Unit Two Study Guide

UNIT TWO STUDY GUIDE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF LIVING THINGS Using your text and notes as needed, answer each question in detail. After putting time and effort into completing this study guide any question that is difficult to remember or a concept that is still difficult to grasp SHOULD BE REVIEWED WITH ME DURING 7TH .

1. Biology is the study of…..? 2. All living things can be characterized by their common aspects of structure and ______. 3. List the levels of hierarchical structure from simplest to most complex. 4. List the characteristics of a living organism. Be able to define and give a description of each of these characteristics. Include terms such as development and response. 4. What is the relationship between stimulus and response? Give an example. 5. What is the difference between an adaptation and a response? 6. What is the relationship between adaptation and evolution? 7. Know the meaning of the following terms: development, grow, homeostasis, stimulus. 8. Which characteristic of a living organism is not a requirement for the survival of the individual? 9. Differentiate between an organism and a species. 10. Write the symbol for the element Hydrogen. Write the chemical formula for water. What does the subscript mean? How many total atoms are in one molecule of water? 11. What happens to atoms or groups of atoms in substances during a chemical reaction? 12. In a chemical reaction, what are the reactants and what are the products? 13. What might be some evidence that chemical reactions take place? 14. Explain the following terms: catalyst, substrate, active site, enzyme-substrate complex, activation energy 15. What is the difference between an endothermic and exothermic reaction? 16. What is a macromolecule and give at least two examples. 17. Describe the difference between an organic and an inorganic compound. Recognize examples. 18. For each of the four important building blocks a. list/describe the smaller building block of each b. describe the importance or function of each 19. Differentiate between a saturated and unsaturated fat. Which one should you avoid and why? 20. Describe dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis. 21. Draw an example of DNA, RNA, a carbohydrate, and an amino acid. 22. List the two types of nucleic acids. 23. What is a nucleotide? What are its components? 24. How are DNA and RNA similar? How are DNA and RNA different? 25. Differentiate between a prokaryotic cell and an eukaryotic cell. 26. Describe the structure and function of the plasma (cell) membrane. 27. Review the cell diagram. Be able to identify ALL the structures on a diagram and their functions. See objective 14. 28. Explain how plant and animal cells are alike? How do they differ? 29. Define the following terms: semi-permeable, homeostasis, passive and active transport, diffusion, exocytosis, endocytosis, pinocytosis, phagocytosis, and osmosis. 30. “If a freshwater fish is put into saltwater….” a. the solution of saltwater is ______(isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic) b. The cells of the fish are ______(isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic) c. The cells of the fish would ______(swell, shrink) d. If the cells of the fish were to remain the same size the solution and cells would be ______(isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic) 31. How is DNA related to proteins and cellular activities? 32. What is the purpose of a negative feedback loop? How is this related to homeostasis? 33. Essential functions of life involve chemical reactions taking place between which macromolecules?

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