Honors Biology Study Guide

HONORS BIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE FINAL EXAM Dr. Shannon—Westhill H.S.

Format: The SPS Final Exam contains 56 Selected Response (Mutiple Choice) questions and 14 Constructed Response (open ended Short Answer) questions.

The Study Guide here is an interactive linked study guide to practice questions on the Internet. They are categorized in the table according to topics in our Syllabus. Some topics overlap and some questions may not be completely appropriate. They are taken from a variety of sources to help you prepare.

Dr. Shannon’s hints on preparing for the midterm exam. 1. Retake old tests and quizzes without looking at notes or preparing. 2. Check your answers to questions 3. Check previous answers. 4. Prioritize your studying. 1st Priority. Questions and topics you missed twice. GOTO STEP 5 Below for tips on how to review. 2nd Priority. Questions and topics you missed during this retake but got right before 3rd Priority. Questions you missed before but got right on the retake 4th Priority. Questions you got right twice. (YOU MAY NOT GET TO THESE but that’s ok you probably know it anyway.) 5. After finding areas of weakness. Review relevant assignments chapters or linked animations, videos, etc. to help your review material on that topic. Retake these questions or similar ones.

BLUEPRINT CONCEPTS/ ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS & CONCEPTS PRACTICE QUESTION SOURCES UNIT/ # of TOPICS/ BOLDED LISTINGS ARE LINKS TO PRACTICE Questions HModBio QUESTIONS URLs are at the bottom of this page Chapter Scientific This Topic applies to How do scientists define, organize, and research Virtual Labs for Method and Content Practice Method/ the entire course living things? http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/virtual_labs/BL_11/ 1  Living things share common characteristics Process  Scientists use a variety of processes to answer BL_11.html scientific questions http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/vlabs/transgenic_fly/i ndex.html

UNIT 1 ECOLOGY How do living and nonliving components of Biotic vs. Abiotic 19 ecosystems interact? Ecology from BSCS MA Matter &  The science of ecology is organized into several levels Energy in  Species in ecosystems interact with other Ecosystems species and with their nonliving environment

POPULATIONS How do populations affect one another? Population Diversity 20  Species are organized into populations CAPT Released Items: Use open ended items to study for  Predictable factors influence the size of a population Embedded Tasks, Yeast Populations, Human Populations.  Population growth is faster in the less- developed countries and slower in the more- developed countries

COMMUNITY How do species interact to determine the nature Organizational Levels ECOLOGY of communities? Organism Relationships 21  Ecologists recognize five major kinds of species interactions in communities: predation, Ecological Succession parasitism, competition, mutualism, and BSCS Molecular Approach commensalisms BSCS Molecular Approach Succession  Species richness improves a community’s stability Succession is a change in the species composition of a community

ECOSYSTEMS  How do living and nonliving Organizational Levels BIOMES components of ecosystems interact? Material Cycles 22  The science of ecology is organized Energy Flow into several levels BSCS Molecular Approach  Species in ecosystems interact with BSCS Molecular Approach Biomes other species and with their nonliving environment How do matter and energy flow through ecosystems and the biosphere?   Energy in an ecosystem is acquired by an organism for growth and reproduction  Materials such as carbon, nitrogen, and water are cycled within ecosystems  On, land there are seven major types of ecosystems, known as biomes

ENVIRONMENTAL How have human actions impacted ecosystems? Technological Developments SCIENCE  Humans have affected global systems Improvements Humans have the ability to impact biodiversity 23 BSCS Molecular Approach Human Actions Unit 2 Intro to Biology Living things share common characteristics Living vs. Nonliving The 1 Cell Theory Chemistry of  Scientists use a variety of processes to CAPT Released Items: Use open ended items to study for Life answer scientific questions.  Understand controlled experiments, Embedded Tasks, Yeast Populations, Apple Juice Enzyme Identification of Independent & Dependent Lab, Human Populations. Variables  Compound microscope use including how image is seen and Total Magnification

Chemistry How do chemical structure and reactions Basic Chemistry from Glencoe 2 underlie biological processes? Chemical Reactions from Glencoe  Matter is rearranged through chemical Solutes, Solutions, pH from Glencoe reactions BSCS Chemistry of Life Chapter Test  Energy change is involved in chemical reactions  Chemical reactions occur within aqueous solutions within living things

Biochemistry How does life depend on water and carbon DNA 3 compounds? Biochemical Processes  Water’s polar nature is essential to life  Organic compounds contain carbon atoms CAPT Released Items: Apple Juice Enzyme Lab, that are covalently bonded to other carbon Macromolecules from Glencoe atoms Macoromolecules from BSCS MA  Four main classes of organic compounds are essential to the life processes of all living things: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Unit 3 Cell Biology How does cell structure and function relate in Cell Structure The 4 the cell? BSCS Molecular Approach Cells Structure  Cells are the smallest unit of matter that can carry on all of the processes of life Cell Structure & Function from Glencoe and Function  Organelles carry out specific functions in of Cells the cell Multicellular organisms are organized into tissues, organs, and organ systems

Diffusion and How do cells regulate the movement of materials Life Functions Osmosis across membranes to maintain homeostasis? Cellular Communication 5  Passive transport does not require the cell to expend of energy Osmosis Video  Active transport requires the cell to expend energy

Cellular How do cells obtain energy from food molecules? Life Functions Respiration Cellular Respiration & Photosynthesis from Glencoe 7  Cell respiration release energy from food molecules  Glycolysis begins the production of energy  The Krebs Cycle completes the breakdown of glucose  The Electron Transport System packages energy from glucose to ATP  Anaerobic respiration acts in the absence of oxygen

Photosynthesis How do plants use photosynthesis to convert Life Functions 6 solar energy to chemical energy? Cellular Respiration & Photosynthesis from Glencoe  Photosynthesis harnesses light energy  The Calvin Cycle combines hydrogen with Carbon Dioxide to produce sugars  Environmental factors affect the rate of photosynthesis

Unit 4 Diversity Mitosis How does cell reproduction perpetuate life? Asexual Reproduction and Genetic 8  DNA is organized into chromosomes BSCS Chromosomes and Mitosis Variation  The cell cycle is a continuous sequence of events in the life of a cell Mitosis from Glencoe  Eukaryotic cells divide by Mitosis that produces identical copies of cells.  Mitosis is a continuous process that can be observed in distinct stages. 1

Meiosis How does meiosis contribute to the genetic http://biology.about.com/library/weekly/blmeios1q.ht 8 variability of organism? m  Organisms must reproduce to continue their species  Sexual reproduction provides a source of genetic variation  Gametes produced by meiosis have only one chromosome of each pair  Meiosis and fertilization maintain the chromosome number through generations

Mendelian Genetics How does the work of Mendel explain how http://www2.edc.org/weblabs/mendel/mendel.html 9 individuals inherit characteristics from their parents?  Principles of genetics are based on Mendel’s experiments  Inheritance of genes occurs in predictable patterns that are governed by probability

Central Theory What are the roles that DNA and RNA play in http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/transc DNA->RNA- storing information and making proteins? ribe/ >Protein http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/lsps07_int_celltr  DNA stores and transmits genetic 10 information ans/  Three forms of RNA involved in protein synthesis: mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA  Translation is the process of assembling polypeptides from information encoded in mRNA

Human Genetics How are human characteristics inherited and http://www.biology.arizona.edu/human_bio/activities/k 12 expressed? aryotyping/karyotyping.html  Sex-linkage affects the inheritance of traits  Mutations occur on chromosomes and/ or genes http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio105/geneprob.htm  Genetic disorders can be traced through patterns of inheritance

DNA Technology/ How can DNA technology alter the traits of Genetic organisms? Engineering http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/harvest/engineer/transgen.ht  Restriction enzymes can be used to isolate 13 and transfer genes ml  DNA fingerprinting can be used to identify inheritance relationships and diseases  Genetic engineering has both risks and benefit

Unit 5 The Origin of Life How did early life evolve on Earth? http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp03/0 Theory of 14  Early scientists confirmed that living 301s.swf Evolution things arise only from other living things  Oparin, Miller, and Urey attempt to explain the origin or organic compounds on earth  Early life arose from heterotrophic prokaryots

Evolutionary How does the theory of evolution explain how http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/explorations/ad Theory species change over time? aptation/level2/index.htm 15  The history of Earth and its life-forms can be inferred by examining the fossil record  Darwin proposes the theory of natural selection to explain how evolution occurs  Evidence for evolution is found in the body structures of living organisms  Several patterns of evolution exist

Evolution of How do populations evolve? http://biologyinmotion.com/evol/index.html Populations 16  A Population is the smallest unit in which http://www.glencoe.com/qe/science.php?qi=1661 evolution occurs  Evolution can take place if the genetic equilibrium of a population is disrupted  Speciation always begins with a population that has become isolated

Human Evolution How did humans originate? http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/humans/riddle/ 17  Many human traits are similar to those of other primates http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/11/2/quickt  Humans have several unique characteristics ime/e_s_5_56.html  Fossils provide evidence of hominid evolution  Several hypothesis of hominid evolution exist

Classification How does biological classification use 18 evolutionary relationships to organize organisms http://www.uwsp.edu/cnr/leaf/Treekey/tkframe.htm into a hierarchy of groups and subgroups?  Linnaeus developed a seven level classification system based on morphology http://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/taxonomy_i  Modern classification uses several lines of nterpret.html evidence to construct phylogenetic trees  Organisms are organized into a six http://www.biologyjunction.com/dichotomous_keying. kingdom system htm

Unit 6 How does structure  Bacteria are single celled prokaryotic http://www.glencoe.com/qe/qe136nationaltest.php? Microorganisms relate to function in organisms and can classified as Eubacteria or qi=4323&st= bacteria? Archaebacteria  Bacteria have detailed structural characteristics http://www.glencoe.com/qe/qe153.php?qi=4731&st= http://www.quibblo.com/quiz/81yBp0X/Virus-and- 24  Bacteria can get energy in a variety of environments bacteria  Bacteria have three methods of genetic http://www.quibblo.com/quiz/bS4Rs6v/Virus-and- recombination Bacteria-Practice-Test  Bacteria can be both helpful and harmful to http://chsweb.lr.k12.nj.us/mstanley/materials/bacteria humans http://drshannonbiology.wikispaces.com/fil %20quiz.pdf e/detail/Bacteria.ppt http://go.hrw.com/activities/frameset.html? main=2011.html http://drshannonbiology.wikispaces.com/fil e/detail/BacterialDNA+exchange.ppt ZONE OF INHIBITION LAB see video Zone of inhibition link below link http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=oLGXwg1695U&NR=1

http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072556781/student_view0/chapter13/anim ation_quiz_1.html http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072556781/student_view0/chapter13/anim ation_quiz_2.html http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072556781/student_view0/chapter13/anim ation_quiz_3.html http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072556781/student_view0/chapter13/anim ation_quiz_4.html http://phobos.ramapo.edu/~spetro/quizzes/prokaryquiz.ht m

Virus How do viruses interact with living things? SEE BACTERIAL QUIZ LINKS MANY HAVE VIRUS Structure/Function  QUESTIONS AS WELL  Viral structure relates to function 25  Replication by viruses occurs by either the lytic cycle or lysogenic cycle http://go.hrw.com/activities/frameset.html?  Vaccination and drug therapy attempt to main=2020.html control the spread of viral diseases

http://drshannonbiology.wikispaces.com/fil e/detail/viruses.ppt

Protozoa/Protists What ecological roles do protists play and what http://www.glencoe.com/qe/qe136nationaltest.php? 26-27 distinguishes them from other eukaryotes? qi=4324&st= 1 Protozoa are animal-like protists 2 Algae are plant –like protists http://www.glencoe.com/qe/qe153.php?qi=4732&st= 3 Slime molds are fungus-like protists http://go.hrw.com/activities/frameset.html? 4 main=2025.html 5 WORLD OF PROTISTS WORKSHEET 6 Fungi life cycles What ecological roles do fungi play and what http://go.hrw.com/activities/frameset.html? 28 distinguishes them from other eukaryotes? main=2028.html  Distinct structures allow fungi to grow, reproduce, and take in nutrients  Mycorrizhae and lichens are symbiotic http://www.glencoe.com/qe/qe136nationaltest.php? relationships that involve fungi qi=4325&st=  Fungi can be both helpful and harmful to http://go.hrw.com/activities/frameset.html? humans main=2039.html WORLD OF FUNGI WORKSHEET http://www.metacafe.com/watch/5709111/biology_the_sci Video is linked to the right ence_of_life_the_world_of_fungi/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bkVhLJLG7ug Unit 7 Plants Plant Human How do plants interact with people? http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/nature/photosynthesis.htm 1 interaction  Plants are essential to the survival of people l  Plants have associations with a variety of 29 organisms

Plant Adaptations How do plants survive on land? http://www.glencoe.com/qe/science.php?qi=2033 30  Plants have adapted to a terrestrial lifestyle  Bryophytes are nonvascular plants that share characteristics with algae http://www.glencoe.com/qe/qe153.php?qi=4736&st=  Vascular plants contain specialized conducting tissues that transport water and dissolved substances

2 1 Plant How does structure and function of plants http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BfPKjlfWPmQ Structure Function ensure survival in a variety of conditions? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U4rzLhz4HHk&NR=1  Plants are composed of specialized cells that Relationsips are organized into tissues 2 31  Root structure is related to function http://www.glencoe.com/qe/science.php?qi=2033  Stem structure is related to function  Leaf structure is related to function

Plant Reproduction How do plants reproduce? http://biology.about.com/library/quiz/bl_plantpart_quiz.ht 32  A plants life cycle is called alteration of m generations  Sexual reproduction occurs in flowering plants  Plants have adaptations for fruit and seed dispersal 1 Unit 8 Animal structure How does structure and function change as http://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/taxonomy_inte Invertebrate and Function animal complexity increases? rpret.html Vertebrate  Animals are multicellular and heterotrophic. Diversity 34-45  Animals have cells that are specialized for 3 Don’t bother with different functions http://www.glencoe.com/qe/qe153.php?qi=4738&st= too many details  Most animals reproduce sexually although here some also reproduce asexually  Movement and response to the environment are governed by an animal’s nervous tissue and muscle tissue 1

ONLINE SOURCES FOR PRACTICE QUESTIONS Regents questions for Practice http://www.regentsprep.org/Regents/core/questions/topics.cfm?Course=BIOL

The topics below are relevant to the Honors Biology Midterm are hyperlinked and can also be found on the URL above 1a Living vs. Nonliving 1b Population Diversity 1c Organizational Levels 1d Cell Structure 1e Life Functions 1f Cellular Communication 2a DNA 4a Asexual Reproduction 5a Biochemical Processes 6a Biotic vs. Abiotic 6b Energy Flow 6c Material Cycles 6d Organism Relationships 6e Biodiversity 6f Ecological Succession 7b Technological Developments 7c Improvements 8d Instrumentation

Glencoe Practice Questions http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078802849/

BSCS A molecular Approach Questions http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078664276/student_view0/check_challenge_quizzes.html

CAPT Released Items are organized on the Westhill Website at the URL Below: See also additional CAPT Items on this page that relate to the Yeast Population Lab

http://westhillweb.com/capt-resources-review.aspx