Review: Chapters 5 & 6

Review: Chapters 5 & 6 Unit #4: Sensation & Perception Everything that organisms know about the world is first encountered when stimuli in the environment activate sensory organs, initiating awareness of the external world. Perception involves the interpretation of the sensory inputs as a cognitive process.  Discuss basic principles of sensory transduction, including absolute threshold, difference threshold, signal detection, and sensory adaptation.  Describe sensory processes including the specific nature of energy transduction, relevant anatomical structures, and specialized pathways in the brain for each of the senses.  Explain common sensory disorders.  Describe general principles of organizing and integrating sensation to promote stable awareness of the external world.  Discuss how experience and culture can influence perceptual processes.  Explain the role of top-down processing in producing vulnerability to illusion.  Discuss the role of attention in behavior.  Challenge common beliefs in parapsychological phenomena.  Identify the major historical figures in sensation and perception. Terms: be able to define these terms, they will be key for the matching section but some may pop up on multiple choice, true/false or fill in the blank questions.

Sensation:______

Threshold (detection/discrimination/absolute):______

______

Signal Detection Theory (SDT) – Hit/Miss/False Alarm/Correct Rejection:______

______

Just Noticeable Difference (JND)/Difference Threshold:______

______

Ernst Weber/Weber’s Law:______

Subliminal Perception:______

Transduction:______

Vision

Visual Sensation (Distal v. Proximal Stimuli):______

______

Wavelength/Hue/Intensity:______

______

Parts of the Eye (Cornea-Iris-Pupil-Lens-Retina-Fovea-Rods-Cones-Optic Nerve):______

______

Parallel Processing :______

Tri-chromatic Theory (Young-Helmholtz):______

Opponent Process Theory:______

Nearsighted v. Farsighted:______

Color Blindness:______Hearing

Audition:______

Frequency/Pitch:______

Parts of the Ear (Outer-Middle-Inner):______

______

Parts of the Ear (Tympanic Membrane-Hammer[Malleus]/Anvil[Incus]/Stirrup[Stapes]-Cochlea-Vestibular Sacs):______

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Georg von Bekesy:______

Place v. Frequency Theory:______

Deafness (Conductive v. Sensorineural):______

______

Cochlear Implant:______

American Sign Language (ASL):______

Gallaudet University:______

Other Senses

Olfaction:______

Gustation:______

Skin (Cutaneous v. Tactile Receptors):______

______

Vestibular Sense:______

Kinesthesis:______

Sensory Adaptation:______

Habituation v. Dishabituation:______

______

Gate-control Theory:______Perception

Perception (Bottom-up v. Top-down):______Selective Attention/Cocktail Party Phenomenon:______Divided Attention/Multi-tasking:______Gestalt Psychologists:______Illusion (Muller-Lyer):______Monocular Cues:______Relative Size:______Texture Gradient:______Interposition:______Linear Perspective:______Vanishing Point:______Aerial Perspective:______Relative Clarity:______Binocular Cues:______Stereopsis:______Retinal Disparity:______Retinal Convergence:______Figure-ground Relationship:______Proximity:______Similarity:______Symmetry:______Continuity:______Closure:______Constancy:______Depth Perception:______Visual Cliff (Gibson & Walk):______Apparent Motion (phi phenomenon-stroboscopic effect-autokinetic effect):______Perceptual Constancy:______Sensory Deprivation:______Perceptual Adaptation:______Extrasensory Perception (ESP):______Parapsychology:______Premonition:______Telepathy:______Main Ideas: the following concepts will appear in the fill-in-the-blank or short answer sections of the test. These topics are broader and can be found in the “Binder” or textbook.

 Sensation & Perception  The Five Senses – anatomical structures, stimulation, theories & abnormalities  Perceiving sensory information  ESP-Premonitions-Telepathy

 The Biology of Psychology  Be able to identify, locate and describe the functions of the parts of the neuron.  How is the CNS, PNS connected to one another?  Be able to identify, locate and describe the basic parts and functions of the brain.  What glands of the body produce which hormones; and how do those hormones affect behavior?

 History & Approaches of Psychology  Material concerning the goals of psychology, old & new school theories, and fields/approaches of psychology are “fair game.”

 Research Methods  All material covered regarding research ethics, methods of study, and analyzing descriptive & inferential statistics is “fair game.”