Muskingum Valley ESC Standards-Based Science Course of Study

Muskingum Valley ESC Standards-Based Science Course of Study NINTH GRADE INTERACTIONS OF MATTER Grade Level Indicators Benchmarks and Sub-Indicators Resources PS.10.F Explain how c.9.3 Describe radioactive substances as unstable nuclei that undergo random spontaneous nuclear To access links, hold energy may change form decay emitting particles and/or high energy wavelike radiation. down the control key or be redistributed but the (CTRL) and click on the total quantity of energy is c.9.14 Summarize how nuclear reactions convert a small amount of matter into a large amount of picture. conserved. energy (Fission involves the splitting of a large nucleus into smaller nuclei; fusion is the joining of two small nuclei into a larger nucleus at extremely high energies).

c.9.16 Illustrate that chemical reactions are either endothermic or exothermic (e.g., cold packs, hot packs and the burning of fossil fuels).

PS.10.A Describe that c.9.5 Describe how ions are formed when an atom or a group of atoms acquire an unbalanced charge by matter is made of minute gaining or losing one or more electrons. particles called atoms and atoms are comprised of even smaller components. Explain the structure and properties of atoms.

PS.10.B Explain how c.9.6 Explain that the electric force between the nucleus and the electrons hold an atom together. Relate atoms react with each that on a larger scale, electric forces hold solid and liquid materials together (e.g., salt crystals, water). other to form other substances and how c.9.7 Show how atoms may be bonded together by losing, gaining or sharing electrons and that in a molecules react with each chemical reaction, the number, type of atoms and total mass must be the same before and after the other or other atoms to reaction (e.g., writing correct chemical formulas and writing balanced chemical equations). form even different substances. c.9.8 Demonstrate that the pH scale (0-14) is used to measure acidity and classify substances or solutions as acidic, basic or neutral. a = Earth and Space; b = Life; c = Physical; d = Science and Technology; e = Scientific Inquiry; f = Scientific Ways of Knowing Muskingum Valley ESC Standards-Based Science Course of Study SK.10.A Explain that f.9.1 Comprehend that many scientific investigations require the contributions of women and men from To access links, hold scientific knowledge must different disciplines in and out of science. These people study different topics, use different techniques down the control key be based on evidence, be and have different standards of evidence but share a common purpose—to better understand a portion (CTRL) and click on the predictive, logical, subject of our universe. picture. to modification and limited to the natural world. Sub-Indicators:  Bonding . Explain that the electrical forces between electrons and protons (which are oppositely charged) are essential to forming compounds. . Identify the particles produced by ionic bonding and covalent bonding. . Distinguish between the various types of bonds and the particles they form.  Reactions . Describe various types of chemical reactions including those that gain or release heat in the process.  pH . Determine how the processes of ionization and disassociation relate to pH.  Radioactivity/Nuclear Reactions . Discuss the discovery of radioactivity. . Compare and contrast the properties of radioactive and stable nuclei. . Compare and contrast nuclear fission and fusion.

a = Earth and Space; b = Life; c = Physical; d = Science and Technology; e = Scientific Inquiry; f = Scientific Ways of Knowing