Karnataka Municipal Water Energy Efficiency Project

Karnataka Municipal Water Energy Efficiency Project Karnataka Municipal Water Pumping Improvements in Six Towns Environmental Audit and Environmental Management Plan

FINAL REPORT

MAY 2008

Suhas Gaonkar Off- E-02, Phoenix Plaza,Feira Alta, Mapusa, Goa [email protected], [email protected] Ph- 91-9823510812 (m) This report has been prepared by Suhas Gaonkar, 91-832-2266145(O) with all reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms of the contract and scope of work approved with the client. This report is confidential to the client and we accept no responsibility of whatsoever nature to third parties to whom this report, or any part thereof, is made known. Any such party relies upon the report at their own risk. KARNATAKA MUNICIPAL WATER PUMPING IMPROVEMENTS IN SIX TOWNS DRAFT REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT AND PREPARING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

CONTENTS

1.1 BACKGROUND ...... 7 1.2 SCOPE OF WORK...... 8 1.3 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE PROJECT...... 8 Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development and Finance Corporation (KUIDFC)...... 9 Karnataka Urban Water Supply & Drainage Board (KUWS&DB)...... 9 Municipal Corporations /Urban Local Bodies (ULBs)...... 10 1.3 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND REVIEW PROCEDURES...... 10 1.4 LEVEL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROJECT...... 11 1.5 PROJECT DESCRIPTION...... 12 1.6 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT CITIES...... 16 SECTION A. HUBLI-DHARWAD...... 19

A-1 INTRODUCTION...... 19 A-2 CURRENT BULK WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM AND CURRENT STATUS...... 19 A-3 PROPOSED RECOMMENDATIONS AND STATUS OF IMPLEMENTATION...... 20 A-4 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING...... 22 Physiography and Soil...... 22 Climate...... 22 Water resources...... 22 Ambient Air Quality...... 22 Ecological Environment...... 23 Socio-Economic Environment...... 23 A-5 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES...... 23 Location Impacts...... 24 Impacts due technical recommendations...... 24 Implementation/ Construction Impacts...... 24 Operation and Maintenance Impacts...... 24 A-6 INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN...... 27 A-7 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS...... 27 SECTION B. BELGAUM...... 28

B-1 INTRODUCTION...... 28 B-2 OVERVIEW OF CURRENT BULK WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM...... 28 B-3 PROPOSED ENERGY EFFICIENCY RECOMMENDATIONS AT PUMPING STATIONS...... 29 B-4 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING...... 30 Physiography and Soil...... 30 Climate...... 30 Water Resources...... 30 Ambient Air Quality...... 31 Noise Environment...... 31 Ecological Environment...... 31 Socio-Economic Environment...... 31 Cultural and Historical Monuments...... 32 B-5 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES...... 32 Location Impacts...... 32 Impacts due technical recommendations...... 32 Implementation/ Construction Impacts...... 32 Operation and Maintenance Impacts...... 32

2 World Bank KARNATAKA MUNICIPAL WATER PUMPING IMPROVEMENTS IN SIX TOWNS DRAFT REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT AND PREPARING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

B-6 INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN...... 34 B-7 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS...... 35 SECTION C. GULBERGA...... 36

C-1 INTRODUCTION...... 36 C-2 OVERVIEW OF CURRENT BULK WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM...... 36 C-3 PROPOSED ENERGY EFFICIENCY RECOMMENDATIONS AT PUMPING STATIONS...... 37 C-4 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING...... 38 Physiography and Soil...... 38 Climatic Conditions...... 38 Water Resources...... 38 Ambient Air Quality...... 39 Ecological Environment...... 39 Socio-Economic Environment...... 39 Cultural and Historical Monuments...... 40 C-5 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES...... 40 Location Impacts...... 40 Impacts due technical recommendations...... 40 Implementation/ Construction Impacts...... 40 Operation and Maintenance Impacts...... 40 C-6 INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN...... 43 C-7 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS...... 44 SECTION D. BELLARY...... 45

D-1 INTRODUCTION...... 45 D-2 OVERVIEW OF CURRENT BULK WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM...... 45 D-3 PROPOSED ENERGY EFFICIENCY RECOMMENDATIONS AT PUMPING STATIONS...... 46 D-4 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING...... 47 Physiography and Soil...... 47 Climatic Conditions...... 47 Water Resources...... 47 Ambient Air Quality...... 47 D-5 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES...... 48 Location Impacts...... 48 Impacts due technical recommendations...... 48 Implementation/ Construction Impacts...... 48 Operation and Maintenance Impacts...... 48 D-6 INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN...... 50 D-7 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS...... 51 SECTION E. MANGALORE...... 52

E-1 INTRODUCTION...... 52 E-2 OVERVIEW OF CURRENT BULK WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM...... 52 E-3 PROPOSED ENERGY EFFICIENCY RECOMMENDATIONS AT PUMPING STATIONS...... 53 E-4 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING...... 54 Physiography and Soil...... 54 Climatic Condition...... 54 Water Resources...... 54 Ambient Air Quality...... 55 Ecological Environment...... 55 Socio-economic Environment...... 55 E-5 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES...... 55 Location Impacts...... 55 Impacts due technical recommendations...... 56 Implementation/ Construction Impacts...... 56 Operation and Maintenance Impacts...... 56 A-6 INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN...... 58 3 World Bank KARNATAKA MUNICIPAL WATER PUMPING IMPROVEMENTS IN SIX TOWNS DRAFT REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT AND PREPARING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

E-7 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS...... 59 SECTION F. MYSORE...... 60

F-1 INTRODUCTION...... 60 F-2 OVERVIEW OF CURRENT BULK WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM...... 60 F-3 PROPOSED ENERGY EFFICIENCY RECOMMENDATIONS AT PUMPING STATIONS...... 61 F-4 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING...... 62 Physiography and Soil...... 62 Climatic Conditions...... 62 Water Resources...... 62 Ambient Air Quality...... 62 Socio-Economic Environment...... 63 F-5 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES...... 63 Location Impacts...... 63 Impacts due technical recommendations...... 63 Implementation/ Construction Impacts...... 63 Operation and Maintenance Impacts...... 63 F-6 INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN...... 66 F-7 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS...... 67

LIST OF TABLE

List of Project cities and pumping stations selected for energy efficiency measures 12 Table A-1: Salient Features of Water Supply System...... 19 Table A-2: Proposed Energy Efficiency Recommendations...... 20 Table A-3: Ambient Air Quality of Hubli...... 23 Table A-4: Summary of Impacts...... 26 Table A-5 : Environmental Monitoring Plan and Responsibilities...... 27 Table B-1: Water supply overview in Belgaum...... 28 Table B-2 Proposed energy efficiency Recommendation...... 29 Table B-3: Ambient Air Quality of Belgaum...... 31 Table B-4: Summary of Impacts...... 34 Table B-5 : Environmental Monitoring Plan and Responsibilities...... 35 Table C-1: Existing Water Supply Sources...... 37 Table C-2. Proposed energy efficiency Recommendation...... 37 Table C-3: Ambient Air Quality of Gulbarga...... 39 Table C-4: Summary of Impacts...... 42 Table C-5: Environmental Monitoring Plan and Responsibilities...... 43 Table D-1: Existing Water Supply Sources...... 45 Table D-2 Proposed energy efficiency Recommendation...... 46 Table D-3: Ambient Air Quality of Bellary...... 47 Table D-4: Summary of Impacts...... 49 TableD-5: Environmental Monitoring Plan and Responsibilities...... 51 Table E-1: Existing Water Supply Sources...... 52 Table E-2 Proposed energy efficiency Recommendation...... 53 Table E-3: Ambient Air Quality of Mangalore...... 55 Table E-4: Summary of Impacts...... 57 Table E-5 : Environmental Monitoring Plan and Responsibilities...... 58 Table F-1: Existing Water Supply Sources...... 60 Table F-2 Proposed Energy Efficiency Recommendation...... 61 Table F-3: Ambient Air Quality of Mysore...... 62 Table F-4: Summary of Mitigation Measures...... 65 Table F-5: Summary of Environmental Monitoring Plan...... 66

Abbreviations

ADB : Asian Development Bank BLA : Bilateral Lending Agencies BPT : Break Pressure Tank CC : City Corporation CDM : Clean Development Mechanism CPHEEO : Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation CPCB : Central Pollution Control Board DoEEF : Department of Ecology, Environment & Forests DMA : Directorate of Municipal Administration EAC : Expert Appraisal Committee ECoP : Environmental Code of Practice ECM : Energy Conservation Measures EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment EMP : Environmental Management Plan EP Act : Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 GO : Government Order GoI : Government of India GoK : Government of Karnataka GHGs : Green House Gases HDMC : Hubli Dharwad Municipal Corporation HP : Horse Power IPS : intermediate pumping station INR : Indian National Rupees PSP : Private Sector Participation KRS : Krishna Raja Sagara KSPCB : Karnataka State Pollution Control Board KUDCEMP : Karnataka Urban Development and Coastal Environmental Management Project KUIDFC : Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development and Finance Corporation KUWSSIP : Karnataka Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Improvement Project KUWSDB : Karnataka Urban Water Supply & Drainage Board MLD : Million Litre per Day MLA : Multilateral Lending Agencies MoEF : Ministry of Environment and Forests MSL : Mean Sea Level NOx : Oxides of Nitrogen OPs : Operational Policies SOx : Oxides of Sulphur SEIAA : State Level Environment Impact Assessment Authority RSPM : Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter TERI : The Energy Research Institute TSPM : Total Suspended Particulate Matter ULB : Urban Local Body WB : World Bank WPR : Workforce Participation Rate

1.1 BACKGROUND

The project envisages reduction of energy consumptions at pumping stations for six municipalities of Mysore, Bellary, Hubli-Dharwad, Mangalore, Belgaum and Gulbarga in Karnataka. Under CDM it is expected to reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions as it will reduce fossil fuels like coal largely used for electricity production in Karnataka. The World Bank (WB) is providing assistance to GoK for energy efficiency measures that will generate carbon financing from the World Bank under their Community Development Carbon Fund.

The energy costs of pumping and treating water impose a significant cost to municipalities. This financial constraint, coupled with inadequate or antiquated infrastructure and the lack of adequate managerial and technical capacities, greatly limits the ability of municipalities to improve water services. Some of the documented inefficiency in water supply system pumping are improper sizing of pumps, poor maintenance, operations at lesser optimal loads and in-built inefficiencies in the system. Pumping systems also may be poorly engineered with redundant pumps, pipes, valves and high friction losses. Basic lack of awareness has also contributed as a major factor. These inefficiencies affect the supply system, reducing water supply capacities, high transmission losses and increasing energy requirement leading to CO2 emissions.

In 2002, the ‘Alliance to save energy’ in a strategic partnership with the Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development Finance Corporation (KUIDFC), Karnataka Urban Water Supply and Drainage Board (KUWSDB) and the Directorate of Municipal Administration (DMA) conducted energy audits of seven Municipal Corporation pumping stations. These included Hubli-Dharwad, Mysore, Mangalore, Belgaum, Gulbarga, Bellary and Tiptur-Arasikere. The Alliance, in partnership with The Energy Resources Institute (TERI), facilitated energy audits of bulk water supply systems. The resulting audit reports suggested various short, medium and long term measures indicating a tremendous potential for saving 16 million kWh of electricity per annum which will reduce the volume of greenhouse gas emissions from the southern electricity grid by approximately 13,700t CO2-e each year, with limited financial investments and rapid payback periods. The opportunities identified and recommended by the study in energy efficiency include - Installation of new more efficient pumps & pump components, optimization of the existing pump through properly sizing of pumps and components, improving the main water flow distribution system and water pumping station operations optimization through better metering and monitoring

The Government of Karnataka (GoK) is exploring possibility of accessing Carbon Finance to help plan investments with an objective to improve the pumping energy efficiency. In this regard it published two policy directives during 2006. Government Order, G.O.No. UDD/11/PRJ/2006/B’lore issued in January 2006 mandates six urban local bodies (ULBs) of Hubli- Dharward, Mysore, Bellary, Belgaum, Gulbarga and Mangalore—as demonstration cities to undertake energy efficiency projects that will generate carbon financing from the World Bank under their Community Development Carbon Fund. KUIDFC has been appointed to serve as the nodal agency and will consolidate the carbon finance revenues and transfer them to the ULBs. The second GO—UDD/14/SFC/2006/Bangalore was issued in April 2006 to promote the implementation of energy efficiency programs in fourteen ULBs by segregating their energy bills from others in the state to allow these ULBs to collect the energy savings resulting from their efficiency measures.

As part of the World Bank’s requirements to identify critical environment and social safeguard risks and prepare safeguard management plan before the proposed carbon finance operation can be approved, an environmental audit was conducted and an environmental management plan is prepared focusing on environmental issues associated with water pumping stations, waste disposal; and occupational health and safety hazards.

1.2 SCOPE OF WORK

The objective of the proposed environmental audit is to assess the baseline environmental conditions of all six ULBs/ municipalities, particularly relating to current practices of water supply and proposals to improve water transmission and distribution network.

The study identified potential environmental aspects of implementation of recommended energy efficiency improvement; evaluation of the current level of compliance by Water Board with the applicable national and state regulations; identification of potential (both actual and perceived) environmental and social risks and liabilities and defined relevant interventions needed to mitigate them.

The environmental audit covered the following specific areas.  Assessment of the baseline environmental status of the six towns covered under the project with respect to environmental pollution and environmental issues associated with; pumping; use and disposal; Health, Safety and Emergency Management at the pumping stations.  Identifying and assessing potential environment and social risks related to the project proposals and implementation  Preparing an Environment Management Plan for the six towns focusing on pumping stations; transmission and distribution mains.  Assessment of Institutional Capacities of nodal agencies and ULBs in terms of their capacity to implement proposed interventions and sustain the improved environmental performance, with recommendations for capacity building and specific training.

1.3 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE PROJECT

GoK is exploring the possibility of financing energy efficiency projects with assistance from World Bank that will provide ULBs with avenues for raising resources through non-budgetary sources in terms of Carbon Finance under World Bank Community Development Carbon Fund. KUIDFC under Urban Development Department (UDD) has been appointed to serve as the financial intermediary and will consolidate the carbon finance revenues and transfer them to the ULBs.

KUWSDB is charged with functions of providing financial assistance by way of loans and advances to local authority in the state for assisting in providing for the following amenities namely i) Water Supply and drainage for urban areas ; and Other activities which are entrusted to the Board from time to time by the Government .At the instance of the Government or a local authority, the Board may carry out Operation and maintenance of drinking water supply and drainage undertakings either wholly or in part and subject to such terms and conditions as the

Government may, specify . A brief description and analysis of the institutional framework for project implementation in all the cities described below.

Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development and Finance Corporation (KUIDFC)

KUIDFC was set up in 1993 under the Companies Act 1956. It was set up with the objective of assisting the ULBs by financing and providing expertise to develop urban infrastructure. More specifically KUIDFC assumes the role of a catalyst for urban development while playing the role of a development finance institution. More specifically, the functions of KUIDFC include the following:  Mobilize finances from internal (national) and external Bilateral Funding Agencies (BFA) and Multilateral Lending Agencies (MLA)) for on lending to ULBs for Urban Infrastructure Development  Formulate and appraise urban infrastructure development projects  Monitor project/ programme performance  Provide technical assistance and build capacity of ULBs/ other agencies enabling efficient implementation and operations

KUIDFC is implementing/ processing projects supported by Government of India (GoI), MLAs like the World Bank (WB), Asian Development Bank (ADB) etc. In this project KUIDFC under Urban Development Department (UDD) serve as a nodal agency and will consolidate the carbon finance revenues to transfer them to the ULBs.

Karnataka Urban Water Supply & Drainage Board (KUWS&DB)

KUWS&DB is a corporate body constituted under Karnataka Urban Water Supply and Drainage Board Act, 1973. Its responsibilities are to develop and in some cases maintain drinking water and sewerage facilities in the ULBs in the state. The functions of the Board include the following:  Plan, design and execute water supply and sewerage projects for ULBs  Operate water works (and sewerage works) for ULBs

The Board executes water supply and drainage schemes, and transfers it to local bodies for operation and maintenance by providing technical guidance. KUWS&DB has a jurisdiction of 208 urban Local Bodies in the State (excluding city & 7 other urban areas around Bangalore City).The urban local bodies are responsible for operation and maintenance activities of water supply and sanitation schemes created by KUWSDB. However, as per the directions of the State Government, the Board is maintaining seven water supply schemes in various cities upto the consumer point and twelve water supply schemes upto bulk point

In order to increase efficiency in utilization and minimizing the water losses, the Board takes action for replacement of damaged distribution lines, replacement of damaged & leaky valves, creating awareness in the public, providing parallel feeder mains and linking it to the distribution systems at the tail end reaches to increase the supply levels at tail end reaches. The norms prescribed in the Manual published by Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation (CPHEEO), Government of India (GoI) is followed for water supply and sewerage schemes under taken by the Board. The Board has set up laboratories to test the quality of water being supplied. The parameters such as residual chlorine, pH, turbidity etc., are being tested

9 World Bank KARNATAKA MUNICIPAL WATER PUMPING IMPROVEMENTS IN SIX TOWNS DRAFT REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT AND PREPARING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN regularly.

Municipal Corporations /Urban Local Bodies (ULBs)

In accordance with the principle enshrined in Article 243 (W) of the Constitution of India read with the Twelfth Schedule, ULBs are responsible for water supply and, sewerage services from water catchments to waste water treatment. The Government of Karnataka has responsibility to monitor that ULBs provide, quality services in accordance with the standards prescribed at the State level. ULBs have the choice of providing the services directly through public bodies or through such appropriate Private Sector Participation (PSP) arrangements. Given however, the paramount need for financial and commercial viability of the operations, the State monitors strictly policies relating to minimal tariff operations autonomy of the municipal water operations, etc

The urban local bodies are responsible for operation and maintenance of water supply schemes. As per the Government order (G.O. No. UDD 204 UMS 95 dated 15-11-1996), KUWS&DB has to hand over the completed projects to urban local bodies for operation and maintenance. In some of the urban local bodies, KUWSDB is taking up O & M on mutual agreement between urban local body and KUWSDB. In terms of Institutional mechanism in supply and provision of drinking water services, there is an overlap between state government programmes and those implemented by the externally aided agencies, inadequacies in operation and maintenance activities by Urban Local Bodies due to paucity of resources and inefficiency in management of water and schemes due to inadequate and qualified staff.

1.3 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND REVIEW PROCEDURES

The environmental assessment and review process should address the requirements of Government of India’s (GoI) environmental legislation. In 1986, the Environmental (Protection) Act was promulgated as an umbrella legislation that supplements existing Environmental regulations. This Act established a framework for environmental clearance, requiring that Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) be conducted for development projects with a cost of Rs.500 million or more. To rectify ambiguity regarding exactly what type of projects were subject to the Act, specific project types were listed in a 1994 EIA Notification issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forests which were updated by a new notification in 2006 in accordance with the objectives of National Environmental Policy.

The 2006 EIA notification has listed out the Projects or activities requiring prior environmental clearance under Category “A” and “B” based on the spatial extent of potential impacts and potential impacts on human health and natural and man made resources. Category “A” projects require prior environmental clearance from MoEF on the recommendations of an Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) and Category “B” projects require prior environmental clearance from State or Union territory Level Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA) on the recommendations of a State or Union territory Level Expert Appraisal Committee (SEAC). In the absence of a duly constituted SEIAA or SEAC, a category “B” project shall be treated as a Category “A” project. The Notification does not require EIAs for urban infrastructure projects because these are assumed to result in positive environmental impacts.

In Karnataka there is no specific recommendation on EIA requirement for Urban Infrastructure projects. The DoEEF and KSPCB enforce environmental regulations and policies of GoI and GoK. The GoK has no exclusive policy or regulation on social and environmental issues related to development projects. GoK and its authorities follow the standards and regulations prescribed by CPCB and MoEF of GoI. However, every project requires “No Objection Certificate” from state authorities (usually the Pollution Control Board) under the Water (Prevention) and Control of Pollution) Act and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act. The Pumping Station would come under purview of the Noise Pollution (Regulation Control) Rules 2001 if located with residential, industrial or silence zone areas.

GoK has formulated Environmental Code of Practice (ECoP) to integrate environmental issues at policy, sectoral and project levels for the ongoing Karnataka Urban Water and Sanitation Sector Improvement Project (KWASSIP) .These are being carried out in three demonstration ULBs of Hubli-Dharwad, Belgaum and Gulberga. Under ECoP water supply projects have been categorized into Category E-1 for projects with significant adverse impacts, E-2 for projects with potential adverse environmental impacts and E-3 for projects which would have minimal or no adverse impacts on environment. The categorization would be used for screening of the projects by an Environmental Screening Committee (ESC) constituted by project development agency (KUIDFC/KUWSDB/ULBs).19 water supply sub-projects were identified for categorization. Up- gradation of Intermediate/Booster pumping stations have been categorized as E-3 project.

For the The 2006 EIA notification Under the Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 does not specify EIAs for urban infrastructure projects including water supply projects in the list of 32 projects of Schedule I of EIA notification and hence no clearance from the MoEF/State Environmental Committee is required for the present project. This project would also not come under the purview of Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act and hence would not require any clearances from the KSPCB and DoEEF. There are no sensitive locations around all the pumping stations and hence do not come under the purview of Noise Pollution (Regulation Control) Rules 2001.

1.4 LEVEL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROJECT

World Bank projects are assigned one of four categories (A, B, C, or F1) for environmental assessment depending on the significance of the associated environmental impacts of the various Project components. The category is assigned based on the project's potential for environmental impact. Under the operational policies and directives (OPs or ODs) of the World Bank the projects funded by the Bank are evaluated. They are thus “pre-screened” to avoid significant environmental impacts. The components recommended for pumping station energy efficiency are very small in area coverage, moreover technical in nature and based on upgrading existing facilities.

The World Bank Operational Policy 4.01 stipulates carrying out Environmental Assessment for projects proposed for banks financial assistance. As set out in BP 4.01, the project in the earlier stage of development is assigned any one of the following four categories after examining the project type, location, sensitivity, scale and potential environmental risks associated with the project.

 Category A projects are those projects that have significant environmental impacts on broader areas than the sites or facilities subjected to physical works and projects of such nature should have an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report.  Category B projects are those projects that have impacts on environmentally sensitive areas such as forests, natural habitats, wetlands, etc. but less adverse than Category A projects and are generally site specific. Projects of this category will have a narrow EA than Category A projects.  Category C projects are those projects which have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts and do not need any EA beyond screening.  Category FI projects are those projects that involve investment of Bank funds through a financial intermediary in sub projects that may result in adverse environmental impacts.

The project has been categorized as B for environmental Screening by World Bank. As per the World Bank Operational Policy 4.01 for projects proposed for banks financial assistance an environmental audit has been conducted as part of Bank’s EA requirement. Environmental Audit would examine and determine the nature and extent of all environmental areas of concern of all the Municipal Pumping Stations in Project cities. The audit would identify appropriate measures to mitigate areas of concern, prepare an environmental management and monitoring plans for the various components. It also would describe the appropriate institutional framework to ensure proper implementation of the environmental safeguards

1.5 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Based on the energy audit of Municipal Corporation pumping stations in six project cities the ‘Alliance to save energy’ along with ‘The Energy Resources Institute’ (TERI), recommended various short, medium and long terms measures to reduce the energy required for water service delivery in 6 municipalities. All the pumping stations for which recommendations were made were assessed during the environmental audit. The recommendations are described in detail in each of city level audit report. For brevity therefore, the project cities bulk water supply scheme and select pumping station locations and energy saving potential after implementation has been presented in tabular form.

List of Project cities and pumping stations selected for energy efficiency measures Water Supply Energy Emission Project City Schemes Project Pumping Station Savings Reductions kWh (tCO2e/year) Hubli- Malaprabha 1.Jackwell pumping Station Dharwad Scheme 2.Intermediate Pumping Station(IPS) 8,351,421 7,099 3.Ammnianbhavi Pumping Station Neerasagar Scheme 1.Neerasagar Pumping Station Gulbarga Bennithora scheme 1.Jack well pumping station Bhima scheme 1.Jack well pumping station 1,304,000 1,108 2.Intermediate pumping station(IPS) Belgaum Hidkal Scheme 1.Jack well pump house 2,307,000 1,961 2.Intermediate pumping station-1 (IPS-1) 3.Intermediate pumping station-2 (IPS-2)

Project City Water Supply Project Pumping Station Energy Emission Schemes Savings Reductions kWh (tCO2e/year) Rakaskop scheme 1.Hindalga Pumping station Bellary Alipur Scheme 1.Raw water pumping station 2.Pure water Pumping station house Moka Scheme 1.Low lift pumping station 1,189.800 1,011 2.High Lift Pumping Station 3.Booster pumping station at Gandhinagar Mangalore Netravati Scheme 1.Low Lift Pumping station 2.High lift pumping station 421,700 358 3.Bendoor Pumping Station Mysore Belagola Scheme 1.Old pumping Station 2.New pumping station 3.Vani Vilas Works pumping station 2,449,775 2,082 Hongalli scheme 1.Hongalii pumping station 2.Emergency Pumping Station 3.Booster Pumping station

The Comprehensive Energy Audit study evaluated energy consumption to identify the scope for energy efficiency improvements for City Corporation water pumping installations. Some of the common observations of the study relevant to all project cities are

 It was analysed that pumping stations in all the project cities had old pumping machineries and old pumps. The impellers and capacitors of the pumps needed replacements. Mismatch of design and operating heads, faulty impellers and motors impacted pumping efficiency below acceptable performance limit.  The power factor average of most of the pumps was below efficiency level due to faulty capacitor bank which led to power factor penalty on most of the Municipal corporations  Most of the pumping station had either excess or shorter contract demand which led to higher billing or penalty for minimum billing.

The study recommendations were based on improving energy use efficiency and identifying energy saving opportunities at all pumping stations in project cities. It is expected that the project activities will generate emission reductions for about 13620 tCO2 per year over the 10 year crediting period from January 2009 to February 2018. Six energy conservation measures (ECMs) recommended are ECM 1: Installing new efficient water pumps: These activities include: (i) installing more energy efficient pumps including the right size of pumps; (ii) in some cases installing larger and more energy efficient pumps to respond to higher water demand rather than simply increasing the period for which residents will not have access to water. ECM 2: Optimizing existing pumps: These activities include: (i) installing the correct size impellers. The replacement of old pump impellers with suitably sized ones is expected to improve energy efficiency up to 75%; (ii) installing new manifold systems; (iii) improving the common suction and discharge headers; (iv) retrofit and/or replacement of rotating assembly. ECM 3: Improving the main transmission water distribution system: This activity involves repairing the main transmission water distribution system in some of the municipalities in order to stop leakage and unaccounted for water losses. ECM4: Reducing water losses and other unaccounted for water: Where ECM 3 focuses on the main water distribution network in some municipalities; ECM 4 focuses on reducing leakages

13 World Bank KARNATAKA MUNICIPAL WATER PUMPING IMPROVEMENTS IN SIX TOWNS DRAFT REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT AND PREPARING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN and losses throughout the whole municipal water reticulation system. No significant technology is involved in this measure. ECM 5: Optimizing pumping station operations: These activities include: (i) installing capacitor banks to improve the power factor and to reduce the maximum kVA demand and consequently the subscribed power; (ii) switching off transformers if not required and to avoid idle running of the transformers; (iii) increasing the frequency of cleaning suction sumps; (iv) rescheduling of pumping operations based on reservoir water levels and required flows; (v) reconfiguring the piping network to reduce unnecessary increases for pump heads to reduce energy losses and to improve pump efficiency; (vi) maximizing utilization of higher efficiency pumps in parallel operation. ECM 6: Optimizing existing infrastructures through better metering and monitoring: While this activity will not result directly in energy savings and emission reductions, it is an important part of the project. Ultrasonic meters will need to be applied to carry out non-destructive spot measurements in each pumping station every two months to measure water volume until water meters are installed.

The improvement in pumping system energy efficiency would lead to reduction of Green House Gases (GHGs) indirectly. The energy saving would be both direct, from installations of more energy efficient technologies and indirect from reducing water leaks and losses and optimising existing systems. The energy savings that accrue at the municipal (site) level would be converted directly to carbon emission reductions for Carbon financing. The World Bank’s Carbon Finance Unit has signed a letter of Intent to purchase the offsets generated by this CDM activity through its Prototype Carbon Fund and the Community Development Carbon Fund. The main benefits of the projects as described in CDM PDD –Version02 are  Enhanced water service- By husbanding energy and water resources , water utilities can look m up to expand their network to currently underserved client( typically the poorest people ) and expand hours and days of operation  Reduced strain on over taxed water resources-Many parts of the world are water stressed and over pumping of ground water and surface water can have hue environmental impacts on wetlands and other sensitive ecosystems  Improved cost recovery for water utility by reducing the per unit cost of water delivery

The social and economic benefits anticipated are  Reduction in coal and other fuel use needed to generate electricity and all other associated emissions, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide , SO2, NO2 ,mercury and particulates  The project would provide for continuous training and education of municipal water utility employees which would create awareness on the efficient use of electricity and the positive effect on the environment of proper energy management  By enabling the water utility to expand and improve service, the project will improve the access of the consumers to clean water which has a host of health, economic and environmental benefits.

Environmental Impact Audit and Assessment of the Project Cities

A-HUBLI –DHARWAD B-BELGAUM C-GULBERGA D-BELLARY E-MANGALORE F-MYSORE

1.6 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT CITIES

The proposed Karnataka Municipal Water Pumping Improvements Project is essentially envisaged to reduce the energy required for water service delivery. The six municipalities Hubli- Dharwad, Mysore, Mangalore, Belgaum, Gulbarga and Bellary in the State of Karnataka in Southern India have been chosen based on the energy audits undertaken of Municipal Corporation pumping stations in 2002-2003. Several short, medium and long term opportunities were identified and recommended in energy efficiency which included, Installing new pumps, capacitors, control equipment, new impellers and some energy diagnostic equipment to measure and monitor improvements; Proper-sizing of pumps and components (e.g. impellers) for their applications; Optimizing existing infrastructure through better metering and monitoring measures; Reducing leaks and other unaccounted for water through the use of leak detection technology

The energy efficiency recommendation at Project city levels are in implementation phase by Municipal corporations. In towns of Hubli/Dharwad, Belgaum, Gulbarga the recommendations were supported by an underlying World Bank project under Karnataka urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project (KUWASSIP)1.In Mangalore the recommendations are being taken up by Municipal Corporation where water supply projects are under ADB funded KUDCEM2 project and in Mysore these are being implemented by Municipal Corporation. In Bellary the implementation is currently being taken up by KUWSDB through IWSS (Improved Water Supply Scheme) and AWSS (Augmentation of Water Supply Scheme).

The GoK is exploring possibility of accessing Carbon Finance through the energy savings that accrue at the municipal (site) with World Bank’s Prototype Carbon Fund and the Community Development Carbon Fund. The social and economic benefits of the project anticipated are  Reduction in coal and other fuel use needed to generate electricity and all other associated emissions, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, SO2, No2, mercury and particulates.  The project would provide for continuous training and education of municipal water utility employees which would create awareness on the efficient use of electricity and the positive effect on the environment of proper energy management  By enabling the water utility to expand and improve service, the project will improve the access of the consumers to clean water which has a host of health, economic and environmental benefits.

The 2006 EIA notification Under the Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 does not specify EIAs for urban infrastructure projects including water supply projects in the list of 32 projects of Schedule I of EIA notification and hence no clearance from the MoEF/State Environmental Committee is required for the present project. In Karnataka there is no specific recommendation on EIA requirement for Urban Infrastructure projects. Under Environmental Code of Practice (ECoP) formulated to integrate environmental issues at policy, sectoral and project levels for the

1 (KUWASSIP) a medium term sectoral reform project envisages setting a policy, institutional and regulatory environment in urban water and sanitation sector to enable service improvements, sustainable investments and coverage expansion. The project is expected to improve the overall environment by providing quality services, water and sanitation infrastructure and health benefits 2 Under the project titled ‘ Karnataka Urban Development and Coastal Environmental Management Project (KUDCEMP)’, the government of Karnataka (GoK) has taken up development of 10 coastal towns with the financial assistance from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) 16 World Bank KARNATAKA MUNICIPAL WATER PUMPING IMPROVEMENTS IN SIX TOWNS DRAFT REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT AND PREPARING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ongoing Karnataka Urban Water and Sanitation Sector Improvement Project (KWASSIP), up- gradation of Intermediate/Booster pumping stations have been categorized as E-3 project. The project would also not come under the purview of Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act and hence would not require any clearances from the KSPCB and DoEEF. There are no sensitive locations around all the pumping stations and hence do not come under the purview of Noise Pollution (Regulation Control) Rules 2001.

The project has been categorized as B for environmental Screening by World Bank. As per the World Bank Operational Policy 4.01 for projects proposed for banks financial assistance an environmental audit has been conducted as part of Bank’s EA requirement. Environmental Audit has examined the nature and extent potential environmental aspects of implementation of recommended energy efficiency improvement of all the Municipal Pumping Stations in Project cities. The audit has also identified appropriate measures to mitigate areas of concern, prepare an environmental management and monitoring plans for the various components.

The environmental impacts caused due to the urban infrastructure projects can be categorized either as primary (direct) or secondary (indirect) impacts. Primary impacts are those which are induced directly by the project where as the secondary impacts are those which are indirectly induced and typically include the associated investments and changing patterns of social and economic changes due to the proposed action. The main purpose of Municipal pumping energy efficiency project is to improve urban environmental conditions. As such, there are many environmental benefits to the proposed works. This section focuses on the identification of potential adverse environmental impacts short and long term.

The audit for environmental impacts is broken down into three categories, coinciding with the implementation phases of the project:  Location impacts: those impacts associated with pumping station locations on adjacent environments including biophysical, ecological and people residing around the site.  Impacts due to proposed Technical Recommendations: those impacts arising from project recommendations, including technology to be used, scale of operation/throughput, waste production, discharge specifications, pollution sources and ancillary services.  Implementation/Construction impacts: those impacts caused at pumping station due to implementation of recommendations caused due to site clearing, earthworks, machinery, vehicles and workers. Construction site impacts include erosion, dust, noise, traffic congestion and waste production.  O& M impacts: those impacts arising from the operation and maintenance activities of the Infrastructure facility. These include routine management of operations, and Occupational Health and Safety issues

The following section gives existing base line environmental profile encompassing physical, biological/ecological and social environment of the project cities and project areas based on secondary information from ULBs and discussions with the local officials. Due to similarities in recommendations generic mitigation measures are proposed with recommended monitoring actions to be conducted to minimize any adverse environmental impacts. As most the implementations are implemented or in process of implementation the recommendation are mostly post construction environmental precaution to be undertaken and EHS regulation to be adhered for Operational Health and Safety concerns of the workers in the Pumping Stations.

The EMP covers the summary of impacts; description of mitigation measures; description of monitoring program; institutional arrangements including definition of responsibilities for mitigation, monitoring and arrangements for coordination between the various institutions, such as KUIDFC, ULBs and Water Board etc. The key environmental performance indicators have been suggested to regularly monitor their adequacy and effectiveness.

SECTION A. HUBLI-DHARWAD

A-1 Introduction

Geographically, the twin cities of Hubli and Dharwad are located at north latitude of 15 o19' to 15o41' and east longitude of 75o15' to 75o36'. Dharwad has historical significance dating back to the Vijayanagara Empire and the Maratha Kings. The city is located 20 km south of Dharwad, has found significance as a nodal center for trade and commerce in North Karnataka. Hubli is located at an altitude of 671 m and Dharwad at an altitude of 762 m, above MSL. The terrain is slopping from Dharwad towards Hubli. Dharwad has better climatic condition than Hubli, due to the altitude difference of 91 m. While the terrain of Dharwad is spotted with number of hillocks, Hubli City is located on either side of a natural valley leading to Unkal Lake.

Hubli is one of the six urban local bodies (ULBs) selected to undertake energy efficiency projects that will generate carbon financing from the World Bank under their Community Development Carbon Fund. As part of the Bank’s requirements to identify critical environment and social safeguard risks and prepare safeguard management plan before the proposed carbon finance operation can be approved, an environmental audit needs to be conducted and an environmental management plan to be prepared focusing on environmental issues associated with water treatment, use and discharge; environmental issues associated with waste disposal; and occupational health and safety hazards associated with the camp site and construction management activities

A-2 Current Bulk Water supply system and current status

Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation meets its water requirements from two major water projects Malaprabha Scheme and Neersagar Scheme for supply of water to HDMC were commissioned in 1969 and 1993 respectively. At present major portion (above 95%) of the total system draws water from Malaprabha River, situated North, at around 42 kms from Dharwad. Water from Malaprabha reservoir is tapped through a stone masonry dam near Manoli village The Malaprabha Project is being executed in three stages. Stage I and II of the project have been completed, including the construction of systems with the intake works, pumping station and the trunk mains. As a part of the third stage works, under Malaprabha Project, KUWSDB has formulated a scheme for extraction of 63 MLD water for 2031. While the second stage works meets the 2021 demand of 131 MLD, third stage works is scheduled to commerce in 2011 to meet the 2031 demand, with supply of approximately 195 MLD.

Table A-1: Salient Features of Water Supply System. Item Units Details Malaprabha Dam Neersagar Lake Design capacity MLD 68 42 Quantity Supplied MLD 59 0 Total Quantity of Water supplied MLD 130.00 Source KUWSDB.

Malaprabha Phase II is based on Priority Investment taken under Karnataka Urban Water and Sanitation Sector Improvement Project (KUWSSIP) funded by World Bank. As a part of the Stage

II works, a new raw water pump house for intake is constructed which houses two 1900 Deep Well Turbine pumps with additional space planned for pumps, to be installed in the future. A new sub-station has been also constructed to house 2000 KVA transformers with FCMA starters. The Phase II was commissioned in August 2004. After the implementation of the second stage works, the old system has been kept idle. Raw water is drawn at Jack-well is pumped upto Soundatti Water Treatment plant. The water is transmitted via 26km long gravity main to Aminbhavi pumping station to be supplied to Dharwad through Sarawatpur tank and Hubli through Nruptang Betta reservoir. Under KUWSSIP, water treatment plant at Soundatti, and replacement of the existing pumping mains until the pumping station at Amminbhavi has been completed. The surrounding landuse of Jack Well pumping station and Amminabhavi is predominantly barren and partly agricultural.

In the Neerasagar scheme raw water from Neersagar tank was pumped by Dhumwad pumping station to the water treatment plant located at Kanavihonnavur. The treated water, through gravity mains is being supplied to only Hubli. New pumping system has been proposed for Neersagar scheme. The surrounding landuse here is agricultural.

Karnataka Urban Water Supply and Drainage Board (KUWSDB) has been entrusted for the design, procurement for goods, works and construction supervision of the required works and has been currently operating supply of bulk water on their behalf.

A-3 Proposed Recommendations and Status of Implementation

The energy Audit conducted in February 2003 at Malaprabha Jack Well Pump house (Phase-I), Intermediate Pump house at Water Treatment Plant at Saundatti , Aminabhavi pumping station and Neersagar Pumping station. Several Short and medium term energy efficiency measures were recommended based on evaluation and energy saving potential and economic viability The ultimate objective of the component is to optimize the improve the bulk water pumping efficiency by improving pumping component and efficient management The component attributes are:

Table A-2: Proposed Energy Efficiency Recommendations

Malaprabha supply system- Jackwell Pumping Station

Measures Code Title of Measures Description Status/Date of Implementation

ECM 1 Installation of new efficient pumps New DWT efficient pump set of 1450 KW replaced ongoing/May 2008 the 1944 HP old pump set-

ECM 2 Optimization of the existing pumps New manifold to minimize losses. ongoing/May 2008

ECM 3 Improving the main water flow distribution Enhancement of water flow from Jack well pumping ongoing/May 2008 system station (By-pass intermediate pumping station)

ECM 4 Reduction in leaks and other unaccounted n/a n/a for water

ECM 5 Water pumping station operations n/a n/a optimization

ECM 6 Optimization of existing infrastructure Water totalizer meters installed, daily readings and ongoing/May 2008 through better metering and monitoring data recorded. measures Malaprabha supply system- Intermediate Pumping Station(1)

ECM 1 Installation of new efficient pumps n/a n/a

ECM 2 Optimization of the existing pumps n/a n/a

ECM 3 Improving the main water flow distribution n/a n/a system

ECM 6 Optimization of existing infrastructure n/a n/a through better metering and monitoring measures Note1: The Malaprabha supply system will operate the new Jackwell PS only and swich off the Intermediate PS

Source: PDD , World Bank

A-4 Environmental Setting

Physiography and Soil

Hubli is located at an altitude of 671 m and Dharwad at an altitude of 762 m, above MSL. The terrain is slopping from Dharwad towards Hubli. Dharwad has better climatic condition than Hubli, due to the altitude difference of 91 m. While the terrain of Dharwad is spotted with number of hillocks, Hubli City is located on either side of a natural valley leading to Unkal Lake. The urban area of Hubli-Dharwad is situated on the Deccan Plateau. The soil towards the western side of the national highway is mostly covered with black cotton soil, which is also a reason for the perspective growth of the city, and that on the eastern side is dominated by red gravelly soil. Mineral deposits like manganese, iron and copper are also found in the area. However, mining activities are not prevalent in the area, due to insufficient quantity of reserves for economic exploitation

Climate

The climate of the region is divided into three seasons; summer, from February to May; monsoon, from June to September and winter, from October to January. The temperature ranges from a minimum of 16°C to a maximum of 38°C. However, Due to altitudinal advantage Dharwad climate is colder than the Hubli. The average annual rainfall of Hubli is 675 mm and Dharwad is 812 mm. The South-West monsoon is relatively more active in the western zone and accounts for nearly 70 percent of the annual rainfall. The North-East monsoon is however more active in the eastern zone, accounting for about 25 percent of total rainfall

Water resources

There are no major rivers within Hubli-Dharwad. River Malaprabha, the perennial river of the region and drinking water source of Hubli-Dharwad, flows in the northern direction at about 25 kms from Dharwad city. In addition to the above, the cities have a number of tanks / lakes formed in shallow valley basins. The most prominent among them are the Unkal Lake in Hubli and Kelegere in Dharwad. Other tanks such as Lugikere, Herikere are either encroached or polluted with sewage

Ground water in Hubli-Dharwad fluctuates significantly during summer and the monsoons. The time series data on ground water levels and its quality were not available from any of the agencies operating in the city. However, discussions with the municipal engineers and local people indicated that the ground quality is generally good and fluctuates between 50m and 100 m below ground level

Ambient Air Quality

The ambient air quality status of Hubli shows that the total suspended particulate matter (TSPM) in the ambient air is exceeding the limits at KC circle. However, the SOx and NOx values are well with in the limits. At KIMS, the respirable particulate matter (RPM) exceeding the limits, while the other values are well with in the limits. The following Table A-3 shows the ambient air quality values of Hubli.

Table A-3: Ambient Air Quality of Hubli Parameter KC Circle (commercial area) KIMS (sensitive area) Average value of Ambient air Average value of Ambient air air pollutant quality standard air pollutant quality standard g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 TSPM 490.61 360 -- 70 RSPM -- 120 173 50 Sox 7.88 80 3.60 15 Nox 12.45 80 7.20 15 Source: KSPCB Annual Report 2002 – 03 Ecological Environment

Being predominantly an urban area, the ecological environment of Hubli-Dharwad is not very diverse. A major portion of the twin cities is located on the eastern quadrant of the Dharwad district and this region is characterised by black cotton soil and lower rainfall as compared to the

24 World Bank KARNATAKA MUNICIPAL WATER PUMPING IMPROVEMENTS IN SIX TOWNS DRAFT REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT AND PREPARING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN western region. Hence mostly shrubs and scattered trees are found in this region. The western region outside the city limits, due to its higher rainfall and lateritic soil has remnants of a dense deciduous forest. The monsoon forests covering the western fringe of the district have a variety of flora and fauna, which are not in the influence area of the project area.

Socio-Economic Environment

The total population of HDMC is 786,018 as per census 2001. The city has experienced low population growth during the last two decades (18.3 percent from 1981 to 1991 and 21.2 percent, from 1991 to 2001).The density has increased from 1837 persons per sq.km in 1971 to 3,886 persons per sq. km in 2001. While the city’s overall density is quite low, the core, inner areas and some of the older areas of the city are more densely populated than the fringe areas of the city. The sex ratio (female population per 1,000 male populations) in Hubli-Dharwad is 949, which is higher than the State urban average of 940 and National urban average of 901. The current literacy rate (percentage of literate population to the total population above six years of age) in HDMC is 72.1 percent (the male literacy rate is 77.6 percent and the female literacy rate is 66.4 percent) – at par with the State urban average of 71.4 percent and National urban average of 70.1 percent.

Although the economy of Dharwad district is predominantly agriculture in nature, the primary drivers of Hubli-Dharwad city’s economy are the trade and commerce, transport and service sector (mainly industrial units, government jobs). Approximately 55 percent of the city’s population is involved in tertiary sector. According to Census 2001, Dharwad district urban workforce participation rate (WPR) (percentage of main and marginal workers to the total population) is 33.18 percent (including 2.5 percent of marginal workers). Hubli-Dharwad urban WPR in 1991 was 28.03 (including 0.63 percent of marginal workers).

A-5 Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

The environmental impacts caused due to the urban infrastructure projects can be categorized either as primary (direct) or secondary (indirect) impacts. Primary impacts are those which are induced directly by the project where as the secondary impacts are those which are indirectly induced and typically include the associated investments and changing patterns of social and economic changes due to the proposed action

The audit for environmental impacts is broken down into four categories, coinciding with the implementation phases of the project: Location Impacts The location of recommendations for energy efficiency is at existing pumping stations. The pumping stations for Malprabha as well as Neerasgar scheme are located within agricultural and barren land. There are no settlements in close proximity of the Pumping stations. The ambient environmental conditions were observed to be free from any kind of pollution. Since the existing environment is a built environment, no land acquisition is expected and recommendations would be carried on the same locations, no location impacts are considered likely. Impacts due to energy efficiency recommendations As the recommendations are more of upgrading existing systems with technologically superior mechanical and electrical components, no impact is anticipated. Moreover most of the

25 World Bank KARNATAKA MUNICIPAL WATER PUMPING IMPROVEMENTS IN SIX TOWNS DRAFT REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT AND PREPARING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN recommendations like surrendering of excess contract demand, increasing pf values are policy and efficiency level decisions and are unlikely to have any environmental impact. Implementation/ Construction Impacts Most of the physical recommendations proposed at Malaprabha Scheme pumping stations are currently being implemented under KWASSIP and hence no impacts are likely. A pumping station has been constructed at Jack Well location and an EMP has been implemented for the same under KWASSIP project. The recommendation for energy efficiency do not envisage any further construction works and unlikely to have any impact. Operation and Maintenance Impacts During operation phase there are likely to be non-significant and reversible impacts in the project area which are likely to affect the workers. These include high noise and vibrations level, waste disposal of maintenance related materials and safety for workers from likely accidents.

1. Impact due to noise and vibrations level: The pumping stations are expected to be operated all through the day. Since there are no sensitive locations or settlements at the locations of the all pumping stations, very minimal impact is envisaged. However the noise and vibrations might lead to nuisances to workers. The pumping equipments have high noise levels in the range of 80 - 95 dB (A) depending on the type of machinery used, which can affect the personnel operating the machines. The workers in general are likely to be exposed to an equivalent noise level of 80 to 90 dB (A) in an 8-hour shift, for which all precautions should be taken into consideration. Mitigation Measures Mitigation measures are suggested for workers and pumping machineries. Since the pumping machinery has been already installed and in operations no specific engineering noise control measures would be applicable. Implementation measures are suggested for protection of workers from high and continuous noise. Full mitigation for noise impact is not expected.

Mitigation for workers would include  The operator and worker areas for sitting or resting shall be located away from pumping machinery locations  Workers shall be provided with noise protection measures like Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as earmuffs (over-the-head type)  To prevent long term health implications Regular annual health checkups for the workers shall to be taken up.  Noise monitoring shall be taken up at the pumping station locations.

Noise Mitigation techniques for pumping machinery would include:  Regular maintenance of pumping machinery shall be taken up as per specifications of the manufacturer.  Vegetation planting3 around periphery boundary of pumping stations shall be taken up.

2. Generation of waste and disposal: Periodic maintenance of the pumping equipments, electrical panels and pump house structure might lead to generation and storage of waste like oil, scrap, electrical equipments and grease. Although the quantity of the waste generation is not substantial, due care needs to be taken for disposal.

Mitigation Measures

3 Guidelines suggested and indicative tree/shrub list has been given in Annexure E 26 World Bank KARNATAKA MUNICIPAL WATER PUMPING IMPROVEMENTS IN SIX TOWNS DRAFT REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT AND PREPARING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

 Different types of waste shall be segregated and stored in different containers to enhance reuse or recycling of materials and their proper disposal  Record of type, amount of wastes generated, recycled and disposed (including the disposal sites) shall be maintained in separate register  The disposal shall not be done at sensitive locations, natural water bodies or near settlements. Waste like oil, grease/lubricant, metal scrap and building debris should be disposed off to designated dealers or designated locations with prior approval from the respective Municipal engineers.

3. Operational Health and Safety of workers: Specific impacts in this phase include hazards to health and safety of workmen working in the pumping station. The following occupational health issues may be encountered during pumping activities:  Physical hazards in pumping operations may be related to handling of large, heavy materials and machine parts; accidents related to heavy mechanical movement; injuries due to machinery accidents; and injuries due to falls from elevation (e.g. high platforms, ladders, and stairs).  Electrical and fire hazards related to shocks, fires due to faults in electrical panels

Mitigation Measures  Occupational health and safety4 provisions and implementation should be included in O&M Contract of pumping stations.  Occupational Health and Safety Plan for workforce should be implemented for protection against physical, electrical and fire hazards with due provision of appropriate protective equipments and gears to workers on the site.  Training for workers on handling potential site emergencies, dangers, including potential health effects

Table A-4: Summary of Impacts Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Preliminary Costing Location None potentially N/a N/a N/a significant Technical recommendation None potentially N/a N/a N/a significant Implementations/ Construction None potentially N/a N/a N/a significant Operation and Maintenance Noise and vibrations Municipal INR 2500/- for each PPE leading to nuisances to Corporation / (earmuff) Providing noise Personal Protective workers and KUWSDB/ O&M Minimum 4 (considering Equipment (PPE) such as earmuffs to neighbours Agency 4 personnel in each shift workers ) for each pumping station Two rows of Tree planting/vegetation on INR 150/- per Sqm of the periphery of the pumping stations vegetation (Appox. 100 Sqm or land

4 Operational Health and Safety precautions in India are covered under The Factories Act, 1948. This is not a regulatory requirement for pumping stations as they would not come under the purview of the aforesaid Act. The pumping station could adhere to relevant health section (Chapter-III section 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18 and 19) and safety (Chapter-IV Section 21, 22, 28, 38 and 40) guidelines suggested in The Factories Act, 1948 with subsequent amendments. Occupational Health and Safety Instruction to be a part of O&M are given in annexure -C 27 World Bank KARNATAKA MUNICIPAL WATER PUMPING IMPROVEMENTS IN SIX TOWNS DRAFT REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT AND PREPARING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Preliminary Costing

available along the boundary wall at each pumping station) Annual maintenance INR 10,000/- at each pumping station Noise Monitoring At pumping station (INR Noise measurements should be conducted 2500/-each location) Minimum two locations at each pumping Station Health check-up cost per operator level employee INR 1000/-per annum. Regular Health checkups for workers (Considering 10 employees per pumping station) Different types of waste should be segregated and stored in different containers to enhance reuse or recycling of materials and their proper disposal Municipal Generation of waste Corporation/ and disposal Records of wastes for type, amount of KUWSDB/ O&M No cost Implications wastes generated, recycled and disposed Agency Storage and disposal of waste at pre- designated and approved location or waste recycle dealers. Inclusion of Occupational Safety Plan in No cost Implications O&M guidelines Occupational Safety Plan for workforce Fire fighting equipments which will include: like fie extinguishers @ 1. Protection against physical, electrical INR 3000/Unit (minimum and fire hazards 4 for each pumping 2. Adequate personal safety precaution station) measures like wearing of gloves, helmets, Hazards to earplugs, safety shoes etc., Each set of personal Municipal health/safety of 3.Training for workers on handling safety precaution Corporation/ workmen potential site emergencies, dangers, equipments INR 2500/- KUWSDB/ O&M including potential health effects (Minimum 4sets – Agency considering 4 personnel in each shift for each pumping station) First aid equipments and accessories INR 2500/-

OHS Training cost of INR 10,000/- per session of 10 workers annually

The cost of implementing above mitigation measures as capital costs for equipments works out to INR 2.0 lakhs (INR 0.50 lakhs for each pumping station).The training and maintenance is estimated at INR 1.43 lakhs per annum (INR 0.38 lakhs for IPS and 0.35 lakhs for other pumping station per annum).

A-6 Institutional Requirements and Environmental Monitoring Plan

The executing agency for energy efficiency programme is the respective Municipal Corporation. For environmental concerns Municipal Corporation would be supported by Environmental Unit of

KUIDFC. During the operational phase, the Corporation (or any O&M agency if work is outsourced), with the assistance of KUWSDB and the KUIDFC will be responsible for monitoring the environmental parameters of pumping stations.

Table A-5 : Environmental Monitoring Plan and Responsibilities Mitigation Parameters to Measurements Frequency Responsibility Measures be Monitored Occupational Implementation of Observation of work Yearly check on Municipal Health and Occupational health and practices and checking implementation Corporation/O Safety Plan safety provisions in the conformity with of OHS & M agency O&M Contract OHS provisions measures and annual training Supervision by Environmental Unit of KUIDFC Noise and Noise Monitoring At Noise monitoring at Once every six Municipal vibrations pumping station pumping station months Corporation / Mitigation Minimum two locations Equivalent noise levels O & M agency at each pumping Station using noise level meter and should include Readings @ 15 seconds Supervision by 1.within the pump-house interval for 15 minutes Environmental at workers sitting area per hour Unit of 2. within 50m downward KUIDFC wind direction To be verified for 3.Location of residential National Noise areas (Booster standards pumping station)

Provision of Type and location of Visual inspection One-off Municipal landscape vegetation planting and of site preparation inspection Corporation buffer zone maintenance of plants. activities during of planting around vegetation planting and during pumping check on maintenance implementation station site regarding survival of and check plants during annual environmental review

A-7 Findings and Recommendations

Impacts of all the technical recommendations suggested for energy efficiency at all the pumping stations are minor and mitigation possibilities are available. Particular environmental issues identified are those which are typical for the pumping equipments and mitigations needs to be taken up as suggested in EMP and monitoring plan.

SECTION B. BELGAUM

B-1 Introduction Belgaum is situated in the northwestern part of Karnataka Geographically, the Belgaum City is located at longitude 74 31’E and latitude 15 51’N. Popularly known as the ‘Cradle of Infantry’, Belgaum houses defence establishments such as Military Training Center and Air Base. Belgaum houses major industrial establishments such as Tata Power and Indian Aluminium (INDAL). In addition to the above, the Udyambag Industrial estate situated in the southwestern part of the city houses number of engineering industries. The industries, educational institutions and the cantonment significantly contribute to the economic growth of the city.

Belgaum is one of the six urban local bodies (ULBs) selected to undertake energy efficiency projects that will generate carbon financing from the World Bank under their Community Development Carbon Fund. As part of the Bank’s requirements to identify critical environment and social safeguard risks and prepare safeguard management plan before the proposed carbon finance operation can be approved, an environmental audit needs to be conducted and an environmental management plan to be prepared focusing on environmental issues associated with water treatment, use and discharge; environmental issues associated with waste disposal; and occupational health and safety hazards associated with the camp site and construction management activities.

B-2 Overview of Current Bulk Water Supply System

Water supply to Belgaum is through two sources namely Rakaskop scheme developed in 1962 on the Markandeya River and the Hidkal scheme on the Ghataprabha River developed in 2000. In Rakaskop Scheme water from the reservoir is received by Hindalga pumping Station. From Hindalga the raw water is pumped to the water treatment plant at Laxmitek. Hidkal scheme involves three stages of pumping namely Jack well located on the downstream side of Hidkal irrigation storage dam, first Intermediate Pumping Station (IPS) at Kundargi and second Intermediate Pumping Station at Tummarguddi village. Raw water transmission to Laxmitek WTP is carried out by a combination of pumping and gravity mains. Belgaum Municipal Corporation operates and maintains Rakaskop water supply system and distribution in the city. Hidkal water supply system is being operated and maintained upto the water treatment plant by KUWSDB. The O & M of both the systems has been outsourced. Belgaum is also one of the three ULBs which are included in the Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Sector reform process in Karnataka Urban Water and Sanitation Sector Improvement Project supported by The World Bank as a demonstration project.

Table B-1: Water supply overview in Belgaum. System Design Capacity Present Supply MLD MLD Rakaskop Water Supply System 54.55 40.90 Hidkal Water Supply System 54.55 15.90 Total 109.10 56.80 Source: Belgaum CC/KUWSDB.

Raw Water Pumping Station at Hindalga for Rakaskop Scheme is a new pumping station built under KWASSIP project next to the old pumping house which is kept idle. The pump house is

30 World Bank KARNATAKA MUNICIPAL WATER PUMPING IMPROVEMENTS IN SIX TOWNS DRAFT REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT AND PREPARING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN located along the Markandeya River (a tributary of Ghataprabha River) and surrounding landuse is mostly agricultural. There are no settlements around the pumping station and sufficient buffer has been maintained around the station.

For Hidkal Water Supply System as mentioned earlier Ghataprabha River is the source of water. Intake works are located near the road from Belgaum to Hattargi, on the downstream side of Hidkal irrigation storage dam. The right bank irrigation canal starts from the dam, while the left bank canal starts from the old Dupadal weir, located about 15 km on the downstream. The water is released from the dam regularly for filling the Dupadal weir, due to which the river bed at the intake works of Belgaum water supply system always remains charged.

At the river head works, pumping station is located off main road and consists of Rectangular intake well, Circular Jackwell overhead pump house. Pumps are installed in the overhead pump house, while the control panels, starters etc are housed in a separate rectangular switch room. Surrounding landuse is mostly barren and canal on one side. No settlements are around the pumping station. The ambient environment is observed to be free from any air and noise pollution.

The first intermediate pumping station is located at Kundargi, about 6.55 km from the head works. The pump house structure is located off main road and consists of one rectangular pump house with AC sheet roofing, constructed by the side of the sump. Few residential structures are located in close proximity of the pumping station and most of the surrounding landuse is barren and agricultural. The second intermediate pumping station at Tummarguddi village is located about 15.26 km from the Kundargi pumping station. This pumping station consists of one rectangular pump house, by the side of the sump and surrounding landuse is mainly agricultural.

B-3 Proposed Energy Efficiency Recommendations at Pumping Stations

The energy Audit conducted in July 2003 covered all water pumping stations in Belgaum. Several short and medium term energy efficiency measures were recommended based on evaluation and energy saving potential and economic viability The ultimate objective of the component is to optimize the improve the bulk water pumping efficiency by improving pumping component and efficient management The component attributes are:

Table B-2 Proposed energy efficiency Recommendation Rakasakoppa Pumping Station

ECM 1 Installation of new efficient pumps Replacing the existing 250 HP and 200 HP pumps ongoing/May 2008 with higher capacity pumps (Rakaskop)

ECM 3 Improving the main water flow distribution Improving the main water flow distribution system ongoing/May 2008 system (Hidkal)

ECM 4 Reduction in leaks and other unaccounted The leakage prone 1200 mm pipeline over 10 km ongoing/May 2008 for water from Kundargi to Tummerguddi.

ECM 6 Optimization of existing infrastructure n/a n/a through better metering and monitoring measures Hindalga Pumping Station 31 World Bank KARNATAKA MUNICIPAL WATER PUMPING IMPROVEMENTS IN SIX TOWNS DRAFT REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT AND PREPARING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Hindalga Pumping Station

ECM 1 Installation of new efficient pumps Replacing 400 HP pump sets by new 600 HP ones ongoing/May 2008 with adequate head resulting in energy savings on daily basis.

ECM 6 Optimization of existing infrastructure n/a n/a through better metering and monitoring measures

Source: PDD, World Bank

B-4 Environmental Setting

The city is characterised by Musketry hills to west and Turukmatti hills to the north at an altitude of about 779 m giving a general slope to the southeast direction. The City is situated on a sloping terrain. Soil in Belgaum is categorised into Red Lateritic, Black Trappean and Sandy soil. Black cotton soil is also predominant in the region. The geological formation of Belgaum chiefly consists of the Dharwars, Gneisses, Kaladgi series and the Deccan trap. Soil is categorised by Red Laterite, Black Trappean soil and Sandy soil. The ground water level in Belgaum is relatively shallow and fluctuates between 5 - 10 m from the ground level.

Climate

The climatic condition in Belgaum is generally salubrious. The lowest and highest temperatures are recorded in the months of January and April, with 14.3C and 35.4C respectively. The wet months are from May to October and dry months are from November to March. The best weather is experienced in the months of November, December and January. The city receives average rainfall of 1300 mm and about 68% of the annual rainfall precipitates during the south-west

32 World Bank KARNATAKA MUNICIPAL WATER PUMPING IMPROVEMENTS IN SIX TOWNS DRAFT REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT AND PREPARING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN monsoon season, which lasts from June to September. The humidity is over 85% during monsoon and about 30% between January and March, the driest part of the year. The predominant wind direction in Belgaum is south-east to north-east. The winds blow mainly from south-west and west during the period from April to September. In October, winds blow commonly between North and East directions. During November and December, winds are mostly North- easterly or easterly, while in January they are south westerly or westerly. Water Resources

Rivers Ghataprabha and Malaprabha cross Belgaum from west to east and form watersheds that divide the Ghataprabha basin from the Krishna basin in the south. However, all these surface water bodies are outside the city limits of Belgaum. Bellary Nala and Lendi Nala are the two streams flowing in Belgaum. Kotekere Lake in the Northeast of the city is an important water body in the city and has a large command area.

Ground water level in Belgaum owing to high infiltration rates is relatively shallow and fluctuates around 5-10 m from the ground level. In terms of quality, no major contamination is reported in the city. However, no specific information on ground water was available with the authorities and hence the same could not be analyzed.

Ambient Air Quality

The ambient air quality status of Belguam shows all the pollutants in the ambient air are with in the prescribed limits of the Pollution control board. There are two monitoring stations in Belgaum and both are located in industrial areas. The following Table shows the ambient air quality values of Belguam. Table B-3: Ambient Air Quality of Belgaum Auto Nagar Udhyambhag Ambient air quality Average value of air Average value of air standard pollutant pollutant (Industrial area) g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 TSPM 18.75 27.08 360 RSPM 27.08 85.41 120 SOx -- -- 80 NOx ------Source: KSPCB Annual Report 2002 - 03 Noise Environment

There is no existing data available on noise levels for Belgaum corporation area. Hence the base line profile of the same is not presented. Ecological Environment

Even though Belgaum district ranks fifth in forest area, among all the district of the Karnataka, no forest is situated within its city limits. Forests are noticed mostly on the spurs of the Western Ghats. Moist deciduous forests are noticed in the rainfall areas of 1000 mm and above. These forests are found in areas around Khanapur. In these types of forests, rosewood, teakwood, hone, matti, nandi etc., are commonly seen. The district has a rich variety of fauna. Wild animals commonly found are the leopard cat, jungle cat, toddy cat, Indian civet, striped hyena, small Indian mangoose, Indian jackal, wild dog, common porcupine, giant flying squirrel, wild pig etc.

But these are confined to forest areas and agricultural lands, and are hardly found within the city. Socio-Economic Environment

Belgaum city, being the fifth largest city of Karnataka, the District and Division headquarter of Belgaum district. The City Corporation jurisdiction extends upto an area of 94.08 sq. km, housing 3.99 lakh population within 58 wards. The industries, educational institutions and the cantonment significantly contribute to the economic growth of the city. The compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) has remained steady between 3.61 percent and 3.01 percent, through the period 1971 to 1991. The total Workforce Participation Rate (main workers and marginal workers as a percentage to the total population) was around 27 percent from 1991 to 2001.

The population density for Belgaum has increased from 2,601 persons per sq. km to 4,247 persons per sq. km (a growth of 63.28 percent).The current sex ratio (female population per 1,000 male population) in Belgaum is 951, which is lower than the district figure of 959. In 2001, the literacy rate (percentage of literate population to the total population above six years of age) in the city was 88.03 percent. The male and female literacy rate was 93.63 percent and 82.16 percent, respectively. Cultural and Historical Monuments

Belgaum has a rich cultural past and the core city has developed around the existing fort. The Fort, two Jain temples, the remains of a Hindu temple and Safa Masjid are recorded as historical monuments under the central protection category.

B-5 Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

The audit for environmental impacts is broken down into four categories, coinciding with the implementation phases of the project: Location Impacts The location of recommendations for energy efficiency is at existing pumping stations. The pumping stations for Rakaskop as well as Hidkal scheme are located within agricultural and barren land. There are no major settlements in close proximity of the Pumping stations. The ambient environmental conditions were observed to be free from any kind of pollution. Since the existing environment is a built environment, no land acquisition is expected and recommendations would be carried on the same locations and hence no location impacts are considered likely. Impacts due to energy efficiency recommendations As the recommendations are more of upgrading existing systems with technologically superior mechanical and electrical components, no impact is anticipated. Moreover most of the recommendations like surrendering of excess contract demand, increasing pf values are policy and efficiency level decisions and are unlikely to have any environmental impact. Implementation/ Construction Impacts Most of the recommendations proposed at Rakaskop and Hidkal scheme pumping stations have are currently being implemented under KWASSIP and no new construction activities are anticipated for energy efficiency measures and hence no impacts are likely. Operation and Maintenance Impacts During operation phase there are likely to be non-significant and reversible impacts in the project

34 World Bank KARNATAKA MUNICIPAL WATER PUMPING IMPROVEMENTS IN SIX TOWNS DRAFT REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT AND PREPARING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN area which are likely to affect the workers. These include high noise and vibrations level, waste disposal of maintenance related materials and safety for workers from likely accidents.

1. Impact due to noise and vibrations level: The pumping stations are expected to be operated all through the day. Since there are no sensitive locations or settlements at the locations of the all pumping stations, very minimal impact is envisaged. However the noise and vibrations might lead to nuisances to workers. The pumping equipments have high noise levels in the range of 80 - 95 dB (A) depending on the type of machinery used, which can affect the personnel operating the machines. The workers in general are likely to be exposed to an equivalent noise level of 80 to 90 dB (A) in an 8-hour shift, for which all precautions should be taken into consideration. Mitigation Measures Mitigation measures are suggested for workers and pumping machineries. Since the pumping machinery has been already installed and in operations no specific engineering noise control measures would be applicable. Implementation measures are suggested for protection of workers from high and continuous noise. Full mitigation for noise impact is not expected.

Mitigation for workers would include  The operator and worker areas for sitting or resting shall be located away from pumping machinery locations  Workers shall be provided with noise protection measures like Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as earmuffs (over-the-head) or disposable earplugs  To prevent long term health implications Regular annual health checkups for the workers shall to be taken up.  Noise monitoring shall be taken up at the pumping station locations.

Noise Mitigation techniques for pumping machinery would include:  Regular maintenance of pumping machinery shall be taken up as per specifications of the manufacturer.  Vegetation planting around periphery boundary of pumping stations shall be taken up.

Mitigation Measures  Different types of waste shall be segregated and stored in different containers to enhance reuse or recycling of materials and their proper disposal  Record of type, amount of wastes generated, recycled and disposed (including the disposal sites) shall be maintained in separate register  The disposal shall not be done at sensitive locations, natural water bodies or near settlements. Waste like oil, grease/lubricant, metal scrap and building debris should be disposed off to designated dealers or designated locations with prior approval from the respective Municipal engineers.

3. Operational Health and Safety of workers: Specific impacts in this phase include hazards to health and safety of workmen working in the pumping station. The following occupational health issues may be encountered during pumping activities:

 Physical hazards in pumping operations may be related to handling of large, heavy materials and machine parts; accidents related to heavy mechanical movement; injuries due to machinery accidents; and injuries due to falls from elevation (e.g. high platforms, ladders, and stairs).  Electrical and fire hazards related to shocks, fires due to faults in electrical panels

Mitigation Measures  Occupational health and safety provisions and implementation shall be included in O&M Contract of pumping stations.  Occupational Health and Safety Plan for workforce shall be implemented for protection against physical, electrical and fire hazards with due provision of appropriate protective equipments and gears to workers on the site.  Training for workers on handling potential site emergencies, dangers, including potential health effects shall be given.

Table B-4: Summary of Impacts Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Preliminary Costing Location None potentially N/a N/a N/a significant Technical recommendation None potentially N/a N/a N/a significant Implementations/ Construction None potentially N/a N/a N/a significant Operation and Maintenance Noise and vibrations INR 2500/- for each PPE leading to nuisances to (earmuff) Providing noise Personal Protective workers and Minimum 4 (considering Equipment (PPE) such as earmuffs to neighbours 4 personnel in each shift workers ) for each pumping station INR 150/- per Sqm of vegetation (Appox. 100 Sqm or land available along the Two rows of Tree planting/vegetation on boundary wall at each the periphery of the pumping stations Municipal pumping station) Annual Corporation / maintenance INR KUWSDB/ O&M 10,000/- at each Agency pumping station Noise Monitoring At pumping station (INR Noise measurements should be conducted 2500/-each location) Minimum two locations at each pumping Station Health check-up cost per operator level employee INR 1000/-per annum. Regular Health checkups for workers (Considering 10 employees per pumping station) Generation of waste Different types of waste should be Municipal and disposal segregated and stored in different Corporation/ No cost Implications containers to enhance reuse or recycling KUWSDB/ O&M of materials and their proper disposal Agency

Records of wastes for type, amount of

wastes generated, recycled and disposed

Storage and disposal of waste at pre- designated and approved location or waste recycle dealers. Inclusion of Occupational Safety Plan in No cost Implications O&M guidelines Occupational Safety Plan for workforce Fire fighting equipments which will include: like fie extinguishers @ INR 3000/Unit (minimum 1. Protection against physical, electrical 4 for each pumping and fire hazards station)

Hazards to 2. Adequate personal safety precaution Each set of personal Municipal health/safety of measures like wearing of gloves, helmets, safety precaution Corporation/ workmen earplugs, safety shoes etc., equipments INR 2500/- KUWSDB/ O&M (Minimum 4sets – Agency considering 4 personnel in each shift for each 3.Training for workers on handling pumping station) First potential site emergencies, dangers, aid equipments and including potential health effects accessories INR 2500/-

The cost of implementing above mitigation measures as capital costs for equipments works out to INR 2.0 lakhs (INR 0.50 lakhs for each pumping station).The training and maintenance is estimated at INR 1.43 lakhs per annum (INR 0.38 lakhs for IPS-2 and 0.35 lakhs for other pumping station per annum).

B-6 Institutional Requirements and Environmental Monitoring Plan

The executing agency for energy efficiency programme is the respective Municipal Corporation. For environmental concerns Municipal Corporation would be supported by Environmental Unit of KUIDFC. During the operational phase, the Corporation (or any O&M agency if work is outsourced), with the assistance of KUWSDB and the KUIDFC will be responsible for monitoring the environmental parameters of pumping stations.

Table B-5 : Environmental Monitoring Plan and Responsibilities Mitigation Parameters to Measurements Frequency Responsibility Measures be Monitored Occupational Implementation of Observation of work Yearly check on Municipal Health and Occupational health and practices and checking implementation Corporation/ Safety safety provisions in the conformity with of OHS the O & M Plan O&M OHS provisions measures and agency Contract annual training Supervision by Environmental Unit of KUIDFC

Mitigation Parameters to Measurements Frequency Responsibility Measures be Monitored Noise and Noise Monitoring At Noise monitoring at Once every six Municipal vibrations pumping station pumping station months Corporation / Mitigation Minimum two locations Equivalent noise levels the O&M at each pumping Station using noise level meter agency and should include Readings @ 15 seconds 1.within the pump-house interval for 15 minutes Supervision by at workers sitting area per hour Environmental 2. within 50m downward Unit of wind direction To be verified for KUIDFC 3.Location of residential National Noise areas (near IPS-2) standards

B-7 Findings and Recommendations Impacts of all the technical recommendations suggested for energy efficiency at all the pumping stations are minor and mitigation possibilities are available. Particular environmental issues identified are those which are typical for the pumping equipments and mitigations needs to be taken up as suggested in EMP and monitoring plan.

SECTION C. GULBARGA

C-1 Introduction

Gulbarga city is a divisional headquarters and is among the largest municipal corporations in the State. Gulbarga has historical significance dating back to the Bahamani period in 14th century. The city has developed as a regional market and service centre in lieu of its connectivity to Mumbai, Bangalore and Hyderabad. The majority of the city's outbound shipments consist of food products and other agricultural items. Gulbarga is an important tourism centre in the state. The main tourist attractions in the town are the monuments belonging to the erstwhile Bahamani rulers.

Gulberga is one of the six urban local bodies (ULBs) selected to undertake energy efficiency projects that will generate carbon financing from the World Bank under their Community Development Carbon Fund. As part of the Bank’s requirements to identify critical environment and social safeguard risks and prepare safeguard management plan before the proposed carbon finance operation can be approved, an environmental audit needs to be conducted and an environmental management plan to be prepared focusing on environmental issues associated with water treatment, use and discharge; environmental issues associated with waste disposal; and occupational health and safety hazards associated with the camp site and construction management activities.

C-2 Overview of Current Bulk Water Supply System

Gulbarga city water supply works are covered in the proposed Karnataka Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Improvement Project (KUWASSIP) supported by the World Bank as Priority Investment. Water Supply to Gulberga is through three sources namely Bhoga, Bennithora and Bhima Rivers. Presently there is no water supply through Bhogasa source due to insufficient quantity of water and at Bennithora scheme the strengthening of rising main is under progress under KUWSSIP Project.

The Bennithora River Water Supply System second stage water supply development took place in year 1978, with Bennithora river as the source of water and is designed supply 9 MLD.The source works are located at a distance of about 20 kms from the Sultanpur water treatment plant and consist of an intake well, connecting main laid for a length of 51 m, Jackwell and pump house. The landuse around the project location is mostly barren and agricultural. Bhima scheme was developed in 1993, as the earlier two stages from Bhosga Reservoir and Bennithora River were not dependable for steady supply to the city throughout the year. A barrage has been constructed near village Saradgi, about 27.50 km from the city and the water is pumped by two stages namely Jack well at the river source and Intermediate Pumping Station at Kotnoor. Raw Water Abstraction consists of a RCC intake well, RCC Jackwell constructed on the bank; and pump house constructed over the jack well. The works are recently constructed and in good condition. The landuse surrounding the pumping stations is predominantly agricultural. Bhima water supply system is currently being operated and maintained by KUWSDB while the City Corporation is looking after the O & M of Bennithora system.

Table C-1: Existing Water Supply Sources. Source Design Capacity Present Supply mld mld Bhosga Reservoir 9.09 - Bennithora River 18.18 4.55 Bhima River 25.00 21.60 Wells 3.41 1.14 Total 55.68 27.29 Source: CC Gulbarga and KUWSDB

C-3 Proposed Energy Efficiency Recommendations at Pumping Stations The energy Audit conducted in April 2003 covered all water pumping stations. Several Short term energy efficiency measures were recommended based on evaluation and energy saving potential and economic viability. The ultimate objective is to optimize and improve the bulk water pumping efficiency by improving pumping component and efficient management.

Table C-2. Proposed energy efficiency Recommendation

Bennithora Pumping Station Measures Code Title of Measures Description Status/Date of Implementation

ECM 2 Optimization of the existing pumps Manifold and piping remodelled to improve ongoing/May 2008 efficiency (on going works)

ECM 3 Improving the main water flow distribution Improving the main water flow distribution ongoing/May 2008 system system (on going works)

ECM 4 Reduction in leaks and other unaccounted for n/a n/a water

ECM 5 Water pumping station operations optimization n/a n/a

ECM 6 Optimization of existing infrastructure through n/a n/a better metering and monitoring measures

Bhima Pumping Station Measures Code Title of Measures Description Status/Date of Implementation

ECM 1 Installation of new efficient pumps At Saradji head works, 750 HP pump set is ongoing/May 2008 replaced by 1400 HP with higer head- The existing 650 HP is replaced by 1000 HP pump set.

ECM 3 Improving the main water flow distribution n/a n/a system ECM 4 Reduction in leaks and other unaccounted for n/a n/a water ECM 5 Water pumping station operations optimization n/a n/a

ECM 6 Optimization of existing infrastructure through n/a n/a better metering and monitoring measures

C-4 Environmental Setting

Located on vast expanse of gently undulating plain, the terrain drains towards south and southeast towards Bhima River located at 25 km away from the Gulbarga. The City is surrounded by small hillocks towards the north and northwest side. The general elevation in the region varies between 330 m and 650 m. The city is spread around Sharavana Basveshwara Lake, an important natural water body.

The city is located in the rich agricultural tracts of Krishna River basin and the soil is characterized by fertile Block Cotton soil. The main geological formations seen in Gulbarga are Pleistocene and Recent (consisting of soil and laetrite, alluvium and recent conglomerates), tertiary (comprised of deccan traps and inter trappeans and intra-trappeans), puranas (composed of upper Bhima shales and sandstones), archean (comprising peninsular gneiss with associated younger granites) and Dharwar schists. The characteristic rock types found are hard and compact rocks called basalts. Overlying the Deccan traps and the Bhimas, there are thick spreads of black soil. In the area occupied by granites, the soil varies from loamy to sandy. Pebbles of chert, limestone, shale and granite are frequently found embedded in these soils. The kinds of minerals found in the district include gold ochre, feldspar, gypsum and copper.

Climatic Conditions

The region experiences extreme climatic conditions with very high temperatures during the summer and low during the winters. Although it is divided into three distinct seasons: summer, from February to July; monsoon, from August to September; and winter, from October to January; the city experience generally hot and humid climate with prolonged summer. The Temperature ranges from 40o C to 16o C. Humidity ranges between 40 percent and 60 percent. The average annual rainfall is around 730 mm. The mean maximum humidity of the city is around 60% in the morning, with a minimum of about 40%. During monsoons humidity increases up to 70 percent in the mornings and 50 percent in the evening. The predominant wind direction in Gulbarga is from west to south-west in the monsoon season and from east to north east during winter seasons.

Water Resources

Krishna and Bhima are the major rivers of Gulbarga region. Kagina River originates in Andhra Pradesh and joins Bhima in the district. Bennithora, a tributary of Bhima, flows through the district. While Bhima and Bennithora Rivers are the major water supply sources of Gulbarga, none of these flow through the city. Kotnoor Nala is a major natural stream, flows from north to south, in the eastern part of the city and joins Bhima River at about 1 km upstream of the intake well for water supply to the city. Sharavana Basaveshwara Lake is an important water body in the city around which the city has developed.

KSPCB monitors ground water quality at about 11 locations in Gulbarga and at 3 locations at Bhima River. Analysis of information on water quality for the past 3 years indicates that the water quality is well within the drinking water quality standards prescribed in IS 10500. The critical parameters such pH, Chlorides, hardness, range from 7-8, 200-400 mg/l and 300 – 500 mg/l

41 World Bank KARNATAKA MUNICIPAL WATER PUMPING IMPROVEMENTS IN SIX TOWNS DRAFT REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT AND PREPARING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN respectively. However, no information is available on the ground water level in the city. Based on discussions with the municipal engineers and local residents, it is noted that ground water levels in Gulbarga are around 50 – 100 m below ground level.

Ambient Air Quality

The ambient air quality data is available at two monitoring stations; both are located in commercial areas. The ambient air quality at the GDA building shows that the respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM) values are slightly exceeding the limits and other pollutants are well with in the limits. At monitoring results at Janatha Bazaar shows that the total suspended particulate matter (TSPM) in the ambient air is much higher than the specified limit. The high levels of SPM can be mainly attributed to the vehicular movement on the dusty roads. The dry weather conditions in the area are adding to this problem.

Table C-3: Ambient Air Quality of Gulbarga Parameter GDA Building Janatha Bazar Ambient air quality Average value of air Average value of air standard pollutant pollutant g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 TSPM 156.00 541.66 360 RSPM 122.65 111.71 120 Sox 4.23 6.28 80 NOx 5.96 4.05 80 Source: KSPCB Annual Report 2002 – 03

Noise Environment

There is no existing data available on noise levels for activities in any part of the Gulbarga Corporation area.

Ecological Environment

Gulbarga is situated in the dry-climate belt, due to which lofty hill ranges are absent. Therefore flora and fauna is not diverse. The land classified under forests is only 4% in entire district. The deciduous forest has been exploited and most of the forests have become barren. Wildlife is also not profuse thanks to the absence of evergreen forests.

The total population of City Corporation area is 430,108 as per census 2001. The city shows an average population growth rate of 40 percent in the last two decades, against a high growth rate of 50 percent in the 60’s and 70’s. The compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of population from 1961 to 1981 is 4.2 percent and has since sustained at 3.5 percent in the last two decades (1981-2001).The current sex ratio (female population per 1,000 male populations) in Gulbarga is 920, which is lower than the State urban average of 940 . Across districts, Gulbarga has one of the lowest literacy rates in the district (50.65 percent, as per census 2001).

Gulbarga District is one of the four backward districts of North Karnataka. It lies in the Hyderabad- Karnataka region that has been categorized as industrially backwards. Although the economy of

Gulbarga district is predominantly agricultural in nature, the primary drivers of Gulbarga city’s economy are the trade and commerce, transport and service sector (mainly small industrial units, government jobs). Approximately 68 percent of the city’s population is involved in service sector.

Cultural and Historical Monuments

The city of Gulbarga has a rich cultural past and has grown around the Fort. The Bahamani Fort and the Hafth Gumbaz are recorded as historical monuments by the Archaeological Survey of India and categorised under central protection. Inside the fort there is the great mosque, Baragaza top (cannon) and Ranga Mandal. The Sharavana Basaweshvara Temple and the numerous Domes or Gumbaz are found in and around the old city area.

C-5 Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

The audit for environmental impacts is broken down into four categories, coinciding with the implementation phases of the project: Location Impacts The location of recommendations for energy efficiency is at existing pumping stations. The pumping stations for Bhima Scheme at River intake point and Intermediate Station at Kotnoor are located within agricultural and barren land. There are no settlements in close proximity of the Pumping stations. The ambient environmental conditions were observed to be free from any kind of pollution. Since the existing environment is a built environment, no land acquisition is expected and recommendations would be carried on the same locations, no location impacts are considered likely. Impacts due to energy efficiency recommendations As the recommendations are more of upgrading existing systems with technologically superior mechanical and electrical components, no impact is anticipated. Moreover most of the recommendations like surrendering of excess contract demand, increasing pf values are policy and efficiency level decisions and are unlikely to have any environmental impact. Implementation/ Construction Impacts Most of the physical recommendations proposed at Bhima Scheme pumping stations are currently being implemented under KWASSIP and hence no impacts are likely. A pumping station has been constructed at Jack Well location and an EMP has been implemented for the same under KWASSIP project. The recommendation for energy efficiency do not envisage any further construction works and unlikely to have any impact. Operation and Maintenance Impacts During operation phase there are likely to be non-significant and reversible impacts in the project area which are likely to affect the workers. These include high noise and vibrations level, waste disposal of maintenance related materials and safety for workers from likely accidents.

1. Impact due to noise and vibrations level: The pumping stations are expected to be operated all through the day. Since there are no sensitive locations or settlements at the locations of the all pumping stations, very minimal impact is envisaged. However the noise and vibrations might lead to nuisances to workers. The pumping equipments have high noise levels in the range of 80 - 95 dB (A) depending on the type of machinery used, which can affect the personnel operating the machines. The workers in general are likely to be exposed to an equivalent noise level of 80 to 90 dB (A) in an 8-hour shift, for which all precautions should be taken into consideration.

Mitigation Measures Mitigation measures are suggested for workers and pumping machineries. Since the pumping machinery has been already installed and in operations no specific engineering noise control measures would be applicable. Implementation measures are suggested for protection of workers from high and continuous noise. Full mitigation for noise impact is not expected.

Mitigation for workers would include  The operator and worker areas for sitting or resting shall be located away from pumping machinery locations  Workers shall be provided with noise protection measures like Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as earmuffs (over-the-head type)  To prevent long term health implications Regular annual health checkups for the workers shall to be taken up.  Noise monitoring shall be taken up at the pumping station locations.

Noise Mitigation techniques for pumping machinery would include:  Regular maintenance of pumping machinery should be taken up as per specifications of the manufacturer.  Vegetation planting around periphery boundary of pumping stations should be taken up.

Mitigation Measures  Occupational health and safety provisions and implementation shall be included in O&M Contract of pumping stations.

 Occupational Health and Safety Plan for workforce shall be implemented for protection against physical, electrical and fire hazards with due provision of appropriate protective equipments and gears to workers on the site.  Training for workers on handling potential site emergencies, dangers, including potential health effects shall be given.

Table C-4: Summary of Impacts Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Preliminary Costing Location None potentially N/a N/a N/a significant Technical recommendation None potentially N/a N/a N/a significant Implementations/ Construction None potentially N/a N/a N/a significant Operation and Maintenance Noise and vibrations INR 2500/- for each PPE leading to nuisances to (earmuff) Providing noise Personal Protective workers and Minimum 4 (considering Equipment (PPE) such as earmuffs to neighbours 4 personnel in each shift workers ) for each pumping station INR 150/- per Sqm of vegetation (Appox. 100 Sqm or land available along the Two rows of Tree planting/vegetation on boundary wall at each the periphery of the pumping stations Municipal pumping station) Annual Corporation / maintenance INR KUWSDB/ O&M 10,000/- at each Agency pumping station Noise Monitoring At pumping station (INR Noise measurements should be conducted 2500/-each location) Minimum two locations at each pumping Station Health check-up cost per operator level employee INR 1000/-per annum. Regular Health checkups for workers (Considering 10 employees per pumping station) Different types of waste should be segregated and stored in different containers to enhance reuse or recycling of materials and their proper disposal Municipal Generation of waste Corporation/KU and disposal Records of wastes for type, amount of WSDB /O&M No cost Implications wastes generated, recycled and disposed Agency Storage and disposal of waste at pre- designated and approved location or waste recycle dealers. Hazards to Inclusion of Occupational Safety Plan in Municipal No cost Implications health/safety of O&M guidelines Corporation/ O & workmen Occupational Safety Plan for workforce M Fire fighting equipments which will include: agencyKUWSDB/ like fie extinguishers @ 1. Protection against physical, electrical O&M Agency INR 3000/Unit (minimum and fire hazards 4 for each pumping 2. Adequate personal safety precaution station)

measures like wearing of gloves, helmets, earplugs, safety shoes etc., Each set of personal 3.Training for workers on handling safety precaution potential site emergencies, dangers, equipments INR 2500/- including potential health effects (Minimum 4sets – considering 4 personnel in each shift for each pumping station) First aid equipments and accessories INR 2500/-

The cost of implementing above mitigation measures as capital costs for equipments works out to INR 1.50 lakhs (INR 0.50 lakhs for each pumping station).The training and maintenance is estimated at INR 1.05 lakhs per annum (INR 0.35 lakhs for each pumping stations per annum).

C-6 Institutional Requirements and Environmental Monitoring Plan

The executing agency for energy efficiency programme is the Gulbarga Municipal Corporation through KUWSDB which are handling bulk water supply schemes to the city. For environmental concerns Municipal Corporation would be supported by Environmental Unit of KUIDFC. During the operational phase, the Corporation (or any O&M agency if work is outsourced), with the assistance of KUWSDB will be responsible for monitoring the environmental parameters of pumping stations.

Table C-5: Environmental Monitoring Plan and Responsibilities Mitigation Parameters to Measurements Frequency Responsibility Measures be Monitored Occupational Implementation of Observation of work Yearly check on Municipal Health and Occupational health and practices and checking implementation Corporation/O Safety safety provisions in the conformity with of OHS & M agency Plan O&M Contract OHS provisions measures and annual training Supervision by Environmental Unit of KUIDFC Noise and Noise Monitoring At Noise monitoring at Once every six Municipal vibrations pumping station pumping station months Corporations / Mitigation Minimum two locations Equivalent noise levels O & M agency at each pumping Station using noise level meter and should include Readings @ 15 seconds Supervision by 1.within the pump-house interval for 15 minutes Environmental at workers sitting area per hour Unit of 2. within 50m downward KUIDFC wind direction To be verified for 3.Location of residential National Noise areas (Booster standards pumping station)

Mitigation Parameters to Measurements Frequency Responsibility Measures be Monitored Provision of Type and location of Visual inspection One-off Municipal landscape vegetation planting and of site preparation inspection Corporation buffer zone maintenance of plants. activities during of planting around vegetation planting and during pumping check on maintenance implementation station site regarding survival of and check plants during annual environmental review

C-7 Findings and Recommendations

Impact of all the technical recommendations suggested for energy efficiency at pumping stations is minor and partial mitigation possibilities are available. Most of the recommendations are in the phase of implementation. Particular environmental issues identified are those which are typical for the pumping equipments and mitigations needs to be taken up as suggested in EMP and monitoring plan.

SECTION D. BELLARY

D-1 Introduction

Geographically, Bellary is located at 140 30’ to 150 50’ North latitude and 750 41’ to 750 11’ East longitude at an altitude of 453 m above the mean sea level (MSL). The city of Bellary has a glorious history since the third century B.C., when it was part of the Ashoka Empire. The city was ruled by several well-known dynasties at different periods and it was territory of Vijayanagar rulers. At present, Bellary is an important trade, industrial and educational centre in the state of Karnataka.

Bellary Municipal Council is one of the six urban local bodies (ULBs) selected to undertake energy efficiency projects that will generate carbon financing from the World Bank under their Community Development Carbon Fund. As part of the Bank’s requirements to identify critical environment and social safeguard risks and prepare safeguard management plan before the proposed carbon finance operation can be approved, an environmental audit needs to be conducted and an environmental management plan to be prepared focusing on environmental issues associated with water treatment, use and discharge; environmental issues associated with waste disposal; and occupational health and safety hazards associated with the camp site and construction management activities.

D-2 Overview of Current Bulk Water Supply System

Water Supply to Bellary is through three schemes namely Hagari, Allipur and Moka. Allipur scheme was commissioned in 1912 with Tungabhadra High level canal source. The high level canal source operates for six month and for remaining six months during canal closure impounded water in reservoir near head works is utilised. Three pumping stations are utilised for this scheme, one used to pump water from raw water sump to Water treatment plant, the other one is used to pump pure water to Mother tank for distribution to various reservoirs in the city. The third pumping station is used to pump raw water to impounded reservoir to be used during lean season and is ideal for six month duration. Moka scheme located 13 km from the city. The pumping consists of three stages - raw water Low Lift Pumping Station near the Low Level Tungabhadra canal, clear water High Lift pumping station and clear water Booster Station at Gandhinagar. The landuse at all pumping stations except Gandhinagar (where it is residential) is predominantly agricultural. Bulk water supply system is currently being operated and maintained by KUWSDB while the City Corporation is looking after the O&M of distribution system

Table D-1: Existing Water Supply Sources. Source Design Capacity Present Supply mld mld Allipur 34.02 28.31 Moka 8.32 8.08 Hageri 1.50 - Total 43.84 36.39 Source: CC Bellary and KUWSDB

D-3 Proposed Energy Efficiency Recommendations at Pumping Stations

The energy Audit conducted in January-February 2003 covered all water pumping stations in Bellary. Several energy efficiency measures were recommended based on evaluation and energy saving potential and economic viability The ultimate objective of the component is to optimize the improve the bulk water pumping efficiency by improving pumping component and efficient management The component attributes are:

Table D-2 Proposed energy efficiency Recommendation Bellary - Allipur Scheme

ECM 1 Installation of new efficient pumps Two pump sets of 500 HP(100% stand-by) in ongoing/september replacement of 2*270 HP-As per the proposal of 2008 IESS, additional 500 HP will be added so that the demand gets adjusted to Allipur head works ECM 2 Optimization of the existing pumps Rectification of impellers for 200 HP pump sets. to ongoing/september improve the operating efficiency 2008

ECM 4 Reduction in leaks and other unaccounted n/a n/a for water-

ECM 5 Water pumping station operations Installation of capacitors to improve PF and avoid ongoing/september optimization penalty- Switching “OFF” the raw water pump 2008 house transformer for 6 months will not be implemented to avoid absorption of moisture and reissuing of connection annually. ECM 6 Optimization of existing infrastructure n/a n/a through better metering and monitoring measures

Bellary -Moka Scheme

ECM 1 Installation of new efficient pumps At high lift pump house, replacement of the existing ongoing/september pump sets 610 HP with energy efficient pumps 300 2008 Hp (100% Stand-by)- At low lift pump house, 2 *120 HP pump sets installed for surrounding the demand- Replacing the Booster pumps at Gandhinagar for optimum sizing (150 HP).

ECM 2 Optimization of the existing pumps Rectification of pump#2 to improve the operating ongoing/september efficiency 2008

ECM 5 Water pumping station operations Capacitors to improve PF at low lift pump house ongoing/september optimization switched on- At high lift pump house, new 90 KVAr 2008 capacitors are installed for PF correction.

ECM 6 Optimization of existing infrastructure n/a n/a through better metering and monitoring measures Source: PDD, World Bank

D-4 Environmental Setting

Bellary has a mix of plain and hilly terrain. The city is characterized by elevated in area at the center and slopes in all directions. However, city slopes towards south and northern side from central hilly portion of the city. The Tungabhadra Canal flows through the city. Iron ore and manganese mines are situated in the eastern side of Bellary. The soil of Bellary is characterised by Black soils of Bellary tract deep soils with clay content varying from 45 to 55 percent and are poor in organic matter. These soils swell upon wetting and shrink with drainage (40-50 percent). The infiltration capacity of the soil is very low. The City is surrounded by areas with red soil on its southwest and northwest and black cotton soil towards northeast and southwest parts of the city.

Climatic Conditions

Bellary is located in the arid region of the state in a mining belt. The climate is generally dry with temperatures in summer reaching a maximum of 43°C and a minimum of 20°C in winter. The city experiences southwest monsoon during the period of June to September and in post-monsoon during September to November. Humidity ranges from maximum of 77 percent during the month of January to minimum of 29 percent during the month of April. The wind speed is moderate and the predominant wind direction is northwest and southeast.

Water Resources

The city is bounded by two canals Tungabhadra High Level Canal and Low Level Canal, parts of which pass with the municipal boundary of the city. Bigunahal Vanka Nala flows in the southeast side of the city and running from southwest to northeast, ultimately joins Hagari River. The river flows in the east at a distance about 20 km from the city.

Ambient Air Quality

The ambient air quality status of Bellary shows that total suspended particulate matter (TSPM) in the ambient air is high and exceeds the prescribed limits near the station at KSPCB office. However, the SOx and NOx values are well with in the limits. The following shows the ambient air quality values of Bellary.

Table D-3: Ambient Air Quality of Bellary Paramet Vaddu Village KSCPB Office Ambient air quality er Average value of air Average value of air standard pollutant pollutant (Residential Areas) g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 TSPM 130.34 250.39 140 RSPM -- -- 60 Sox 18.60 1.93 60 NOx 1.13 0.83 60 Source: KSPCB Annual Report 2002 – 03

D-5 Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

The audit for environmental impacts is broken down into four categories, coinciding with the implementation phases of the project: Location Impacts The location of recommendations for energy efficiency is at existing pumping stations. The pumping stations for Allipur well as Moka scheme are located within agricultural and barren land. Except for Gandhinagar Booster Pumping Station there are no settlements in close proximity of the Pumping stations. The ambient environmental conditions were observed to be free from any kind of pollution. Since the existing environment is a built environment, no land acquisition is expected and recommendations would be carried on the same locations, no location impacts are considered likely. Impacts due energy efficiency recommendations As the recommendations are more of upgrading existing systems with technologically superior mechanical and electrical components, no impact is anticipated. Moreover most of the recommendations like surrendering of excess contract demand, increasing pf values are policy and efficiency level decisions and are unlikely to have any environmental impact. Implementation/ Construction Impacts Most of the recommendations proposed at Moka and Alipur scheme pumping stations are currently being implemented by KUWSDB under Improved Water Supply Scheme (IWSS) and Augmented Water Supply Scheme (AWSS) and no impacts are likely. The recommendation for energy efficiency do not envisage any further construction works and unlikely to have any impact. Operation and Maintenance Impacts During operation phase there are likely to be non-significant and reversible impacts in the project area which are likely to affect the workers. These include high noise and vibrations level, waste disposal of maintenance related materials and safety for workers from likely accidents.

Mitigation for workers would include  The operator and worker areas for sitting or resting shall be located away from pumping machinery locations  Workers shall be provided with noise protection measures like Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as earmuffs (over-the-head)

 To prevent long term health implications Regular annual health checkups for the workers shall to be taken up.  Noise monitoring shall be taken up at the pumping station locations.

Table D-4: Summary of Impacts Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Preliminary Costing Location None potentially N/a N/a N/a significant Technical recommendation None potentially N/a N/a N/a significant

Implementations/ Construction None potentially N/a N/a N/a significant Operation and Maintenance Noise and vibrations INR 2500/- for each PPE leading to nuisances to (earmuff) Providing noise Personal Protective workers and Minimum 4 (considering Equipment (PPE) such as earmuffs to neighbours 4 personnel in each shift workers ) for each pumping station INR 150/- per Sqm of vegetation (Appox. 100 Sqm or land available along the Two rows of Tree planting/vegetation on boundary wall at each the periphery of the pumping stations Municipal pumping station) Annual Corporation / maintenance INR KUWSDB/ O&M 10,000/- at each Agency pumping station Noise Monitoring At pumping station (INR Noise measurements should be conducted 2500/-each location) Minimum two locations at each pumping Station Health check-up cost per operator level employee INR 1000/-per annum. Regular Health checkups for workers (Considering 10 employees per pumping station) Different types of waste should be segregated and stored in different containers to enhance reuse or recycling of materials and their proper disposal Municipal Generation of waste Corporation/ and disposal Records of wastes for type, amount of KUWSDB/ O&M No cost Implications wastes generated, recycled and disposed Agency Storage and disposal of waste at pre- designated and approved location or waste recycle dealers. Inclusion of Occupational Safety Plan in No cost Implications O&M guidelines Occupational Safety Plan for workforce Fire fighting equipments which will include: like fie extinguishers @ 1. Protection against physical, electrical INR 3000/Unit (minimum and fire hazards 4 for each pumping 2. Adequate personal safety precaution station) measures like wearing of gloves, helmets, Hazards to earplugs, safety shoes etc., Each set of personal Municipal health/safety of 3.Training for workers on handling safety precaution Corporation/ workmen potential site emergencies, dangers, equipments INR 2500/- KUWSDB/ O&M including potential health effects (Minimum 4sets – Agency considering 4 personnel in each shift for each pumping station) First aid equipments and accessories INR 2500/-

The cost of implementing above mitigation measures as capital costs for equipments works out to INR 2.50 lakhs (INR 0.50 lakhs for each pumping station).The training and maintenance is estimated at INR 1.78 lakhs per annum (INR 0.38 lakhs for Booster Pumping Station at Gandhinagar and 0.35 lakhs for other pumping station per annum).

D-6 Institutional Requirements and Environmental Monitoring Plan

The executing agency for energy efficiency programme is the Bellary Municipal Corporation through KUWSDB which is handling bulk water supply schemes. For environmental concerns Municipal Council would be supported by Environmental Unit of KUIDFC. During the operational phase, the Corporation (or any O&M agency if work is outsourced), with the assistance of KUWSDB and KUIDFC will be responsible for monitoring the environmental parameters of pumping stations.

TableD-5: Environmental Monitoring Plan and Responsibilities Mitigation Parameters to Measurements Frequency Responsibility Measures be Monitored Occupational Implementation of Observation of work Yearly check on Municipal Health and Occupational health and practices and checking implementation Corporation/O Safety safety provisions in the conformity with of OHS & M agency Plan O&M OHS provisions measures and Contract annual training Supervision by Environmental Unit of KUIDFC Noise and Noise Monitoring at Noise monitoring at Once every six Municipal vibrations pumping station pumping station months Corporation /O Mitigation Minimum two locations Equivalent noise levels & M agency at each pumping Station using noise level meter and should include Readings @ 15 seconds Supervision by 1.within the pump-house interval for 15 minutes Environmental at workers sitting area per hour Unit of 2. within 50m downward KUIDFC wind direction To be verified for 3.Location of residential National Noise areas (Booster standards pumping station, Gandhinagar)

D-7 Findings and Recommendations

SECTION E. MANGALORE

E-1 Introduction

Mangalore is one of the largest urban coastal centers and fourth largest city of the Karnataka and is sited between the confluence of Nethravathi and Gurupura rivers on Western coast of India. It is the headquarters of Dakshina Kannda District and an administrative, commercial, educational and industrial center. An all weather port is located in Mangalore and is the only major port of Karnataka. It is bound in the east by the Western Ghats and in the west by the Arabian Sea

Mangalore is one of the six urban local bodies (ULBs) selected to undertake energy efficiency projects that will generate carbon financing from the World Bank under their Community Development Carbon Fund. As part of the Bank’s requirements to identify critical environment and social safeguard risks and prepare safeguard management plan before the proposed carbon finance operation can be approved, an environmental audit was conducted and an environmental management plan prepared focusing on environmental issues associated with water treatment, use and discharge; environmental issues associated with waste disposal; and occupational health and safety hazards associated with the camp site and construction management activities.

E-2 Overview of Current Bulk Water Supply System

The River Netravati, flowing in the south of Mangalore is main water supply source for the city and surroundings. A typical vented dam was constructed in 1993 across the river at Thumbe, about 21 km from the city for the purpose of water supply. About 91 MLD of water is supplied from the dam to the various places in and around Mangalore city. Water supply involves series of pumping stations namely Low Lift Pumping station from Netravati River Jack well location to clarification point, High Lift Pumping station from clarification complex to Break Pressure Tank (BPT) at hill top. From hill top BPT water flows by gravity to Water Treatment Complex at Bendoor and Panambur. From these locations water is pumped to overhead tanks of designated area for distribution.

Table E-1: Existing Water Supply Sources. Source Design Capacity Present Supply mld mld Netrvati Old scheme 91 91 Bore wells 1 1 - Total 92 92 Source: CC Mangalore

Improvement of city water supply is one of the components taken up under the project titled “Karnataka Urban Development and Coastal Environmental Management Project (KUDCEMP)”, the GoK has taken up development of 10 coastal towns with the financial assistance from the Asian Development Bank (ADB). A new vented dam on the upstream side of existing dam and new pumping station has been constructed under the above project.

E-3 Proposed Energy Efficiency Recommendations at Pumping Stations

The energy Audit conducted in April 2003 covered all water pumping stations in Mangalore. Several energy efficiency measures were recommended based on evaluation and energy saving potential and economic viability The ultimate objective of the component is to optimize the improve the bulk water pumping efficiency by improving pumping component and efficient management The component are:

Table E-2 Proposed energy efficiency Recommendation Mangalore- Thumbe- Low lift PS

ECM 5 Water pumping station operations Installation of capacitors to improve P.F and reduce ongoing/september optimization kVA demand/penalty- Merge the 2 HT connections 2008 at low-lift pumping station ECM 6 Optimization of existing infrastructure Electro-Magnetic flow meter, daily readings and ongoing/september through better metering and monitoring data recording (August 2007) 2008 measures Mangalore- Ramalakatte High lift PS

ECM 5 Water pumping station operations Installation of capacitors to improve P.F and reduce ongoing/september optimization kVA demand/penalty- install a new 1000 KVA 2008 transformer in replacement of 1 transformer of 750kVA rating to avoid parallel operation of the transformers ECM 6 Optimization of existing infrastructure n/a n/a through better metering and monitoring measures

Mangalore- Bendoor PS

ECM 1 Installation of new efficient pumps Suitable sizing of pumps for 9 Lakh Litres Overhead ongoing/september tanks- Suitable sizing of 90 HP pumps for 15 & 10 2008 Lakh Litres

ECM 5 Water pumping station operations Installation of capacitors to improve P.F and reduce ongoing/september optimization kVA demand/penalty- 2008

E-4 Environmental Setting Physiography and Soil

The topography of Mangalore is characterised by plains near river mouth along the coast to rolling and hilly terrain at the upper reaches of river. Due to heavy rainfall and steep slopes erosion of the top soil is prevalent. The underlying geological formation is of archaic origin and consists of metamorphic schist and crystalline gneiss with granite and quartzes outcrops, which readily decomposes into reddish felspharic clayish soil, which is deep and supports valuable evergreen and semi-evergreen forest. The soils are mostly lateritic, well drained with moderate erosion and shows high iron and aluminum content. The pH value indicates mild acidic character of the soil. The electrical conductivity is 1.1 mmhos/cm at 25C. The soil also has high organic matter with high nitrogen and low phosphorus. Climatic Condition

The climate of the Mangalore is marked by high humidity and an oppressive weather in hot season. Owing to its coastal location and being situated close to the Westerns Ghats, receives high amount of rainfall, the average annual rainfall being 3756 mm. The seasonal temperature 58 World Bank KARNATAKA MUNICIPAL WATER PUMPING IMPROVEMENTS IN SIX TOWNS DRAFT REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT AND PREPARING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN variations are quite small with maximum temperature around 33.7°C and minimum around 26.1°C. Morning monthly mean relative humidity ranges from 72 percent to as high as 95 percent. For most part of the year, i.e. from October to March, easterly winds are predominant with high wind speeds during the month of December in the range of 6 kmph to 11 kmph.

Water Resources

The project region is drained by River Netravati, River Gurupur and its tributaries. It carries great volume of water during monsoon. Small islands called ‘kudrus’ rising a few feet above the surface of the river are seen in the river. Backwater formed by sand spits is thrown up by meeting of the river and the littoral currents and runs several kilometers along the coast. The groundwater exaction due to the proximity with the coast is considered as sensitive. The State of Environment Report-2003 of Karnataka indicates about the salinity levels in the Netravati river basin. However, the groundwater development is stated to be normal. Ambient Air Quality

There secondary information available on ambient air quality for two locations at Bajpe Airport and Baikampadi Industrial Area. The information of monitoring at Bajpe Airport located about 21 Km from Mangalore available for 2001- 2002 and Baikampadi Industrial area in 2005-2006 indicate that the SPM values are within the prescribed limit and Oxides of sulphur (SO2 )Oxides of Nitrates (NOx) were found to be much below described limit.

Table E-3: Ambient Air Quality of Mangalore Parameter Baikampadi Industrial Area Ambient air quality standard Average value of air pollutant (Indusrial Areas) g/m3 g/m3 TSPM 319 360 RSPM 83 120 Sox 9.98 80 NOx 9.11 80 Source: KSPCB Annual Report 2005– 06

Ecological Environment

The district of Dakshina Kannada is blessed with rich and diverse forests. Most of the forests in the Mangalore division lie on the western slopes of the Western Ghats and their foothills to a width of about 25 km in a continuous belt. The ghat and foothills portions of reserved forests are situated about 70 km away from the coast and are generally well wooded. Principal forest types of the area are evergreen forest, semi evergreen forest, moist deciduous forest and other forests. The important species are Terminalia paniculata, Bambax ceiba, Mangifera indica, Dalbergia latifolia, Dillinia pentagyna, schkeichera oleosa, Alstonia scholarics, Xylia xylocarpa, Lagerstroemia lanceolata, Olea dioica, careya arborea, Emblica officinalis, Strychnos nux vomica etc. Socio-economic Environment

Mangalore had a population of 398,745 as per 2001 census. According to World Gazetteer; Mangalore's estimated population in 2008 was 431,976 with estimated urban population of 603,269. Mangalore has an average literacy rate of 83%, which is much higher than the national

59 World Bank KARNATAKA MUNICIPAL WATER PUMPING IMPROVEMENTS IN SIX TOWNS DRAFT REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT AND PREPARING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN average of 59.5%. Mangalore's economy is dominated by the agricultural processing and port- related activities. Mangalore is India's 9th largest cargo handling port handling 75% of India’s coffee exports and the bulk of its cashew nuts.

E-5 Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

The audit for environmental impacts is broken down into four categories, coinciding with the implementation phases of the project: Location Impacts The location of recommendations for energy efficiency is at existing pumping stations. The pumping station at intake point is near the Netravati River and predominant landuse is barren, at break pressure tank is predominantly barren and at WTP is residential. The ambient environmental conditions were observed to be free from any kind of pollution. Since the existing environment is a built environment, no land acquisition is expected and recommendations would be carried on the same locations, no location impacts are considered likely. Impacts due energy efficiency recommendations As the recommendations are more of upgrading existing systems with technologically superior mechanical and electrical components, no impact is anticipated. Moreover most of the recommendations like surrendering of excess contract demand, increasing pf values are policy and efficiency level decisions and are unlikely to have any environmental impact. Implementation/ Construction Impacts Most of the recommendations proposed at Netravati scheme pumping stations are currently being implemented by Mangalore Municipal Corporation. The recommendation for energy efficiency do not envisage any further construction works and unlikely to have any impact. Operation and Maintenance Impacts During operation phase there are likely to be non-significant and reversible impacts in the project area which are likely to affect the workers. These include high noise and vibrations level, waste disposal of maintenance related materials and safety for workers from likely accidents.

Mitigation for workers would include  The operator and worker areas for sitting or resting shall be located away from pumping machinery locations

 Workers shall be provided with noise protection measures like Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as earmuffs (over-the-head) or disposable earplugs  To prevent long term health implications Regular annual health checkups for the workers should to be taken up.  Noise monitoring should be taken up at the pumping station locations.

Table E-4: Summary of Impacts Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Preliminary Costing Location None potentially N/a N/a N/a significant

Technical recommendation None potentially N/a N/a N/a significant Implementations/ Construction None potentially N/a N/a N/a significant Operation and Maintenance Noise and vibrations INR 2500/- for each PPE leading to nuisances to (earmuff) Providing noise Personal Protective workers and Minimum 4 (considering Equipment (PPE) such as earmuffs to neighbours 4 personnel in each shift workers ) for each pumping station INR 150/- per Sqm of vegetation (Appox. 100 Sqm or land available along the Two rows of Tree planting/vegetation on boundary wall at each the periphery of the pumping stations Respective pumping station) Annual Municipal maintenance INR Corporation / 10,000/- at each KUWSDB/ O&M pumping station Agency Noise Monitoring At pumping station (INR Noise measurements should be conducted 2500/-each location) Minimum two locations at each pumping Station Health check-up cost per operator level employee INR 1000/-per annum. Regular Health checkups for workers (Considering 10 employees per pumping station) Different types of waste should be segregated and stored in different containers to enhance reuse or recycling of materials and their proper disposal Respective Generation of waste Corporation/ and disposal Records of wastes for type, amount of KUWSDB/ O&M No cost Implications wastes generated, recycled and disposed Agency Storage and disposal of waste at pre- designated and approved location or waste recycle dealers. Hazards to Inclusion of Occupational Safety Plan in Corporation/ No cost Implications health/safety of O&M guidelines KUWSDB/ O&M workmen Occupational Safety Plan for workforce Agency Fire fighting equipments which will include: like fie extinguishers @ 1. Protection against physical, electrical INR 3000/Unit (minimum and fire hazards 4 for each pumping 2. Adequate personal safety precaution station) measures like wearing of gloves, helmets, earplugs, safety shoes etc., Each set of personal 3.Training for workers on handling safety precaution potential site emergencies, dangers, equipments INR 2500/- including potential health effects (Minimum 4sets – considering 4 personnel in each shift for each pumping station) First aid equipments and accessories INR 2500/-

OHS Training cost of INR

10,000/- per session of 10 workers annually The cost of implementing above mitigation measures as capital costs for equipments works out to INR 1.50 lakhs (INR 0.50 lakhs for each pumping station).The training and maintenance is estimated at INR 1.05 lakhs per annum (INR 0.35 lakhs for each pumping station per annum).

A-6 Institutional Requirements and Environmental Monitoring Plan

The executing agency for energy efficiency programme is the Mangalore Municipal Corporation. For environmental concerns Municipal Corporation would be supported by Environmental Unit of KUIDFC. During the operational phase, the Corporation (or any O&M agency if work is outsourced), with the assistance of KUWSDB and KUIDFC will be responsible for monitoring the environmental parameters of pumping stations.

Table E-5 : Environmental Monitoring Plan and Responsibilities Mitigation Parameters to Measurements Frequency Responsibility Measures be Monitored Occupational Implementation of Observation of work Yearly check on Municipal Health and Occupational health and practices and checking implementation Corporation /O Safety safety provisions in the conformity with of OHS & M agency Plan O&M Contract OHS provisions measures and annual training Supervision by Environmental Unit of KUIDFC Noise and Noise Monitoring At Noise monitoring at Once every six Municipal vibrations pumping station pumping station months Corporation/O Mitigation Minimum two locations Equivalent noise levels & M Agency at each pumping Station using noise level meter and should include Readings @ 15 seconds Supervision by 1.within the pump-house interval for 15 minutes Environmental at workers sitting area per hour Unit of 2. within 50m downward KUIDFC wind direction To be verified for 3.Location of residential National Noise areas (Booster standards pumping station)

E-7 Findings and Recommendations

SECTION F. MYSORE

F-1 Introduction

Mysore is located in the southern part of the Deccan Peninsula. Geographically, Mysore lies at latitudes of 12 ̊30’N and longitudes of 76 ̊ 65’E. The city is spread across an area of 128.42 km² and is situated at the base of the Chamundi Hills.

Mysore Municipal Corporation is one of the six urban local bodies (ULBs) selected to undertake energy efficiency projects that will generate carbon financing from the World Bank under their Community Development Carbon Fund. As part of the Bank’s requirements to identify critical environment and social safeguard risks and prepare safeguard management plan before the proposed carbon finance operation can be approved, an environmental audit was conducted and an environmental management plan was prepared focusing on environmental issues associated with water treatment, use and discharge; environmental issues associated with waste disposal; and occupational health and safety hazards associated with the camp site and construction management activities as applicable.

F-2 Overview of Current Bulk Water Supply System

Water Supply to Mysore is from Cavery River through three schemes namely Hongalli (I - III Stages), Belagola (Old and New scheme) and Melapura The city got its first piped water supply when the Belagola project was commissioned in 1896. For Belagola and Hongalli scheme water is drawn from canals of Krishna Raj Sagar (KRS) dam namely Devaraya Canal and Right Bank Low Level (RBLL) respectively and pumped to Vani Vilas Water Works located at Yadavgiri. Melapura scheme commissioned in 2006 draws water directly from the river bed near Srirangapatana. Currently major portion of the total water processing is from Hongalli Scheme. The Melapura Scheme serves North Mysore and has not been covered under the study. Bulk water supply system is currently being operated and maintained by Mysore City Corporation

Table F-1: Existing Water Supply Sources. Source Design Capacity Present Supply mld mld Belagola 56 56 Hongally (Stage I and Stage II) 86 86 Melapura 50 50 Total 192 192 Source: CC Mysore and KUWSDB

Belagola Pumping Station which is located 8 km downstream from KRS dam is the oldest of the five. It began its operation in 1896 with a capacity of 10 MLD, augmented to 16 MLD and in 1998 to 52 MLD. The water is drawn from Devaraya Canal near Balamuri and pumped through three pumps to Vani Vilas Water Works (VVWW) in Yadavagiri. The pump house structure is an old one and pumping system has been replaced with a new one. The surrounding landuse is agricultural.

Hongalli 2nd Stage and 3rd Stage are located side by side one km downstream from KRS dam.

Both draw water from the Right Bank Low Level (RBLL) canal and pump to the high level reservoir in Yadavagiri. The predominant surrounding landuse here is agricultural and partly residential. Hongalli 3rd Stage pumps to the high level reservoir via a Booster Pumping Station located next to Vijaya Wires and Filaments in Belagola Industrial Area.

Melapura Pumping Station is the latest of the five pumping stations and began to work in 2002. It is located less than a km downstream from Sangam near Srirangapatna which draws water directly from the riverbed and pumps it to Rammanahalli, then the Devanur and German Press reservoirs. The present capacity of Melapura is 50 MLD. This is a recent system and hence has not been considered for energy efficiency recommendations.

F-3 Proposed Energy Efficiency Recommendations at Pumping Stations

The energy Audit conducted in January-February 2003 covered all water pumping stations in Mysore. Several Short and Medium term energy efficiency measures were recommended based on evaluation and energy saving potential and economic viability. The ultimate objective of the component is to optimize and improve the bulk water pumping efficiency by enhancing pumping component and efficient management. The components are:

Table F-2 Proposed Energy Efficiency Recommendation Mysore- Belagola PS

ECM 1 Installation of new efficient pumps Replacing the existing pump sets (280 HP) with one ongoing/september single vertical turbine pump 400 HP 2008

ECM 2 Optimization of the existing pumps Sizing of pumps' impellers as per user area ongoing/september requirements for Belagola new scheme- 2008

ECM 5 Water pumping station operations Increasing the frequency of cleaning suction sumps ongoing/september optimization from muck- 2008

Mysore- Hongalli PS

ECM 1 Installation of new efficient pumps 2*250 HP new efficient pump sets for pumping ongoing/september additional 8.00 MGD to treatment plant at Hongalli 2008 during emergency. ECM 2 Optimization of the existing pumps Sizing of pumps' impellers as per user area ongoing/september requirements . 2008

ECM 5 Water pumping station operations Switching off of one Transformer- Reactive ongoing/september optimization compensation in the system including 2008 transformator, control panel, motors and capacitors of 4.4 KV replaced by new 3.3 KV. ECM 6 Optimization of existing infrastructure n/a n/a through better metering and monitoring measures Source: PDD, World Bank

F-4 Environmental Setting

Mysore is situated on the foot of famous Chamundi Hills and falls under Cauvery River basin. The average altitude is about 770 m. The predominant soil is red loam, a derivative of granites and geniuses and varies from pure sandy soil to typical black cotton soil. The soil is generally alkaline in nature. The soil is rich in organic content but shows poor and variable quantities of phosphorus and potassium.

Climatic Conditions

Climate is moderate through out the year. The summer season from March to June is followed by southeast monsoon season lasting up to September. October and November may be treated as part of monsoon season. The period between December and February is generally dry. The maximum temperature ranges between 35°C to 40°C during the month of April and lowest between 10°C to 15°C in the month of December. Humidity is in the range of 70 to 80 percent. Average annual rainfall is 800mm. Comparatively heavy rains occur in the months of May to July.

Water Resources

The River Cauvery is the lifeline of the Mysore district and has its source high up amidst the Western Ghats at Talacauvery. The river Cauvery also known as 'Dakshina Ganga' forms a natural boundary between Mysore and Kodagu districts. The Kabini, Hemavati, Laskhamanatirtha, Palar and Moyarare are tributaries of the Cauvery. Mysore has several lakes, prominent among are the Kukkarahalli, Karanji and Lingambudhi lakes.

Ambient Air Quality

The ambient air quality data is available at two monitoring stations; both are located in commercial areas. The ambient air quality at the KSRTC bus stand building shows that the respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM) values and the total suspended particulate matter (TSPM) are within the limits. Monitoring results at Mysore KSCPB office shows that the total suspended particulate matter (TSPM) in the ambient air is much higher than the specified limit. But in general, the air quality of the town can be termed as good

Table F-3: Ambient Air Quality of Mysore Paramet KSRTC Bus stand KSCPB Office Ambient air quality er Average value of air Average value of air standard pollutant pollutant (Residential Areas) g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 TSPM 92 77 140 RSPM 52 41 60 Sox 22 21 60 NOx 34 34 60 Source: KSPCB Annual Report 2005 – 06

According to the census of 2001, Mysore city had a total population of 799,228 with 406,363 males and 392,865 females, making it the second largest city in Karnataka. The city's population has seen a population growth of 20.5% in the decade 1991–2001. The sex ratio of the city is 967 females to every 1000 males and the population density is 6223.55 persons per km². The literacy rate of the city is 82.8%, which is much higher than the state's average of 67.

Traditionally, Mysore has been home to industries such as weaving, sandalwood carving, bronzework and the production of lime and salt. Mysore has emerged as the hub of the tourism industry in Karnataka, attracting about 2.5 million tourists in 2006. Since 2003, The Government of Karnataka is promoting Mysore as an alternative destination for the Information Technology (IT) industry and developing it as a counter magnet city to Bangalore. This is apparent from the fact that the software exports from the city grew at 26.8% to reach Rs.392 Crores, in the year 2005-06.

F-5 Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

The audit for environmental impacts is broken down into four categories, coinciding with the implementation phases of the project: Location Impacts Most of the pumping stations area located in rural areas surrounding areas mostly being either agricultural or barren. In all the pumping station no settlements or any sensitive areas were observed within 100m of the pumping stations. Since the location of recommendations for energy efficiency is at existing pumping stations and since the existing environment is a built environment, no location impacts are considered likely. Impacts due to energy efficiency recommendations As the recommendations are more of upgrading existing systems with technologically superior mechanical and electrical components no impact is anticipated. Also most of the technical recommendations do not anticipate major changes in the existing setup of the pumping stations except replacement of components or improvement in efficiency of the components. Implementation/ Construction Impacts In Mangalore the recommendations for energy efficiency are currently being implemented by the Municipal Corporation and EA was not deemed necessary for the same. No major construction activities have been anticipated in the energy efficiency recommendation and hence no impacts are likely. Operation and Maintenance Impacts During operation phase there are likely to be non-significant and reversible impacts in the project area which are likely to affect the workers. These include high noise and vibrations level, waste disposal of maintenance related materials and safety for workers from likely accidents.

1. Impact due to noise and vibrations level: The pumping stations are expected to be operated all through the day. Since there are no sensitive locations or settlements at the locations of the all pumping stations, very minimal impact is envisaged. However the noise and vibrations might lead to nuisances to workers. The pumping equipments have high noise levels in the range of 80 - 95 dB (A) depending on the type of machinery used, which can affect the personnel operating the

68 World Bank KARNATAKA MUNICIPAL WATER PUMPING IMPROVEMENTS IN SIX TOWNS DRAFT REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT AND PREPARING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN machines. The workers in general are likely to be exposed to an equivalent noise level of 80 to 90 dB (A) in an 8-hour shift, for which all precautions should be taken into consideration.

Mitigation for workers would include  The operator and worker areas for sitting or resting shall be located away from pumping machinery locations.  Workers shall be provided with noise protection measures like Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as earmuffs (over-the-head) or disposable earplugs  To prevent long term health implications Regular annual health checkups for the workers shall to be taken up.  Noise monitoring shall be taken up at the pumping station locations.

Noise Mitigation techniques for pumping machinery would include:  Regular maintenance of pumping machinery shall be taken up as per specifications of the manufacturer.  Vegetation planting around periphery boundary of pumping stations shallbe taken up.

Mitigation Measures  Different types of waste should be segregated and stored in different containers to enhance reuse or recycling of materials and their proper disposal  Record of type, amount of wastes generated, recycled and disposed (including the disposal sites) should be maintained in separate register  The disposal should not be done at sensitive locations, natural water bodies or near settlements. Waste like oil, grease/lubricant, metal scrap and building debris should be disposed off to designated dealers or designated locations with prior approval from the respective Municipal engineers.

Table F-4: Summary of Mitigation Measures Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Preliminary Costing Location None potentially N/a N/a N/a significant Technical recommendation None potentially N/a N/a N/a significant Implementations/ Construction None potentially N/a N/a N/a significant Operation and Maintenance Noise and vibrations INR 2500/- for each PPE leading to nuisances to (earmuff) Providing noise Personal Protective workers and Minimum 4 (considering Equipment (PPE) such as earmuffs to neighbours 4 personnel in each shift workers ) for each pumping station INR 150/- per Sqm of vegetation (Appox. 100 Sqm or land available along the Two rows of Tree planting/vegetation on boundary wall at each the periphery of the pumping stations Respective pumping station) Annual Municipal maintenance INR Corporation / 10,000/- at each KUWSDB/ O&M pumping station Agency Noise Monitoring At pumping station (INR Noise measurements should be conducted 2500/-each location) Minimum two locations at each pumping Station Health check-up cost per operator level employee INR 1000/-per annum. Regular Health checkups for workers (Considering 10 employees per pumping station) Different types of waste should be segregated and stored in different containers to enhance reuse or recycling of materials and their proper disposal Respective Generation of waste Corporation/ and disposal Records of wastes for type, amount of KUWSDB/ O&M No cost Implications wastes generated, recycled and disposed Agency Storage and disposal of waste at pre- designated and approved location or waste recycle dealers. Hazards to Inclusion of Occupational Safety Plan in Corporation/ No cost Implications 70 World Bank KARNATAKA MUNICIPAL WATER PUMPING IMPROVEMENTS IN SIX TOWNS DRAFT REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT AND PREPARING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

O&M guidelines Occupational Safety Plan for workforce Fire fighting equipments which will include: like fie extinguishers @ 1. Protection against physical, electrical INR 3000/Unit (minimum and fire hazards 4 for each pumping 2. Adequate personal safety precaution station) measures like wearing of gloves, helmets, earplugs, safety shoes etc., Each set of personal health/safety of 3.Training for workers on handling safety precaution workmen potential site emergencies, dangers, KUWSDB/ O&M equipments INR 2500/- including potential health effects Agency (Minimum 4sets – considering 4 personnel in each shift for each pumping station) First aid equipments and accessories INR 2500/-

OHS Training cost of INR 10,000/- per session of 10 workers annually The cost of implementing above mitigation measures as capital costs for equipments works out to INR 2.50 lakhs (INR 0.50 lakhs for each pumping station).The training and maintenance is estimated at INR 1.81 lakhs per annum (INR 0.38 lakhs for Belagola New pumping station and Booster Pumping station and 0.35 lakhs for other pumping station per annum).

F-6 Institutional Requirements and Environmental Monitoring Plan

The executing agency for energy efficiency programme is the Mysore Municipal Corporation. For environmental concerns Municipal Corporation would be supported by Environmental Unit of KUIDFC. During the operational phase, the Corporation (or any O&M agency if work is outsourced), with the assistance of KUWSDB will be responsible for monitoring the environmental parameters of pumping stations. The yearly monitoring of the below parameters should be carried out at each pumping station and reported to the Environmental Unit of KUIDFC during the project cycle.

Table F-5: Summary of Environmental Monitoring Plan Mitigation Parameters to Measurements Frequency Responsibility Measures be Monitored Occupational Implementation of Observation of work Yearly check on Municipal Health and Occupational health and practices and checking implementation Corporation/O Safety safety provisions in the conformity with of OHS &M Agency Plan O&M Contract OHS provisions measures and annual training Supervision by Environmental Unit of KUIDFC

Mitigation Parameters to Measurements Frequency Responsibility Measures be Monitored Noise and Noise Monitoring At Noise monitoring at Once every six Municipal vibrations pumping station pumping station months Corporation/O Mitigation Minimum two locations Equivalent noise levels &M Agency at each pumping Station using noise level meter and should include Readings @ 15 seconds Supervision by 1.within the pump-house interval for 15 minutes Environmental at workers sitting area per hour Unit of 2. within 50m downward KUIDFC wind direction To be verified for 3.Location of residential National Noise areas (Booster standards pumping station and Belagola new pumping station)

F-7 Findings and Recommendations

Annexure

Annexure A- Record of Consultation Annexure B- Ambient Air Quality Standards in Respect of Noise Annexure C- Operational Health & Safety Guidelines for pumping stations Annexure-D - Check List Questionnaire for Implementation of EMP and Occupational Health and Safety at Municipal Pumping Station Annexure-E Specifications for Tree Planting

ANNEXURE-A - Record of Consultation

Date Official met for Office/Depart consultation/discussion ment General discussion on the project and views of Officials of Environment and Social Karnataka Management Cell on audit requirement for the Mr. Ashok Jain, project Smt .Shanbhavi Kamat, Urban 26/2/2008 AGM(E) Infrastructure Development Collected information on KWASSIP project, Mr. Parveez Sayyad Ahmed ECoP document (Environmental Engineer) and Finance Corporation (KUIDFC ) Discussed site visit arrangements for project cities and information of contact persons Mr. Karisappa (AEE) Mysore Site visit to project pumping stations 28/02/2008 Mr.M.G.Narayan Municipal (Hongalli Pumping Station Corporation Discussion on Mysore City water supply Incharge-JE) schemes and proposed energy efficiency Mr.Anand Krishna(Belagola measures. Information of status/progress of Pumping Station Incharge- implementation sought. JE) Discussion on manpower/work shifts, facilities and Pumping related hazards

Basic city level data collection Mr. Sinu Mallya(AEE), Mangalore Site visit to project pumping stations with Mr. 29/02/2008 Mr. Varad Bhandari (JE) Municipal Sinu Mallya Corporation General discussion on water supply schemes under Municipal corporation and KUDECPM project

Discussed proposed technical recommendations , implementation status and resources of proposed energy efficiency measures undertaken by Municipal Corporation

Discussion on manpower, facilities , Pumping related hazards and maintenance schedules

Basic city level data collection Mr. Jayram (EE) Karnataka Site visit to project pumping stations at 11/3/2008- Urban Water Saundatti and Neerasagar 12/3/2008 Mr. Chandrashekhar (AEE) Supply & Mr. Basvraj Hosmad(In Drainage Discussed on implementation status proposed charge Saundatti Pumping Board , Hubli- energy efficiency measures and monitoring of Station- JE) Dharwad energy savings Mr. Umesh(In charge- Neerasgar Pumping Station Discussion on manpower, facilities , pumping - JE) related hazards and maintenance schedules Operators at pumping with Mr. Basavraj Hosmad stations Mr. Rajendra(JE), Bellary Site visit to project pumping stations for Alipore 13/03/2008 Mr. Panchamukhi (JE), Municipal and Moka water supply scheme Mr. S.I. Patil (AEE) Corporation Discussed on implementation status proposed energy efficiency measures manpower, facilities , pumping related hazards and maintenance schedules for each pumping station with Mr. Pachmukhi

Basic city level data collection

14/03/2008 Karnataka Site visit to project pumping stations with Mr. Mr. Yunus Basha (EE) Urban Water Sriranga Raju Mr. M.A.Arief (AEE), Supply & Mr. Sriranga Raju (AEE) Drainage General discussion on water supply schemes Mr. Rehaman A.(JE) Board , and institutional setup of Water Board at Mr. Ravindra Patil(JE) Gulberga Gulberga and manpower at each pumping station

Discussion on proposed energy efficiency measures, technical details, implementation status and maintenance schedules for each pumping station 17/03/2008 Mr. G. N.Surendra(EE), Karnataka Site visit to project pumping stations with Mr. Mr. S.B.Hallanavar(AEE), Urban Water Hallanvar and Kanannavur Mr.Kanannavur(JE), Supply & Mr. K.R.Rayaganda(JE) Drainage General discussion on water supply schemes in Board Belgaum and improvements undertaken under ,Belgaum World Bank aided priority project

Discussion on proposed energy efficiency measures, implementation status and maintenance schedules for each pumping station

ANNEXURE-B

Ambient Air Quality Standards in Respect of Noise

Area Code Category of Area/Zone Limit in dB(A) Leq* Day Time Night Time A Industrial Area 75 70 B Commercial Area 65 55 C Residential Area 55 45 D Silence Zone 50 40

Note- 1. Day time shall mean from 6.00a.m. to 10.00 p.m. 2. Night time shall mean from10.00p.m. to 6.00 a.m. 3. Silance Zone is defined as an area comprising not less than 100m around hospitals, educational institutions and courts. The silence zones are zones are zones which are declared as such by the competent authority. 4. Mixed categories of areas may be declared as one of the four above mentioned categories by the competent authority *dB(A)Leq denotes the time weighted average of the level of sound in declibles on scale Awhich is related to human hearing A’decible’ is a unit in which noise is measured ‘A’ in dB (A)Leq ,denotes the frequency weighting in the measurements of noisenand correspondences to frequency reaponse characteristics of the human ear. Leq- It is the energy mean of the noise level over specific period

ANNEXURE-C

Operational Health & Safety Guidelines for pumping stations

 Pumping Machinery designated area are to be kept clean and free of obstructions that may restrict safe access to the controls and maintenance access points.  Access to the equipment should be restricted only to the personnel responsible for operation and maintenance and they must be trained, adequately qualified and supplied with appropriate tools for their respective tasks.  All personnel that are responsible for operation or maintenance of the equipment, have access to OHS manual and they will comply with all safety instructions.  Ear Muffs, Safety goggles and other personnel protection equipment must be worn during operations. Except approved uniforms no other loose clothing or jewellery should not be worn during operation  Clear and easy access to all controls, gauges and dials etc. must be maintained at all times. Hazardous or flammable materials must not be stored in pump rooms unless safe areas or racking and suitable containers have been provided.  All personnel should not touch any moving or rotating parts during normal running. During maintenance procedure machineries should be isolated  All personnel should be aware of the hazards and the recommended emergency and first aid procedures. Emergency preparedness and response training shall be imparted to the operators annually. Basic First aid training, equipments and display charts should be provided and located at prominent locations. Posting of an electric shock resuscitation poster is recommended where electric panels are located.  Any operations which need safety procedures to be followed should be listed on a safety notice board within the pumping station building or electrical panel room and the necessary safety equipment must be available for use as the safe working procedures demand.  Pumping stations should be provided with appropriate number and type of fire safety measures like fire extinguishers, sand bags and placed at adequate locations within the pumping stations.  Sources of ignition (e.g. electrical panels) should be protected from any inflammable material. Pumping Equipment and electrical panels and other equipments with a Hazard risk shall not be tempered or opened during operations.  Pumping Machinery must be examined by a suitably qualified engineer at intervals not exceeding 12 months in view of potential hazard due to high rate of wear and tear which can occur due to continuous running. The tests and examinations must be recorded in a Register.  Log books of manpower movement, electricity fluctuations, first aid equipments and accidents (if any) should be maintained on regular basis. Each item of lifting equipment should regularly tested at intervals not exceeding 12 months by an Engineer qualified and shall be recorded in a Register or Log book

This gives relevant sections for THE FACTORIES ACT, 1948 which could be utilised for in preparation of Occupational Health and Safety Policy for the Pumping Station worker. The Factories Act 1948 is statutorily not applicable to Pumping Station Operations as per the specifications mentioned in the Act.

THE FACTORIES ACT, 1948 ACT NO. 63 OF 1948 1* [23rd September, 1948.] An Act to consolidate and amend the law regulating labour in factories.

CHAPTER III- HEALTH

Section 11. Cleanliness. (1) Every factory shall be kept clean and free from effluvia arising from any drain, privy or other nuisance, and in particular- (a) accumulation of dirt and refuse shall be removed daily by sweeping or by any other effective method from the floors and benches of workrooms and from staircases and passages, and disposed of in a suitable manner; (b) the floor of every workroom shall be cleaned at least once in every week by washing, using disinfectant, where necessary, or by some other effective method;

Section 12. Disposal of wastes and effluents. (1) Effective arrangements shall be made in every factory for the treatment of wastes and effluents due to the manufacturing process carried on therein, so as to render them innocuous and for their disposal.

Section 13. Ventilation and temperature. (1) Effective and suitable provision shall be made in every factory for securing and maintaining in every workroom-- (a) adequate ventilation by the circulation of fresh air, and (b) such a temperature as will secure to workers therein reasonable conditions of comfort and prevent injury to health;- and in particular,- (i) walls and roofs shall be of such material and so designed that such temperature shall not be exceeded but kept as low as practicable;

Section 16 Overcrowding. (1) No room in any factory shall be overcrowded to an extent injurious to the health of the workers employed therein.

17.Lighting. (1) In every part of a factory where workers are working or passing there shall be provided and maintained sufficient and suitable lighting, natural or artificial, or both. (2) In every factory all glazed windows and skylights used for the lighting of the workrooms shall be kept clean on both the inner an outer surfaces and, so far as compliance with the provisions of any rules made under sub-section (3) of section 13 will allow, free from obstruction. (3) In every factory effective provision shall, so far as is practicable, be made for the prevention of- (a) glare, either directly from a source of light or by reflection from a smooth or polished surface; (b) the formation of shadows to such an extent as to cause eye-strain or the risk of accident to any worker.

18. Drinking water. 1) In every factory effective arrangements shall be made to provide and maintain at suitable points conveniently situated for all workers employed therein a sufficient supply of wholesome drinking water. (2) All such points shall be legibly marked "drinking water" in a language understood by majority of the workers employed in the factory, and no such point shall be situated within 1*[six meters of any washing place, urinal, latrine, spittoon, open drain carrying sullage or effluent or any other source of contamination]

19. Latrines and urinals. (1) In every factory-- (a) sufficient latrine and urinal accommodation of prescribed types shall be provided conveniently situated and accessible to workers at all times while they at the factory; (b) separate enclosed accommodation shall be provided for male and female workers; (c) such accommodation shall be adequately lighted and ventilated, (d) all such accommodation shall be maintained in a clean and sanitary condition at all times;

CHAPTER IV- SAFETY

21. Fencing of machinery.

22. Work on or near machinery in motion. (1) [Where in any factory it becomes necessary to examine any part of machinery while the machinery is in motion, or, as a result of such examination, to carry out- (a) in a case referred to in clause (i) of the proviso to sub-section (1) of section 21, lubrication or other adjusting operation; or (b) in a case referred to in clause (ii) of the proviso aforesaid, any mounting or shipping of belts or lubrication or other adjusting operation, while the machinery is in motion, such examination or operation shall be made or carried out only by a specially trained adult male worker wearing tight fitting clothing (which shall be supplied by the occupier) whose name has been recorded in the register prescribed in this behalf and who has been furnished with a certificate of his appointment.

23. Employment of young persons on dangerous machines. (1) No young person [shall be required or allowed to work] at any machine to which this section applies, unless he has been fully instructed as to the dangers arising in connection with the machine and the precautions to be observed and- (a) has received sufficient training in work at the machine, or (b) is under adequate supervision by a person who has a through knowledge and experience of the machine.

28. Hoists and lifts. (1) In every factory (a) every hoist and lift shall be-- (i) of good mechanical construction, sound material and adequate strength: (ii) properly maintained, and shall be thoroughly examined by a competent person at least once in every period of six months, and a register shall be kept containing the prescribed particulars of every such examination; (b) every hoistway and liftway shall be sufficiently protected by an enclosure fitted with gates, and the hoist or lift and every such enclosure shall be so constructed as to any part of the hoist or lift and any fixed structure or moving part; (c) the maximum safe working load shall be plainly marked on every hoist or lift, and no load greater than such

29. Lifting machines, chains, ropes and lifting tackles. (1)In any factory the following provisions shall be complied with in respect of every lifting machine (other than a hoist and lift) and every chain, rope and lifting tackle for the purpose of raising or lowering persons, goods or materials:- (a) all parts, including the working gear, whether fixed or movable, of every lifting machine and every chain, rope or lifting tackle shall be-- (i) of good construction, sound material and adequate strength and free from defects; (ii) properly maintained; and (iii) thoroughly examined by a competent person at least once in every period of twelve months, or at such intervals; and a register shall be kept containing the prescribed particulars of every such examination; (b) no lifting machine and no chain, rope or lifting tackle shall, except for the purpose of test, be loaded beyond the safe working load which shall be plainly marked thereon together with an identification mark and duly entered in the prescribed register; and where this is not practicable, a table showing the safe working loads of every kind and size of lifting machine or chain, rope or lifting tackle in use shall be displayed in prominent positions on the premises;

32. Floors, stairs and means of access. In every factory--(a) all floors, steps, stairs, passages and gangways shall be of sound construction and properly maintained [and shall be kept free from obstructions and substances likely to cause persons to slip], and where it is necessary to ensure safety, steps, stairs, passages and gangways shall be provided with substantial handrails; (b) there shall, so far as is reasonably practicable, be provided and maintained safe means of access to every place at which any person is at any time required to work; c) when any person has to work at a height from where he is likely to fall, provision shall be made, so far as is reasonably practicable, by fencing or otherwise, to ensure the safety of the person so working.]

38.Pre- cautions in case of fire. (1) In every factory, all practicable measures shall be taken to prevent outbreak of fire and its spread, both internally and externally, and to provide and maintain-- (a) safe means of escape for all persons in the event of a fire, and (b) the necessary equipment and facilities for extinguishing fire. (2) Effective measures shall be taken to ensure that in every factory all the workers are familiar with the means of escape in case of fire and have been adequately trained in the routine to be followed in such cases.

40. Safety of buildings and machinery. (1) If it appears to the Inspector that any building or part of a building or any part of the ways, machinery or plant in a factory is in such a condition that it is dangerous to human life or safety, he may serve on the occupier or manager or both of the factory an order in writing specifying the measures which in his opinion should be adopted, and requiring them to be carried out before a specified date.(2) If it appears to the Inspector that the use of any building or part of a building or any part of the ways, machinery or plant in a factory involves imminent danger to human life or safety, he may serve on the occupier or manager or both] of the factory an order in writing prohibiting its use until it has been properly repaired or altered.

44. Facilities for sitting. (1) In every factory suitable arrangements for sitting shall be provided and maintained for all workers obliged to work in a standing position, in order that they may take advantage of any opportunities for rest which may occur in the course of their work.

45. First-aid appliances. (1) There shall in every factory be provided and maintained so as to be readily accessible during all working hours first- aid boxes or cupboards equipped with the prescribed contents,(2) Nothing except the prescribed contents shall be kept in a first-aid box or cupboard.

ANNEXURE-D - Check List Questionnaire for Implementation of EMP and Occupational Health and Safety at Municipal Pumping Station

This is a preliminary checklist which could be added as part of contract for O&M agency or the City Municipal Corporation for review of OHS measures

Issue Documentation Comments 1 Premises of the Pump house a Access Does the premise have access free from any General obstructions Documentation Is the access controlled type? Security type b Cleanliness Are the premises kept clean from wild vegetation, rubbish etc.? c Buffer Does the pumping station has sufficient buffer from surround areas? d Compound wall Does the pumping station has compound wall and gate? 2 Pump house and electrical panel rooms a Cleanliness Level of cleanliness (Low/ satisfactory/good) Documentation of b Lighting Level of natural lighting conditions (Low/ facilities/ workers and satisfactory/good) weekly statement c Ventilation Level of natural ventilation (Low/ about status of satisfactory/good) cleanliness of d Provision of Yes/No ( provide number of workers and premises/ biannual Drinking water toilets provided) statement of building e Provision of Yes/No ( provide number of workers and condition toilets toilets provided) f Condition of Good/Satisfactory/Bad building Check structural stability Check roof condition Check for cracks, dampness 3 Pumping Station Equipment a Conformity to Do pumps, locations are in conformity with Conformity Manufacturer’s manufacturer’s specification? statements approved specification If no the reasons for deviation by the Person –in Type of fire hazard safety equipments? Type charge/Manufacturer’ and number s specifications Do safety equipments conform to safety specification b Location of Do location of equipments confirm to equipments manufacturer’s specification? Would it create any risk situations? Are the equipments protected from any natural hazards? 4 Maintenance a Maintenance Is there a maintenance schedule prepared for Documentation of Schedule all equipments? maintenance Does it confirm to manufacturer’s schedule and records specification/general maintenance procedure in registers or log Pumps- Schedule and date of last books maintenance carried out and next scheduled- findings and actions taken Electrical Panels and sub-station Mechanical equipments like Cranes, trolleys etc Pump house buildings and surrounding area within the compound 5 Environmental Monitoring a Noise Noise Monitoring Documentation of management Sampling locations results and 1. At the pump house interpretative results 2. Near panel room for noise b Vegetation Buffer planting maintenance Monitoring

Planting Manure/ watering/ pesticide sprays

6 Safety Precaution c Fire Hazards Are any fire hazards identified? Possible Documentation of locations of fire hazard? safety equipments , Type of Safety measures considered locations , persons in- Safety equipments- charge, training Required/procured schedules and Placement /locations of Fire safety measures emergency Are warning signs posted for fire hazard prone procedures equipments d Electrical Hazards Equipments and locations identified for electrical hazards Type of Safety measures considered Safety equipments- Required/procured Are warning signs and safety measures posters pasted at electrical risk locations First aid equipments ( type of aid available / location) c Training Are the workers trained for protection against hazards, first aid measures and emergency situations Date, type and no of workers attending the training programme

7 Worker Safety Authorization Authorization to enter the premises –Access cards/Uniforms General Worker safety Inventory of safety equipments documentation equipments helmets/gloves/shoes What are the Noise abetment measures Implemented ?-Ear plugs/Ear muffs/others(specify) Health safety Does the duty hours exceed 8 hours? Health checkup- last date conducted for workers 8 Waste Generation Waste storage Inventory of type of waste generated Documentation and disposal Method of storage and designated location Disposal method Location-(Does it need approval- status) If reuse – where? how?

ANNEXURE-E Specifications for Tree Planting

Location -Trees should be only planted around the compound wall of the pumping stations.Care should be taken the tree planting does not affect the piping and electrical line in the pumping station . Adequate distance should be maintained between these and among the trees

Spacing- A minimum spacing, a range of 6-10m would meet the requirement for most of the trees that are being recommended. The trees should be planted in one or two rows with staggered pitch so that any tree in row is opposite the centre of the space between two trees in the opposite row.

Selection of tree -The following aspects were considered for selecting the type of species of trees to be planted along the project road. . Soil characters, Rainfall pattern, Temperature variation and Ground Water Level of the region . Life of the tree with preference to the tree with long life . Identification of species which are either truly evergreen such as the mango, nearly evergreen such as the Margosa or be in leaves in all seasons . Capability of the tree to develop a straight and clean bole upto a height of 2.5-3.5 m from the ground level . Spread of roots of the tree to identify deep rooted tree as shallow roots injure piping layout Planting- Pits of 1 m x 1 m size in ordinary soil and 1.5 x 2m for hard soil should prepared for planting the trees. The pits should be filled with a mixture of soil and manure. The seedling along with its root or earth ball is planted firmly in the pit after breaking and removing the pot. The planting should be done before the onset of rains.

Maintenance-The plants should be adequately watered, generally for about 2-3 years, and regularly attended. Careful digging around the plants to prevent soil from getting hard and removal of weeds should be done periodically. All plants require manure of the appropriate type and in right quantities for proper and firm development.

Indicative List of Species for plantation (Not Comprehensive) Biological Name Common Name Trees Alstonia scholaris Devil Tree Azadirachta indica Margosa (Neem) Tree Casia fistula Amaltas / Rella Cassia siamia Manjakkonai / Chinna Tangedu Delonix regia Gulmohar Diospyros melanoxylon blume Tendu Eucalyptus citriodora Hook Safeda F.infectoria Roxb Pakar P.emblica L. Amla Polyalthia longifolia benth & Hook Ashok Prosopis juliflora DC Shami Psidium guajava L. Guava Spondias mangifera willd Amra Tamarindus indica L. Imli (Tamarind) Shrubs Bougainvillea Baganvilas Cassis sophera wall Kasunda Clerodendron infortunatum caertn Bhant Ipomoea fistulosa mart. Ex. Choisy Behaya Lantana camara L. Ghaneri Murraya exotica L. Kamini Nerium odorumAit. Lal Kaner Tabernaemontana coromaria Willd Chandni Thevetia nerifolia Juss Peela Kaner

82 World Bank