Science the Cell

THE CELL

An Ex-CELL-ent Life-building and Life-learning Experience!

Team E Science Mrs. P 1 February 2008

NAME: ______

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRO…………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………..…..3

CALENDAR…………………………………………………………… …………………………………………4

CELL CARD DIRECTIONS ………………………………………. ………………………………..…5

BOX DIRECTIONS and IDEAS…………. ………………………………………………………6-7

BOX RUBRICS……………………………………………………………… ………………………………8-9 2 REVIEW ………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………10-12

JOURNAL #12………………………………………………………………………… ………………...... 13

CELL CARD MATERIALS…………………………………………………………… ………14-20

INTRODUCTION

Since we’ve had the chance to discuss where the universe and life came from as well as the basic “uh-duh’s” of the cell, we can finally get down to work and actually begin to study that building block (a.k.a. box!) that we’ve been talking about.

Let’s study THE CELL!

The first major questions in our cell unit are:

. What is the structure and function of the organelles of the cell?

. What are the differences between plant and animal cells? 3 . How are cells organized to make multi-cellular organisms?

To accomplish an understanding of the answers to these questions we are going to…

 Create study cards that illustrate the structure and function of 18 major cell organelles.  Create a study card that describes THREE main differences between plant and animal cells.  Create a study card that diagrams how cells are organized to make multi-cellular organisms.  Build our own building “box” of life models with materials that demonstrate we understand the structure and function of 18 major organelles of the cell.  Do a journal that makes us think a little deeper about the structure and function of cells.  Practice 2x’s for a quiz!  Take a quiz!

PLEASE NOTE: The following website will be a special aid in the work we do to accomplish the above tasks. Please explore it on your own…there are games, puzzles, and several interactive links that will help you become ONE WITH THE CELL (which you already kind of are because you’re made of cells!)

www.cellsalive.com

Calendar of Events

4 DATE ACTIVITY/ASSIGNMENT

Thursday 2/7 Intro to Unit, Start ID’ing organelles (1) HW: Study ID’d organelles

Friday 2/8 Finish ID’ing organelles (2) HW: Study ID’d organelles

Monday 2/11 Assemble organelle cards, do extra cards (Plant vs. Animal, Multi org.) and HW: Study cards, do review quiz I (due WED), final cards (due Tuesday 2/12 (3,4) THURS)

Start planning session for boxes, Wednesday 2/13 Review quiz I due/go over (1) HW: Study cards – make sure they are in “hand-in” condition for tomorrow, bring in cell box materials

Thursday 2/14 Collect and check cards, begin work on Boxes of Life (2) HW: Study cards, bring in cell box materials

Friday 2/15 MR. GILBERT’S MOVIE DAY! (3)

Monday 2/25 – Assign review quiz II (due on WED 2/27), Wednesday 2/27 Work on boxes (due on WED 2/27) (4-2) HW: Do review quiz II (due WED), Study cards, bring in cell box materials

Thursday 2/28 Work on Journal #12 (due MON 3/3) and list of box organelles and explanations typed up (due at END of period) Friday 2/29 (3, 4) HW: Study cards, do Journal #12 (due MON)

Review day – go over quiz Monday 3/3 (1) Journal #12 due (share jnl 12) HW: Study cards for quiz TOMORROW!

Tuesday 3/4 (2) Quiz on organelles, plant vs. animal, multi-cell org. organization

Wednesday 3/5 Box of Life Presentations! And Begin Microscope Work (?) Thursday 3/6 (3,4) 5 CELL CARD DIRECTIONS STEP ONE.

Make 2 general reference cards that will have pictures of the plant and animal cells on one side and the list of corresponding organelles on the other side. Pages 14-15 have the information that you will need to correctly match, cut out, and arrange on each card. These cards will look like the following pictures.

FRONT BACK

STEP TWO. You will make 18 organelle cards that include the name, appearance, and function of the organelles. Pages 16- 20 have the information that you will need to correctly match, cut out, and arrange on each card. Use the interactive cell models on www.cellsalive.com to help you correctly match the organelle pictures and functions. Each card will look like the following pictures.

FRONT BACK STEP THREE.

You will make 2 “special” info cards. One will outline the three main differences between plant and animal cells. The other will outline how cells are “organized” into multi-cellular organisms. Mrs. P will work directly help you in making these cards these cards. STEP FOUR. USE your cards! Study them! Get a study partner or use them solo! Pages 10-12 of this packet contain some practice pages to help you put to work what you learn from your cards. You will also be given two taken-home practice quizzes to practice with before the actual in-class quiz.

Directions and Ideas for your “Building Box of Life” Project

6 There are MANY different things you can use to represent the organelles in your “Building Box of Life.” Most of the items that you could use or make are found in your home! There is no need to go out and buy materials unless there is something special you need or something regular that you just don’t have at home! But remember, you’ve got a partner in this construction project…so between the two of you, someone has got to have the right stuff!

1. Here’s idea for your own play-doh (you can make models of organelles out of it!)…

Play-doh recipe: This makes about 850g (30oz)

 1 C soda (salt for baking)  1 C flour  1 C corn starch  4 t cream of tarter  2 T oil  1-3/4 C water

2. Here are some ideas for materials for cell parts…but try not to depend upon this list! Think outside of the box (i.e. the “typical way of thinking” box, silly!)

1. Cytoplasm -- play-doh (plain - approx. 260g or 8oz)* 2. Endoplasmic reticulum -- yarn or cooked spaghetti 3. Ribosomes -- pepper 4. Mitochondria -- play-doh (purple - approx. 7g)** 5. Vacuole -- plastic-bubble packing 6. Lysosome -- play-doh (red - approx. 5g) 7. Chloroplasts -- play-doh (green - approx. 10g) 8. Cell wall -- aluminum foil (approx. 12" X 7") 9. Cell membrane -- plastic wrap (approx. 12" X 16") 10.Nucleus -- play-doh (blue - approx. 20g) 11.Nuclear membrane -- plastic wrap (approx. 3"X6") 12.Chromosomes -- pencil shavings

3. Here’s a website that has pictures of student cell models!

http://www.edu.pe.ca/gray/class_pages/rcfleming/cells/demos.htm

4. Why not investigate other websites? Or, even talk to your family and friends about ideas? Science is ALL about sharing your thoughts and hypotheses. SO, SHARE! (Most importantly, don’t forget that you HAVE TO share your ideas with your “cellular partner!”)

IMPORTANT: Each partner needs to take responsibility for a portion of the project. To ensure this responsibility happens, it is highly suggested that one person builds the plant box and the other builds the animal box. If you have a group of three (or you’re a really enthusiastic group of two), please see Mrs. P for an alternative box project!

PLANNING SHEET FOR BUILDING BOX OF LIFE

7 Organelle Material(s) Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Cytoskeleton

Nucleus

Chromosomes/DNA

Nucleolus

Nuclear Membrane

Rough ER

Ribosomes

Smooth ER

Mitochondria

Golgi Apparatus

Plant Animal Vacuoles

Lysosome

Peroxisome

Centrioles (not plant)

Cell Wall (not animal)

Chloroplasts (not animal)

PARTNER(S): ______

Email/Phone#(s): ______

TEAMWORK RUBRIC 8 PROJECT/LESSON:

TEAM NAME:

TEAM MEMBERS:

GRADE and REASONING TEAMWORK Rate yourselves AS A GROUP on a scale of 1 (poor) to 5 CHARACTERIS (excellent). Half points are allowable. Give a reason or TIC evidence for why you deserve the grade you have assigned to yourselves.

COMMUNICATION How well did you communicate knowledge and needs with one another?

COOPERATION How well did you work together to get the job done?

RESPONSIBILITY Did everyone individually do their share?

RESPECT Did everyone value each other’s responses and effort?

TOTAL GRADE 9 (out of 20)

10 11 Cell Organelle Summary Review Sheet

DIRECTIONS: Use this sheet to organize your thoughts about each organelle’s structure and function!

Organelle Picture Location Function Cell Type

1. Cell Membrane

2. Cytoplasm

3. Cytoskeleton

4. Nucleus

5. Chromosomes or DNA

6. Nuclear Membrane

7. Nucleolus

8. Rough ER

9. Ribosomes

12 10.Smooth ER

11.Mitochondria

12.Golgi Body

13.Vacuole

14.Lysosome

15.Peroxisome

16.Centrioles

17.Cell Wall

18.Cholorplast

13 Plant vs. Animal Cells and Multi-cellular Organism Organization Summary Review Sheet

DIRECTIONS: Use this sheet to organize your thoughts about the differences between plant and animal cells as well as how multi-cellular organisms are “organized.”

Fill in the table with the information behind the THREE major organelles differences that plant cells have compared to animal cells.

ORGANELLE Why plants have it and animals cells don’t

Fill in the spaces between the arrows to show how cells are organized into multi-cellular organisms.

Journal Entry #12 DUE ON 3/3 14 Wrappin’ up The Cell February 2008

Now that we have explored the organelles of the cell, it is time to think a little deeper and extend some of our new cellular knowledge. This is also a great way to review for the quiz!

1) Identify which organelle or organelles that you learned about would be BEST at helping the cell deal with the following situations. Explain why you selected the organelle(s) that you did. Look to your Cell Study Cards for help!

a) A plant cell has been going through the process of photosynthesis. Which organelle would be responsible for capturing the sun energy needed for the plant to make food energy? Which organelle would be responsible for breaking down the excess hydrogen peroxide that gets produced in the cell as a result of photosynthesis?

b) The muscle cells in a man’s arms are being used to lift weights at the gym. What organelle would be in charge of creating the energy to make this possible?

c) An animal cell is getting ready to divide and make more cells. Which organelle would help to organize and separate the genetic material for each of the cells that are going to be made?

d) The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum in a cell is producing lots of protein. It packages it into vesicles that will transport the protein to another part of the cell to be processed. What organelle of the cell will receive the protein for further modifications and packaging?

e) A cell needs to repair its cell membrane by replacing some of the lipids and proteins in it. Which organelle would be in charge of processing the materials for making this possible?

2) Create your OWN organelle. Think about all the organelles that you learned about and what they do for the cell. Are any of the life processes not fully covered by the organelles? Is there something special that you would like cells to be able to do?

 Draw your organelle.  Describe where in the cell you can find it.  Explain its function and why you thought that it was important that cells have this additional organelle.

3) Research ONE of the following words or topics. Write a short paragraph that explains the meaning of the word or topic you selected and its connection to our recent “learnings” about the cell. CITE WHERE YOU GOT YOUR INFORMATION FROM!

 Phagocytosis  Autolysis  How Cells Communicate  The Fact that Mitochondria and Chloroplasts contain their very own DNA! The Lipid Bi-layer of the Cell Membrane…Hydrophillic vs. Hydrophobic PLANT CELL ORGANELLES

1. Cell Membrane 10. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER) 15 2. Cytoplasm 11. Mitochondria

3. Cytoskeleton 12. Golgi Body (w/ vesicles)

4. Nucleus 13.Vacuole

5. Chromosomes 14.Lysosome (a vesicle)

6. Nucleolus 15.Peroxisome (a vesicle)

7. Nuclear Membrane 17.Cell Wall

8. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum 18.Chloroplasts (Rough ER) 9. Ribosomes

ANIMAL CELL ORGANELLES

1. Cell Membrane 9. Ribosomes

2. Cytoplasm 10. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)

3. Cytoskeleton 11. Mitochondria

4. Nucleus 12.Golgi Body (w/ vesicles)

5. Chromosomes 13.Vacuoles

6. Nucleolus 14.Lysosome

7. Nuclear Membrane 15. Peroxisome

8. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum 16. Centrioles (Rough ER)

16 17 LIST OF ORGANELLES 14. Lysosome (a vesicle)

1. Cell Membrane 15. Peroxisome (a vesicle) 2. Cytoplasm 16. Centrioles 3. Cytoskeleton 17. Cell Wall 4. Nucleus 18. Chloroplasts 5. Chromosomes

6. Nucleolus

7. Nuclear Membrane

8. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)

9. Ribosomes

10. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)

11. Mitochondria

12. Golgi Body (w/ vesicles)

13. Vacuoles

18 ORGANELLE FUNCTIONS

 A type of vesicle (storage and transport unit)  “Doorway” for nucleus

 CHEMICALLY breaks down H2O2 (hydrogen  Controls what goes in and out of nucleus peroxide) into H2O and O2  Keeps genetic material (chromosomes) in one location  Hydrogen Peroxide is a waste product produced by within the cell some cells (e.g. plant cells produce it during  Made of two layers like the cell membrane photosynthesis and white blood cells produce it to destroy bacteria…notice that the breaking down of hydrogen peroxide is a chemical reaction involves the BREAKING of bonds between atoms!).

 Control center of cell  Gives cell shape and support  Contains genetic (i.e. hereditary) material of cell  Acts as a “doorway” to the cell - allows certain (chromosomes) that gives the cell its characteristics and materials in and out through the processes of ACTIVE tells the cell what to do TRANSPORT (transport that requires energy) and  PRESENT IN EUKARYOTES ONLY (prokaryotes PASSIVE TRANSPORT (i.e. DIFFUSION – transport are single-cellular organisms that have genetic of materials w/o energy and OSMOSIS – transport of material that is NOT enclosed by a nuclear membrane) water w/o energy)  Made of lipids (fats) and proteins produced in Smooth ER – consists of TWO layers!

 PLANT CELLS ONLY!  PLANT CELLS ONLY!  Organelle in plant cell that contains a green  Extra layer of protection around plant cell pigment/substance called chlorophyll  Gives cell shape with the help of the big water vacuole  Chlorophyll traps sun energy so that the chloroplast can  Made of cellulose (i.e. a polysaccharide) change the light energy into food energy for plant

 Makes ribosomes  Gives cell shape  Found inside nucleus  Helps cell to move  Anchors organelles  Directs the “traffic” of the cell (e.g. vesicles from Golgi body)

 Helps the rough ER make protein for the cell  Transports protein throughout the cell  Made in the nucleolus  With ribosomes, it helps in making proteins for cell  Proteins are molecules that help the cell function and know what to do

 Made of DNA (i.e Deoxyribonucleic Acid)  Made of mostly water (the water part is called the  DNA contains genetic information that tells the cell cytosol) how to function and what to do – i.e. the DNA is an  Also includes all the organelles “Information booklet” for cell  Contains the cytoskeleton that holds organelles in place

19  The information within the DNA molecules holds the  Provides cell with shape and support directions for how to make proteins for the cell; this information is interpreted by the ribosomes and rough ER

 A type of vesicle (storage and transport unit)  Helps in making and modifying (i.e. changing the form  Breaks down waste (e.g. old organelles) and bacteria in of) lipids and proteins – especially for building and cell repairing the cell membrane

 ANIMAL CELLS ONLY!  “Powerhouse” of cell – produces the energy that the  Found in the area of the cell called the centrosome cell needs to perform all of its functions… it changes  Helps organize and separate chromosomes for cell glucose (i.e. a molecule that stores the energy the division (i.e. when the cell is going to divide to make organism obtains from food or sunlight) into ATP (i.e. more of itself). a molecule that is immediately useable by the cell)  Contains microtubules that produce the spindles (i.e.  Kidney bean-shaped – inside are many folds called threads that organize and separate chromosomes cristae that allow for more glucose to be changed into during cell division) ATP  Plants cells do not have them, but do have a centrosome (i.e. spindles are still produced, and cell division still happens!)

 Modifies (i.e. changes the form of), , packages, stores,  Stores waste, food, and water in both animal and plant and ships off materials produced within the cell cells  Modifying and packaging occurs in the “body”  In a plant cell there is A VERY LARGE version of this  Storing and shipping occurs in the vesicles…these organelle in which ONLY water is stored…when it is vesicles transport the materials throughout the cell full of water, it creates turgor pressure against the cell wall and gives plant cell shape

20 21 22