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Supplementary Issue CONSULATE GENERAL of the REPUBLIC of INDONESIA, MUMBAI, INDIA INDONESIAN TOURISM DESTINATION : MALUKU
INDONESIA January 2010 Issue No. 1 Supplementary Issue CONSULATE GENERAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA, MUMBAI, INDIA INDONESIAN TOURISM DESTINATION : MALUKU Maluku is blessed with incredible sea gardens, idyllic, tropical beaches and rugged, forest-coated volcanic mountains. These are the famous ‘spice islands’ which drew Indian, Chinese, Arab and eventually European traders in search of cloves and nutmeg. In 1511, the Portuguese built their first fort in the area on the island of Ternate, and cornered the clove trade. The Dutch, who arrived in 1599, mounted the first serious threat to Pourtuguese control of Maluku’s treasures. Armed conflicts broke out, taking a heavy toll from the island populations as well as the rival European powers. When the Dutch finally emerged as victors they enforced their trade monopoly with an iron fist. Whole villages were razed to the ground and thousands of islanders died, especially on the island of Banda. The British briefly occupied Maluku during the Napoleonic Wars, but Dutch rule was restored in 1814 and it wasn’t until 1863 that the compulsory cultivation of spices was abolished in the province. Now fish and other sea products are Maluku’s major sources of revenue, but nickel, oil, manganese and various kinds of timber also contribute to the pro vince’s wealth. Once known as the Mollucas and Fames Spice Islands, which Indian, Arab, Chinese and later European traders dreamed and died for, the province of Maluku is blessed with fabulous sea gardens, idyllic, Tropical beaches and spectacular landscapes rich with an enormous variety of endemic plant and animal species. -
The Bones in Banda: Vision, Art and Memory in Maluku
THE BONES IN BANDA: VISION, ART AND MEMORY IN MALUKU Julie Berger Hochstrasser In the seventeenth century, the Banda Islands in Maluku, then known as the Spice Islands, were the only known source for true nutmeg. The Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, or VOC) sought control of this lucrative trade with brutal military force. This paper explores the role of visual culture in the collective memory of the Dutch presence, from VOC coins still turning up in the fields to the fort that still towers over Neira Town. Even when recent Muslim-Christian violence left the Dutch Reformed Church a burned-out ruin, the seven- teenth-century gravestones paving the floor survived to remind the inhabitants of the bones in Banda. DOI: 10.18277/makf.2015.14 y all accounts, the past hangs heavy in Banda (fig. 1)1. That was my own forceful first impression when I visited this remote island in eastern Indonesia in 2006, but since then I have found it echoed again and again in the re- Bactions of others. In Banda: A Journey through Indonesia’s Fabled Isles of Fire and Spice, Nigel Simmonds writes: Figure 1. Benteng Belgica, Banda Neira, Banda Islands, Maluku, 2006. Unless otherwise noted, all the following photographs and videos were taken by the author on the island of Banda Neira, Banda Islands, Maluku, in 2006. The volcano [fig. 2] is by far the most obvious of Banda’s attractions, although perhaps not the most intriguing. That accolade must go to the town of Neira [fig. 3], where the past is thrust into the consciousness of the first-time visitor with all the force of a tropical typhoon. -
Slavery and the Perkeniersstelsel on the Banda Islands in the 1690'S
Slavery and the perkeniersstelsel on the Banda Islands in the 1690’s Master thesis Colonial and Global History Leiden University 09-07-2020 J.J.H. Berends S2108860 30ECTS Supervisor: Dr. A.M.C. van Dissel Second reader: Dr. A.F. Schrikker Figure 1. Map of the Banda Islands. G. onder den Linden, 1724-1726. Source: Scheepsvaartmuseum 109 06 kaart 173. Index Introduction 1 Historiography 2 Relevance and research questions 5 Terminology 6 Methodology 7 Chapter 1. Dutch arrival and forming of the perkeniersstelsel 10 1.1 The conquest of the Banda Islands 10 1.2 Agricultural land- and slave distribution 12 Concluding remarks 17 Chapter 2. The Bandanese society 19 2.1 The relationship between the perkeniers and the VOC 19 2.2 The slave population 22 2.3 The duties of plantation slaves 23 2.4 Natural disasters, sickness and death 25 Concluding remarks 27 Chapter 3. Slave trade in the Dutch Indies 28 3.1 The total Dutch slave trade in the Indian Ocean 28 3.2 Desired and dangerous slaves 29 3.3 The slave trade on the Banda’s 30 Concluding remarks 32 Chapter 4. Ethnic background and size of the plantation slave population 34 4.1 The size, growth and gender of the plantation slave population 35 4.2 The age distribution of plantation slaves 37 4.3 The origin of plantation slaves by geographical region 39 4.4 The ethnicities of plantation slaves 41 Concluding remarks 47 Conclusion 49 Bibliography 53 Appendix 1- The total number of plantation slaves by origin per year 57 Introduction When the first Europeans arrived on the Banda Islands in the sixteenth century, it was the only place on earth were nutmeg trees were found. -
Trade in the Spice Islands
The Scents of Eden: Trade in the Spice Islands 29 NOV – 12 DEC 2015 Code: 21536 Tour Leaders Em. Prof. Robert Clancy AM Physical Ratings Sail the sparkling seas through the isolated Spice Islands to explore the fascinating medieval & early modern spice trade visiting fortresses, villages, colonial mansions, clove & nutmeg plantations. Overview "Clothed in mystery and lost in uncharted seas, the Spice Islands of the early sixteenth century tantalized European imagination to the point of obsession. As the only place on Earth where grew the "holy trinity" of spices - cloves, nutmeg, and mace - these minuscule islands quickly became a wellspring of international intrigue and personal fortune, occasioning the rise and fall of nations across the globe."Charles Corn, The Scents of Eden: A History of the Spice Trade. Tour Highlights This tour is limited to 20 participants This tour is led by Professor Robert Clancy, awarded an AM for services to immunology and cartographic history. Cruise glittering seas on the traditional schooner Ombak Putih to beautiful islands that are inaccessible to most travellers. Enjoy dramatic views of volcanic islands and enjoy garden paradises that have provided easy sustenance to natives for centuries. Follow in the footsteps of European explorers and spice traders through the Banda archipelago which was the world’s sole source of nutmeg and Ternate / Tidore, its sole source of cloves. Understand how the Moluccas (‘Spice Islands’) became a key nodal point in the medieval and Early Modern world trade system and contrast the pre-colonial system with later European exploitation. Immerse yourself in the distinctive way of life of a people whose culture has been little changed for 500 years.