Website for Later Moon from USGS

4 session 4 THURSDAY July 28 2011 website for later Moon from USGS http://webgis2.wr.usgs.gov/Lunar_Global_GIS/

Teaching strategies If a student doesn’t participate in an inquiry activity, how do you cope? Inquiry has challenges to keep all students on track.

Inquiry is cool but if the student is not motivated with the activity—make it meaningful

Some students don’t know how to start—help

Processes needed that model scientific method so they see what is needed

Sometimes it’s the A student who feels uncomfortable not being given the exact instructions. The distracted student often manages well . . .

Define roles specifically Have small groups so each are needed to participate

Remove from activity so they are not disrupting the group

Some take over the activity—

Bring in speakers—personal trainer . . . etc.

Reality

40, 40, 40 40 days for test 40 months for college 40 for life . . .

Brian Kate Kinsella Note-taking scaffold Vocab strategies

Term: Definition students give example and/or image http://www.montgomerycollege.edu/Departments/mcmcpspd/kinsella.htm http://www.sccoe.k12.ca.us/depts/ell/kinsella.asp http://www.scoeorg/docs/as/AH_kinsella2.pdf

Example for ell

ACTIVITY (from tab 4) How can radar “see”? Polarized glasses OR 3-D glasses (from Rainbow Symphony) Any vehicle windshield or window

Discover polarization

Mini RF uses circular polarization

Introduce students to properties of light waves and understand radar Review ems (electromagnetic spectrum)and relate to mini RF

Recall MEMORY curve http://www.wired.com/medtech/health/magazine/16-05/ff_wozniak? currentPage=all

*****google memory curve or memory retention repeat reminder reinforces memory 1 : 10 : 30 : 60 day reminders

What instruments use different frequency waves from the regions in the electromagnetic spectrum?

Science Hack solid YouTube YouTube TeacherTube

Webelements

Song about ems on YouTube Use of the regions

****Radio – Naiontal weather service broadcasting activity am in the pm AM, FM/ shortwave, etc (sun is radio source but at night you can pick up longer/distant sources bounce off atmosphere—more reception over night)

Microwave - - microwave ovens, Radar

IR heaters, remote control, heat sensor , Super8 night vision, night-vision goggles (some are light boosted) some apps for phone are just colored filters

Visible eye, camera, telescope

UV produced by the Sun, goggle sanitizer, bug lights, UV beads, nail polish dryer

X-rays custom

Gamma Incredible hulk!, black hole as transmitter, cancer treatment

Radio waves difference from light

Longer wavelengths—longer distance between the crest of the waves (light waves can be seen by the human eye)

Lower E Pass through clouds Pass through objects (walls)

Nylon rope to demonstrate waves Energy of wave = energy to displace the rope

Frequency = time to travel a distance Energy travels faster Vibrates quicker

Light DOES NOT WIGGLE! (alternating fields in electricity and magnetism not met till college

= electric and magnetic wave BOTH oscillating at the same time Dominoes—spaced too far apart to knock each other apart Then alternate (combining the 2 sets of dominoes) they will knock each other over – simulates waves ==electro magnetic spectrum how many waves pass a given point in an interval—wave has more energy and can be dangerous X and gamma rays affect cells and are dangerous

What I know—add to the W section of KWL

RADAR Radio Detecting and Ranging Used for remote sensing Weather detection, passes through clouds View earth from Space Mount Pinatubo pics in radar in FALSE COLOR

Sees vegetation, lava flows and mud flows

False color: can’t see radar with eyes. We tell the computer to assign colors at particular frequencies and how much is returned.

Hubble Space Telescope—Orion Nebula Students expect to see the color in the same way HST does—but see fuzzy white patch. Allows us to see features that our eyes cannot pick out. Allows us to make sense of what we see.

Vertically and horizontally polarized.

What do you know ? Polaroid camera . . . polarizing sunglasses

Light source in multiple directions Polarization filters it in one direction. WRONG: filtering makes sense at a certain level 2 filters block BUT a third between allows light to pass—so not filtering Vibrations in one direction

{polarization is about directionality/orientation} way in which the e/m wave oscillates a it travels along—horizontally OR vertically can filter out waves in a particular direction Benefits are: removes glare on objects (fishermen looking into water, 3-D movies, photography) Ansell Adams used polarizing filter to darken the sky b/w and brighter blue in color

Wave oscillates in a circle (corkscrew)

Mini RF sends light down and receives return

ACTIVITY using polarizing filters http://www.rainbowsymphony.com/3d-polarized-glasses.html

Procedure Work with partner How do they reduce the amount of light passing through them

Look at different features, reflections. May notice subtle differences With 2nd set Put on top of each other (and reverse)

Rotate one by 90o Light between 2 = zero

(Filtering both horizontal and vertical)

Light reflected by shiny, transparent material is partly or fully polarized

Sun through picket fence, some light blocked

OUTSIDE Look at reflected light off parked car—window—tinted windows of building Compare how things differ, how you see differently Stress or strain on windows NOTE orientation to the Sun . . .

Car window checker-board pattern Stressing tempered glass allows it to behave as a grating changes horizontal to vertical Rotating made it lighter or darker Filter through clouds

Wikipedia polarization and polarizing filters

Light travels out in all directions in all polarizations

Photon travels in wave The energy is traveling in wave Filter absorb some wavelengths Energy absorbed and should become warmer but convection loss More absorbed by glass and radiated out

Triple pane in glass in house reflects light (heat energy)

Windows stop IR being radiated out of car, so car heats up Glass opaque (relatively) to IR

Light reflects off water Clear light bulb and CD case as light reflected off at angle will get effects

Reflection of sunlight from cell phone

Mini RF connection Transmits a microwave pulse to the Moon and measures the reflected energy Transmits circular polarized radar—receives horizontally and vertically polarized light Circular pattern in one direction Mini RF notes if there is a change in the reflected amounts—is the surface rough or smooth

Image shows mini RF over visible image—lighter mini RF strip shows lots of reflection

NASA’s Mission page http://www. http://www. Alexandra APL NASA Education http://www.jhuapl.edu/nasa/kids/education.php

New Horizons to Pluto

MESSENGER to Mercury

CRISM on board Mars exploration

STEREO 2 probes Sun in 3-D In same Earth orbit bit one ahead of Earth, one behind Sun Helio-physics

TIMED Last frontier in upper atmosphere—cooling at t greater rate CO2 captures greenhouse gases and releases them Older mission no ed materials

Other gases opposite Thunderclouds have cap at a certain level, some escapes from higher levels,

NEAR where ed started Orbit and land on asteroid

Radiation belt storm probes belt model

Check the website For workshops

+ internship programs for college students grant PLUS stipend

Moon, minerals and magnetism (presented at NSTA)

Backward faded scaffolded activity + student sheet Investigating the Moon ACTIVITY Christine http://webgis2.wr.usgs.gov/Lunar_Global_GIS/ and http://lpi.usra.edu/lunar/missions/clementine/images/img1_lg.gif

TOPOGRAPHIC map Elevation, relief

Far side higher except for basin Blue NOT water/oceans

Back too GIS, map has been made rectangular rather than circular—shows landing sites

Tool bar has different maps Move with  Zoom with + Zoom out with - or use the magnifying glasses o the top menu bar

Gradicule map: gives GRID LINES 30o apart starts at Equator in middle and 0 (prime meridian is the middle of the near side) Bottom latitude = -90 Top goes to +30

Where did astronauts land?, close to 0, 0

Search attributes function Name a feature

+ how many craters on the near side compared to far side assign grid #s and let pairs check # craters craters you can see when you zoom in TWICE 1: 54 mill . . . How do you count the partially covered craters?

App Microsoft photosym Look 360o sphere as a flat image and you can see the distortion—

Do you exclude the poles, which are distorted (mercatorial distortion)?

Sources of error What were you counting as craters? Dots, large feint, etc? Move on to another research question Which side of the moon has more iron in its crust? GO TO iage bases

GO TO Clementine derived

GO TO FeO

Research Q 3 How is amount of iron related to height?

Show site (you are already familiar with the moon), asked questions, brainstormed ideas and then looked at the answers

2nd research Q let us work out how to investigate FeO

Now have t derive our own question—NOT a WHY question because hard to derive answer.

COMPARE How many in this region? Etc.

Brainstorm q and then seek answers . . .

Iron oxide vs titanium oxide on the Moon. Which covers the larger surface area? Hypothesize why.

Intern program for high schoolers Free Provides authentic research

Distance learning via illuminate—after school hours . . . (Time zones) Archive material Communicate with peers Online bulletin board

Lunar landforms Geologic maps Radar-remote sensing

Pick a site for visiting Rank the 50 sites