame Armfeldt hosts a party and Desiree sings "Send in the Clowns." This creator of the Sunday in the Park with George and A Little Night Music also imagined a rendezvous in the title location between Jack, Rapunzel, and Little Red Ridinghood, among others. He composed a musical in which Judge Turpin sentences Benjamin Barker to 15 years of transportation after which he returns as the title "Demon Barber." For 10 points, name this composer of Into the Woods and Sweeney Todd. ANSWER: Stephen Sondheim
11. Mark Mangino, the head coach of this school’s football team, was fired after the 2009 season following allegations that he had abused his players. A year earlier, this school’s men’s basketball and football teams went a combined 49-4. Notable alums of this school’s basketball program include Kirk Hinrich, Paul Pierce, and Wilt Chamberlain. This school’s basketball program has the second most wins and won the 2008 NCAA men’s basketball championship. For 10 points, name this school with an intense rivalry with the Missouri Tigers dubbed the “Border War,” whose teams are nicknamed the Jayhawks. ANSWER: University of Kansas
12. The Auger effect results in the emission of one of these entities, whose magnetic dipole moment is the Bohr magneton. An exciton is composed of a hole and one of these particles, whose deceleration causes Bremsstrahlung. Captured into the nucleus in one form of radioactive decay, they are emitted along with protons and antineutrinos in beta-minus decay. Their charge was measured by Millikan in the oil drop experiment, and their antiparticle is the positron. For 10 points, name these negatively charged elementary particles. ANSWER: electrons
13. This author created a character who dies in a miscarriage caused by drinking, after being beaten by Jim Blakeston. One work by this author sees the Polish miner Kosti befriend a character who is in love with, but ultimately does not marry, Isabel Bradley. This author of Liza of Lambeth and creator of Larry Darrell in The Razor's Edge wrote a novel in which Sally, Thorpe Athelny's sister, marries the club-footed Philip Carey. He wrote a novel based on the life of Paul Gauguin, in which Charles Strickland moves to Tahiti. For 10 points, name this author of Of Human Bondage and The Moon and Sixpence. ANSWER: William Somerset Maugham
15. This group was defeated by the Ming loyalist Koxinga (“KO-sing-a”), who then formed the Kingdom of Tungning on Formosa. Its administration was divided into six chambers, whose leaders were the Lords Seventeen. It was said to have "perished by corruption," a pun in its native language. In its "golden age," this group was aided by Kandy in its conquest of Colombo, and controlled the artificial island of Dejima. It was eventually nationalized by the Batavian Republic, and was the first joint-stock company in the world. For 10 points, name this spice-trading Dutch company that controlled much of modern-day Southeast Asia. ANSWER: Dutch East India Company or Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie
16. One reaction of this type uses oxalyl chloride and DMSO, and another uses mCPBA to convert ketones to esters. PCC is used in some reactions of this type, examples of which include the Swern and Baeyer-Villiger reactions. This type of reaction cannot happen to a tertiary alcohol, but can convert a primary alcohol to an aldehyde or a secondary alcohol to a ketone. Half-reactions describing this process include electrons on the right-hand side. It is defined as the loss of electrons or an increase in its namesake state. For 10 points, name this type of reaction often paired with a reduction reaction. ANSWER: oxidation reaction [do not accept "redox reaction" or "oxidation-reduction reaction"]
17. A composition of this musical form by Liszt was entitled "While dreaming." Mozart's K.286 in D major was one of these pieces for four orchestras, while Schubert's Piano Trio Opus 148 in E-flat, marked "Adagio," is an example of this form. Other examples include Debussy's "Clouds," "Festivals," and "Sirens", while this musical form was pioneered by John Field. Often featuring a melody over an arpeggiated accompaniment and usually written for solo piano, 21 of these compositions were written by Chopin. For 10 points, name this form of musical composition evocative of the night. ANSWER: nocturnes or notturno
18. This author asserted in one work that "it's always ourselves we find in the sea" and created a character described as “being to all intents / a corpse.” This author of "maggie and milly and molly and may" also created a character who refuses to kiss a flag in the poem "i sing of Olaf glad and big." Another of his poems has a character who "sang his didn't" and "danced his did." For 10 points, name this poet of "anyone lived in a pretty how town" known for his lack of capitalization. ANSWER: Edward Estlin Cummings
19. This nation’s capital was built by Siegfried I, and it was returned to Hapsburg rule by the Treaty of Ryswick after the Nine Years’ War. A crisis over this nation in 1867 almost led to war, and this country was ruled by the House of Orange until 1890. Known as the Gibraltar of the North, this nation’s fortifications were improved upon by Vauban under Louis XIV. It is ruled by Grand Dukes of the House of Nassau and draws most of its wealth from banking. For 10 points, name this member of the Benelux, a small nation south of Belgium. ANSWER: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
20. This island's Gunung Mulu National Park contains distinct karst formations and the largest underground chamber in the world. This area was used as a source of dragon's blood or mercury by Chinese merchants. It is home to Kinabalu National Park, which is located in its Crocker Range. Bordering the Sulu Sea to the northeast and the Java Sea to the South, it is separated by the Makassar Strait from the island of Sulawesi. This island is divided into seven ecoregions, and the burning of the peat swamp forests here has made Indonesia the third-largest CO2 emitter in the world. For 10 points, name this third-largest island in the world that contains Brunei and part of Malaysia. ANSWER: Borneo
1. Forced to take the Long Walk to Bosque Redondo, their ancient enemies were the Anasazi. For 10 points each: [10] Name this Native American tribe located primarily in northern Arizona and the Four Corners. Bilingual members of this tribe were used by the Marine Corps in World War II as code talkers. ANSWER: Navajo or Diné [10] This closely related group is also called "enemy" in Navajo. It is divided into subgroups such as the Chiricahua, Mescalero, and Kiowa, and many fought a series of namesake wars with the United States. ANSWER: Apache [10] This Chiricahua Apache leader surrendered to Nelson Miles at Skeleton Canyon. He is best known by his nickname, an appeal to a certain saint made by Mexican soldiers who fought him. ANSWER: Geronimo or Goyaale or Goyahkla
2. His works include a String Octet in E flat. For 10 points each: [10] Name this composer of the Hebrides Overture, as well as the Scottish and Italian Symphonies. ANSWER: Felix Mendelssohn [10] Written in sonata form, this Mendelssohn piece was composed as incidental music for a Shakespeare play of the same name. It includes Mendelssohn’s famous "Wedding March." ANSWER: A Midsummer Night's Dream [10] Mendelssohn's Symphony No. 1 in C minor was influenced by this German who composed an opera where Kaspar persuades Max to use magic bullets to win a shooting contest and marry Agatha, Der Freischutz. ANSWER: Carl Maria von Weber [do not accept “Webern”]
3. The Man with Black Eye Patch hopes that humanity has learned a lesson after the epidemic vanishes. For 10 points each: [10] Name this novel in which a man at a traffic stop is the first to be afflicted with the title condition. During the resulting social breakdown, the Girl with Dark Glasses tells the Doctor's Wife that she is beautiful. ANSWER: Essay on Blindness or Ensaio sobre a cegueira [10] This Portuguese author of The Year of the Death of Ricardo Reis and The Gospel According to Jesus Christ wrote Blindness. ANSWER: José de Sousa Saramago [10] This Portuguese epic by Luiz vaz de Camões consists of ten cantos detailing the voyages of Vasco da Gama, who escapes Calicut with the help of Monsayeed and arrives on the Isle of Love. ANSWER: The Lusiads or Os Lusíadas
4. Green chemistry is the study of environmentally-friendly chemical methods. For 10 points each: [10] These compounds often used as radical initiators are also used as clean oxidizing agents in green chemistry. They are characterized by an oxygen-oxygen single bond, and have oxygen atoms in the -1 oxidation state. ANSWER: peroxides [10] The supercritical form of this substance is used as a green solvent, to decaffeinate coffee beans, and to replace organic solvents in dry-cleaning. It is a gas at STP and forms dry ice in the solid phase. ANSWER: carbon dioxide or CO2 [10] The "crown" type of these organic compounds are used in phase-transfer catalysis to reduce organic waste. They contain an oxygen atom single-bonded to two carbon atoms, and the diethyl type was used as an anesthetic. ANSWER: ethers
5. Name these ancient Chinese philosophies, for 10 points each: [10] Notably adopted by Qin Shi Huang, this philosophy argues that the state always comes before the individual. According to this philosophy, people are intrinsically evil and law is required to keep them in check. ANSWER: Legalism [10] Unlike Legalism, this philosophy advocates that all people are intrinsically good. Filial piety, li, ren, and the seven relationships are core to this philosophy whose founder's teachings are collected in The Analects. ANSWER: Confucianism [10] This philosophy argued that Confucian rituals are too complicated and time-wasting. Its fundamental concept is universal love to everyone: strangers, friends and family alike. ANSWER: Mohism
7. This country carried out the Pokhran I nuclear test in Operation Smiling Buddha. For 10 points each: [10] Name this nuclear power outside of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, one of three such countries along with its rival Pakistan, whose first nuclear test was carried out on the orders of Indira Gandhi. ANSWER: Republic of India [10] This country performed its first nuclear test at Lop Nur, and later aided Pakistan in its nuclear program. The Cox Report accused it of stealing American weapons designs. ANSWER: People's Republic of China [10] After the fall of the Soviet Union, this ex-Soviet country held the third-largest nuclear stockpile in the world, all of which was dismantled by 1996, ten years after a disastrous nuclear meltdown at Chernobyl. ANSWER: Ukraine
8. This planet’s prominent rings were studied by the Huygens probe and are separated by dark gaps named for Cassini. For 10 points each: [10] Name the sixth planet from the Sun, the second-largest in the solar system. ANSWER: Saturn [10] This largest moon of Saturn, possibly home to extraterrestrial life, has liquid hydrocarbon lakes at its poles and features the densest atmosphere of any known moon. ANSWER: Titan [10] This high-albedo, geologically active moon of Saturn orbits inside the E ring and is covered with water ice, possibly indicating the presence of a subsurface ocean of liquid water. ANSWER: Enceladus
9. Name some things about the geography of a country nicknamed "America's Hat." For 10 points each: [10] This region in Canada forms the center of the North American craton, also known as Laurentia. It covers over half of Canada's land area, and its bedrock is largely Precambrian. ANSWER: Canadian Shield [10] The Canadian Shield encircles this body of water, named for a British explorer who died on it after a mutiny abroad the Half Moon. ANSWER: Hudson Bay [10] This largest island in Canada is the fifth largest island in the world and lies north of the Hudson Bay. Its largest settlement is Iqaluit, the capital of autonomous province of Nunavut. ANSWER: Baffin Island
10. In this poem the title character "silently rowed to the Charleston shore" with "muffled oar." For 10 points each: [10] Name this poem which includes the line "One if by land, and two if by sea," written about a Revolutionary war hero's legendary ride. ANSWER: “Paul Revere's Ride” [10] This man wrote "Paul Revere's Ride," as well as a poem about the title character and his lover Minnehaha, "The Song of Hiawatha." ANSWER: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow [10] In this epic Longfellow poem subtitled "A Tale of Acadie," the title character is separated from Gabriel Lajeunesse as a result of the Great Upheaval of the Acadians in Nova Scotia. ANSWER: Evangeline: A Tale of Acadie
12. Answer the following about some film directors, for 10 points each: [10] This “born liar” and influential Italian filmmaker wrote Rome, Open City and directed Satyricon, as well as La Dolce Vita. ANSWER: Federico Fellini [10] This American director of The Conversation also directed Apocalypse Now, featuring an overweight Marlon Brando. ANSWER: Francis Ford Coppola [10] Coppola is best-known for this film based on the novel of the same name by Mario Puzo. The final scene juxtaposes the baptism of Michael Corleone’s nephew with the murder of Moe Greene and the other dons. ANSWER: The Godfather
13. Answer the following about the history of Ireland, for 10 points each: [10] Ireland experienced this period of mass starvation in the 1850s due to blight afflicting a major staple. ANSWER: Irish/Great Potato Famine [accept clear-knowledge equivalents] [10] This other event in Irish history saw an uprising against British rule on the namesake holiday. It was led by Patrick Pearse, James Connolly, and the Irish Republican Brotherhood in 1916. ANSWER: Easter Rising [10] Many members of this group took part in the Easter Rising and proclaimed an Irish national parliament. This group later supported the Irish Republican Army in its war for independence. ANSWER: Sinn Fein (“shin fayn”)
14. Answer the following about asexual reproduction, for 10 points each: [10] This form of reproduction is practiced by yeast and hydras. In this process, the smaller offspring first grows on the parent organism, then breaks away when it is mature. ANSWER: budding [10] These structures produced through meiosis are dispersed by plants and fungi in the diploid phase of the alternation of generations. They give rise to gametophytes and differ from seeds in that they have very few stored nutrients. ANSWER: spores [10] In this form of asexual reproduction, an embryo develops from an unfertilized egg, without the need for a male. It occurs in aphids, water fleas, and some lizards, including Komodo dragons. ANSWER: parthenogenesis
15. In this play, a man named Nepommuck speaks 32 languages. For 10 points each: [10] Name this play in which Henry Higgins makes a bet with Colonel Higgins about teaching Eliza Doolittle how to speak properly. ANSWER: Pygmalion [10] This Irish author of Pygmalion and Arms and the Man also wrote about Lady Britomart and Andrew Undershaft in Major Barbara. ANSWER: George Bernard Shaw [10] In this play by George Bernard Shaw, Frank Gardner invites one character to go to Vienna with him. Vivie discovers that her mother, the title character, runs a brothel. ANSWER: Mrs. Warren's Profession
17. Answer the following about the Ku Klux Klan, for 10 points each. [10] This Confederate general, known as the Wizard of the Saddle, became the first head of the KKK. ANSWER: Nathan Bedford Forrest [10] This 1915 film by D.W. Griffith dramatized the foundation of the Ku Klux Klan and was the first film to be aired in the White House. ANSWER: Birth of a Nation [10] Prior to the Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871, these acts passed under the Grant Administration were aimed at suppressing the KKK, and led to the formation of paramilitary groups such as the White League and Redshirts. ANSWER: Force Acts
18. The kinetic type is given by "one-half m v squared." For 10 points each: [10] Name this conserved scalar quantity measured in joules, which is transferred from one system to another when work is done. ANSWER: energy [10] According to Noether's theorem, energy conservation is a result of symmetry in this quantity. Impulse is the integral of force with respect to this quantity, which is combined with the three spatial dimensions in four- dimensional Minkowski space. ANSWER: time [10] This quantity is defined as a system's kinetic energy minus its potential energy. Its Legendre transform is the Hamiltonian and its time integral is action. ANSWER: Lagrangian [prompt on L]
19. A tetralogy by Laurence Durrell is set in this country. For 10 points each: [10] Name this country whose works include one about a Mamluk ruler, The Sultan's Dilemma by Tawfiq el-Hakim, and another novel which includes characters like Kirsha, a pedophilic cafe owner. ANSWER: Egypt [10] This author of Midaq Alley also wrote Palace of Desire and a novel set at the end of World War I about al- Sayyid Ahmad's family, Palace Walk. ANSWER: Naguib Mahfouz [10] Palace Walk is part of this series by Mahfouz. It includes a novel titled Sugar Street, named after a street in this series’s namesake Egyptian city. ANSWER: Cairo Trilogy
20. Answer some questions about a religion, for 10 points each: [10] This religion is based on the Flower Sermon and was founded by Bodhidharma. One of its major texts, The Gateless Gate, contains 48 nonsensical dialogues called koans, which discuss such conundrums as the sound of one hand clapping. ANSWER: Zen or Chan Buddhism [10] Zen is a sect of this East Asian branch of Buddhism. Its name means "Great Vehicle" and one of its central texts is the Lotus Sutra. Its central tenet is the role of the benevolent bodhisattva. ANSWER: Mahayana Buddhism [10] This sect of Mahayana Buddhism is based on tantras, and its name means "Diamond Vehicle." Its doctrines strongly influenced Tibetan Buddhism. ANSWER: Vajrayana or Esoteric Buddhism