APA Model Paper

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Abstract A paper presented on the question of how many subjects are required for statistically valid usability research. This paper argues that the conventional wisdom that a similar number is appropriate for all studies is not valid, and instead proposes a mechanism for matching the sample size with the issue being tested.

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Table of Contents Abstract...... ii Table of Contents...... iii List of figures...... iii List of Tables...... iii Paper Title...... 3 To Customize This Paper:...... 3 To Create A Document...... 3 To Build Table of Contents...... 3 To Insert a Picture or Table...... 3 References...... 3

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List of figures Number Page Figure 1 Sample Picture...... 3

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List of Tables Number Page Table 1 Sample Table...... 3

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Paper Title To Customize This Paper: Insert your information in place of the sample text. Choose File Save As. At the bottom of the menu, choose Document Template in the Save File as Type: box (the filename extensions should change from .doc to .dot).

To Create A Document Choose File New to re-open your thesis template as a document. Your information should appear in place.

To change the spacing between, for example, body text paragraphs, click your cursor in this paragraph, and choose Paragraph from the Format menu. Reduce the Spacing After entry, making additional adjustments as needed.

To save your Style changes, (assuming your cursor is blinking in the changed paragraph), click on the Style in the drop-down Style list at the top-left of your screen. Press Enter to save the changes, and to update all similar Styles.

To Build Table of Contents Use Word’s styles for your heading formatting (from the dropdown on the formatting toolbar or from Styles on the Formatting menu). Update the table of contents by right clicking inside it and selecting Update All.

To Insert a Picture or Table Click on a blank paragraph. Select Picture from the Insert Menu or Insert Table from the Table menu. A caption will automatically be created for you with the number of the picture or table. You can type the name of the picture or table after the caption. To update the tables of figures and tables by right clicking inside them and selecting Update All.

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Table 1 Sample Table

Sample Table Header

Sample Table Row

Figure 1 Sample Picture

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References Denning, S., Hoiem, D., Simpson, M., and Sullivan, K. 1990, The value of thinking-aloud protocols in industry: A case study at Microsoft. The Human Factors Society, Santa Monica, CA, Human Factors Society. Dosher, B. A. 1981, The effects of delay and interference: A speed-accuracy study, Cognitive Psychology 13, 541-574. Hintzman, D. L., and Caulton, D. A. 1997, Recognition memory and modality judgments: A comparison of retrieval dynamics, Journal of Memory and Language 37, 1-23. Lewis, J. R. 1994, Sample sizes for usability studies: Additional considerations, Human Factors, 36, 368-378. Nielsen, J., and Landauer, T. K. 1993, A mathematical model of the finding of usability problems, Proceedings of the ACM InterCHI '93 Conference (ACM, Amsterdam, the Netherlands) Nielsen, J. 1993, Usability Engineering. (AP Professional, Boston). Reed, A. V. 1973, Speed-accuracy tradeoff in recognition memory, Science, 181, 574-576. Virzi, R. A. 1992, Refining the test phase of usability evaluation: How many subjects is enough?, Human Factors, 34, 457-468. Wickelgren, W. A. 1977, Speed-accuracy tradeoff and information processing dynamics, Acta Psychologica 41, 67-85.