Matt Cvijanovich Memorial Novice Tournament 2008
Packet by Harvard (Kyle Haddad-Fonda, probably other people?)
Tossups
1. John Eaton served as US Ambassador to this country after being removed as Secretary of War, while literary figures to hold this ambassadorship include David Humphreys and Washington Irving. One treaty between the United States and this nation resulted in the Insular Cases, while another involved a dispute over the Sabine River. This nation ceded some of its American territory by the Treaty of San Ildefonso, and the first treaty between it and the United States was named for the brother of a Federalist Presidential candidate, Thomas Pickney. For ten points, name this European country the US defeated in an 1898 war.
ANSWER: Spain [accept: Espana]
2. Quarantined due to the plague, John, a minor character in this play, fails to deliver a message, so Balthasar reaches his destination first and a title character decides to visit a man “in tatt’red weeds, with overwhelming brows, culling of simples.” Another character “jests at scars” though he “never felt a wound” and speaks of the “fairies’ midwife,” Queen Mab, before he is slain by the King of Cats. Agreeing that “parting is such sweet sorrow,” Paris’s betrothed and Benvolio’s kinsman are aided by Friar Lawrence but eventually wind up killing themselves in the Capulet family vault. For ten points, name this Shakespearean tragedy of star-crossed lovers.
ANSWER: Romeo and Juliet
3. This culture’s underworld was protected by a river of scorpions and contains locations such as the dark house, cold house, and razor house. One figure in this culture’s mythology is married to Chimalmat and pretends to be the sun and the moon. That figure, Vucub Caquix, is the father of the earthquake god Cabracan as well as a demon who killed four hundred boys that became stars, Zipacna. These and many other evil demons are eventually killed by Hunahpu and Xbalanque who also defeat the lords of Xibalba en route to becoming the hero twins. For ten points, name this Mesoamerican culture whose mythology can be found in the Popol Vuh.
ANSWER: Mayans (accept Mayas)
4. This procedure was performed with a continuous flux of electrons by Claus Jonsson in 1961, and then again for single electrons thirteen years later, producing the same result each time. If the apparatus is punctured with pinholes instead of taking the familiar form, the fringes that appear become hyperbolic instead of linear. The distribution of end positions in this experiment appears to be essentially random. For 10 points, name this experiment in which particles photons are sent at two closely spaced notches in a barrier, creating an interference pattern.
ANSWER: Young’s double slit experiment
5. One organization led by this man was originally sponsored by the Thule Society, and he gained control of it at the Bamberg Conference. This ruler’s fiscal policies included issuing currency known as mefo bills to finance economic growth and military development. The Dyle Plan was designed to defend a neighboring country from this ruler, and one military operation launched by this ruler was code-named “Case White” and began with an attack on Westerplatte. Puppet rulers installed by this man included Ferenc Szalasi, Josef Tizo, and Milan Nedic, and he occupied countries led by Emil Hacha and Kurt Schuschnigg. This signer of the Tripartite Pact’s immediate successor was Karl Donitz. For ten points, name this fascist German dictator. ANSWER: Adolf Hitler
6. He broke with another philosopher in his 1937 essay, “The Transcendence of the Ego,” in which he distinguished between “intentional” and “incidental” objects. The former are part of human consciousness, which constructs strives to learn more about the outside world, or “The Other.” The realization that inanimate objects do not respond to human consciousness underlies his existentialist novel, Nausea, while he proposed the idea that self- consciousness has a “masochistic desire”. For ten pionts, name this French philosopher and author of Existentialism is a Humanism as well as Being and Nothingness.
ANSWER: Jean-Paul Sartre
7. This metal catalyzes the Sonogashira, Suzuki, Stille, and Heck reactions, though its lifetime as a catalyst is limited because hydrochloric and sulfuric acid can both slowly dissolve it and atmospheric sulfur causes it to tarnish. Its chemistry is not explained by the octet rule since it possesses ten valence electrons; it readily undergoes transmetallation, as it is also one of the most electronegative transition metals. Its amazing capacity for adsorption of roughly 900 times its volume of hydrogen makes it an ideal catalyst for petroleum cracking and hydrogenation. For 10 points, identify this rare silver-white metal of the platinum group named after an asteroid.
ANSWER: palladium [accept element 46]
8. This author’s career began by translating Yeats and publishing original works in a journal called “New Currents of Thought.” One of his final works was a satire about a “Kappa,” or “water imp.” In 1918 he published “The Spider’s Thread” and “Hell Screen”. His most acclaimed work consists of seven conflicting descriptions of the murder of a samurai. Akira Kurosawa would later direct a film based on that story, “In a Grove,” but titled after this man’s first major work, in which a starving man steals a woman’s kimono. For ten points, identify this namesake of Japan’s greatest literary prize for young short story writers, a writer best known for “Rashomon.”
ANSWER: Akutagawa Ryunosuke
9. His first jersey number in the NBA was 8, chosen as a tribute to Mike d’Antoni, one of his childhood idols in Italy. In 2007, he was involved in a controversy about his swinging his arms unnaturally during his shooting motion to strike Manu Ginobili and Marko Jaric. He responded to this criticism by beginning a streak of four consecutive 50 point games including a 65 point outburst against the Portland Trail Blazers. Some other notable career highlights include an 81 point game against the Toronto Raptors in 2006, and three consecutive championships with the Los Angeles Lakers. FTP, name this basketball player best known as one of the best scorers and shooters in the NBA. ANSWER: Kobe Bryant (either is acceptable)
10. Very early in this playwright’s career, he had moderate success with I Rom and a play about the religious reformer Olaus Petri. One of his plays treats the theme of never knowing if your father is really your father, and features the characters of the Captain and Bertha. This author wrote a play about Arkenholz entitled The Ghost Sonata, and after an experience known as his “Inferno”, he also wrote one simply entitled A Dream Play. In one of this man’s best known plays, one of the characters dreams of robbing a bird’s nest of its eggs. That character, Jean, triumphs over the title character, a member of the “third sex.” For ten points, identify this native of Stockholm, a playwright most notable for Miss Julie. ANSWER: August Strindberg
11. One figure by this name was a Phoenician, whose father Ethbaal was king of Tyre, and whose daughter Athaliah married Jehoram, king of Judah. A prophet predicted a severe drought as retribution for this figures actions, and she continued to rule after her husband’s death through her sons Ahaziah and Jehoram. Another figure by this name led Christians in Thyatira into sexual vice and eating food sacrificed to idols, according to Revelation 2:20. The first figure was killed when her servants threw her out a window and left her to be eaten by a pack of dogs. FTP, name this worshipper of Baal who corrupted her husband Ahab, a wicked queen of ancient Israel.
ANSWER: Jezebel
11. The Duke of Gloucester was notable for his heroism in this battle. One side in this battle notably made a tactical mistake by choosing very small ground and thus forfeiting their considerable advantage of numbers, and it later proved to be more deadly as their heavily armored knights were fodder for lightly armed archers. Charles de l’Albert on the French side of this conflict was blamed for their tactical stupidity, and that side lost about 5,000 men. This battle came about after Henry V attempted to move his troops to Calais and was blocked by the French. For ten points, identify this decisive English victory over the French, a 1415 battle of the Hundred Years War.
ANSWER: Battle of Agincourt
12. In one of this artist’s lesser known paintings, three men sit around a table and gamble, with one cheating by looking at another’s cards. This man also painted a work in which a naked cupid stands on symbols of war, music, science, and government. In addition to The Cardsharps and Love Triumphs Over All, this painter painted numerous Biblical scenes, including one in which three angry looking men gather around a frowning Christ who is blessing bread. He also painted a work in which a beam of light from the shines on the titular apostle and Christ, wearing a hat, points at him. For ten points, identify this Italian Baroque, noted for his use of tenebrism, who painted Supper At Emmaus and The Calling of St. Matthew.
ANSWER: Caravaggio (accept “Michelangelo Merisi”)
13. One episode in this novel concerns a crow appearing at the birth of one of the children of the narrator, who turns out to be mentally retarded. Late in this novel, the narrator forces his son to marry a grain merchant’s daughter, and he also succeeds in addicting his uncle and his uncle’s wife to opium. Nung En and Nung Wen attend school in the town, and during a drought year, beg while their father pulls a rickshaw. The narrator of this novel met his concubine, Lotus Blossom, at a tea shop, and she must live in a separate house to avoid angering O-Lan. For ten points, identify this prequel prequel to Sons and A House Divided, a work about Wang Lung by Pearl Buck.
ANWER: The Good Earth 14. This man anecdotally used a door as a shield while fighting at Khaybar and helped al-Zubayr to massacre the Banu Qureza, one of the Jewish tribes of Medina. Some of this man’s titles include Muraba and Haydar, which means “lion”. He accepted arbitration at Siffin when he fought against his successor, the first Umayyad Caliph. One of his sons had his head brought to Damascus after he was killed at Karbala, an event still mourned by those who consider this man the first imam. He commanded the Muslim armies at Fadak, an estate later promised to his wife, Fatima. For ten points, identify this son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad and father of Hussein who is venerated by Shi’ites.
ANSWER: Ali ibn Abi Talib
15. Derived from hematopoietic stem cells, they display CD28 on their surfaces when mature. A consistent marker for them is CD3, the signaling component linked to two highly variable chains that constitute their primary receptors; downstream CD3 signaling results in the transcription of IL-2, a cytokine that induces their proliferation. Except for the gamma-delta population, they all undergo somatic recombination, differentiating into several subsets. CD1d-restriction defines the NK type, while the regulatory ones are CD25/Foxp3 positive and secrete anti- inflammatory IL-10. The remainder interact with either APC's or MHC-I positive cells to perform stimulatory or cytotoxic functions. FTP, identify these white blood cells whose maturation in the thymus gives rise to their name.
ANSWER: T cells
16. This world leader’s second in command, Franz Müntefering, stepped down in November 2007, and this politician faced another setback when Andrea Ypsilanti’s party, as well as the Left Party, fared well on January 27 in state elections in Hesse, probably forcing a grand coalition like the one at the federal level. That federal grand coalition, formed in 2005, includes the Social Democrats and the Christian Social Union. A former opposition leader in the Bundestag and the first Easterner to lead the country since reunification, she is also the first-ever woman to lead her country’s Christian Democrats or to become Chancellor. FTP, identify this current Chancellor of Germany.
ANSWER: Angela Merkel
17. David Donato and Dave Walker briefly served as vocalists for this band but no material was ever released, while Ray Gillen recorded The Eternal Idol with them only to have his vocals rerecorded by Tony Martin. Their disastrous 1983 album, Born Again, featured Deep Purple’s Ian Gillan on vocals, causing Gillan to leave only a year after replacing Ronnie James Dio. Though the Dio years saw success with Mob Rules and Heaven and Hell, their greatest success came in the 1970s with songs like “Sweet Leaf,” “War Pigs,” and “Paranoid.” For ten points, identify this early heavy metal band that gained fame with frontman Ozzy Osbourne.
ANSWER: Black Sabbath
18. He argued for “fruitfulness” as an important test of the usefulness of theories in his 1953 essay, “The Methodology of Positive Economics.” He proposed a negative income tax as an alternative to the welfare system, and he divided lifetime earnings into permanent and transitory categories in his permanent income hypothesis. Writing with Anna Schwartz, he championed the quantity theory of money; in 1962 he also penned Capitalism and Freedom. Rejecting fiscal management of demand and supporting freely floating exchange rates, he became the leader of the monetarist school. For ten points, identify this Chicago School economist who won the Nobel Prize in 1976. ANSWER: Milton Friedman
19, This work’s libretto was initially overlooked because James Harris proposed for its composer to write L’Allegro instead. It begins with a French Overture labeled a “Sinfony” that is dominated by dotted rhythms in E minor, which is followed by an E major recitative for a tenor asking for people to speak comfortably to Jerusalem. Later in the work is a “Pastoral” symphony, which depicts shepherd playing pipes. The libretto was compiled by Charles Jennens from all kinds of biblical quotes like “the lord God omnipotent reigneth”, and it is divided into 3 parts which depict the nativity, the passion, and the victory over death of the title figure. FTP identify this oratorio by Handel with songs like “For unto us a child is born” and the “Hallelujah” Chorus.
ANSWER: Messiah
20. One way to prove this statement is to examine the Sylow 2-subgroups of the Galois group of the Gauss plane. The minimum modulus principle applied to a closed disk around the origin gives a complex analytic proof of this theorem. A topological proof can be obtained by using the invariance of the winding number under continuous deformations. This theorem implies that the complex numbers are the algebraic closure of the reals and also holds for polynomials with complex coefficients. For 10 points, name this theorem that states that an nth-degree polynomial with complex coefficients has exactly n roots.
ANSWER: fundamental theorem of algebra
21. It boasts the Kapuas and Rajang Rivers, both of which are the longest rivers in their respective countries, and its highest point is Mt. Kinabalu, which makes it the third highest island in the world. It is bordered on the south by the Karimata Strait and on the east by the Makassar Strait, through which Wallace’s Line passes. Home to the Dyak people, it includes the states of Sabah and Sarawak, while its southern portion is known as Kalimantan. Divided among Brunei, Malaysia, and Indonesia, this is, FTP, what third largest island in the world?
ANSWER: Borneo Bonuses
1. Tamerlane was born to kick ass and chew bubble gum. Unfortunately, bubble gum was not yet invented. Answer the following about his exploits FTPE.
[10] When Tamerlane sacked this city, then the capital of a namesake Sultanate, he left a giant pyramid of human skulls behind when he left.
ANSWER: Delhi [do not accept New Delhi]
[10] At the Battle of Ankara, Tamerlane captured this Ottoman Sultan and brought him back to Samarkand in a cage, keeping him as a pet. This Sultan had earlier defeated the Serbs at the Battle of Kosovo.
ANSWER: Bayezid I [accept: Bayezid the Thunderbolt, Bayezid Yildirim]
[10] Tamerlane’s arch-nemesis was this Mongol warlord who united the Blue Horde with the White Horde. Tamerlane invaded modern-day Russia to defeat him.
ANSWER: Tokhtamysh
2. Identify these Sinclair Lewis title characters from brief descriptions for ten points each.
[10] This man is a real estate agent in the city of Zenith.
ANSWER: George Follansbee Babbitt
[10] This small-town doctor is eventually offered a prestigious research position in New York.
ANSWER: Martin Arrowsmith
[10] This narcissistic youth enters the clergy and eventually becomes a powerful but amoral preacher.
ANSWER: Elmer Gantry
3. This is a four plus two cycloaddition that forms a cyclohexene from a diene and dienophile. For 10 points each: [10] Name this pericyclic reaction.
ANSWER: the Diels-Alder reaction
[10] The two major products of the Diels-Alder reaction bear this relation to one another, as they isomers in the form of non-superimposable mirror images.
ANSWER: enantiomers
[10] Diels-Alder reactions can be considerably accelerated and increased in specificity by adding one of these catalysts, such as aluminum chloride. Since they accept electron pairs, they lower the energy of the LUMO, boosting reaction rate.
ANSWER: Lewis acids [prompt on acids]
4. Before Titanomachy was a quizbowl tournament, it was an actual thing. Answer stuff about that for ten points each.
[10] The Titanomachy was a war between the gods, led by Zeus, and the Titans, led by this father of Zeus.
ANSWER: Cronos
[10] The gods were able to win the Titanomachy because they allied with these creatures who had a hundred hands and fifty heads each.
ANSWER: Hecatonchires
[10] After their defeat, the Titans were imprisoned in this part of the Greek underworld. Some sinful mortals are also imprisoned here, such as Tantalus.
ANSWER: Tartarus
5. Name some Italian authors for ten points each.
[10] Born in southern Sicily, this author won the Nobel Prize in 1934. His plays include The Man With the Flower in His Mouth, but you know him better for Six Characters in Search of an Author.
ANSWER: Luigi Pirandello
[10] This native of the Italian Riviera is remembered for two novels written in the 1970s: Invisible Cities, a magical realist novel, and the self-referential novel If On a Winter’s Night a Traveler.
ANSWER: Italo Calvino
[10] This guy wrote a set of 100 sometimes rather bawdy novellas, which begins when 7 women and 3 men flee Florence due to plague.
ANSWER: Giovanni Boccacio
6. Identify these landmark ex parte cases from American judiciary history, F10PE. [10] In this notable decision, Taney ruled that ruled Lincoln could not suspend habeas corpus for a secessionist at Fort McHenry.
ANSWER: Ex parte Merryman
[10] This 1866 Salmon P. Chase decision ruled that ruled an Indiana civilian could not be tried in military courts when civil courts existed.
ANSWER: Ex parte Milligan
[10] In this Morrison Waite decision, he upheld the prior conviction of Klansmen who prevented a black man from voting in Georgia.
ANSWER: Ex parte Yarborough
7. Identify these from an artist and his works, F10PE.
[10] This American artist was a student of Robert Henri and painted works like Office in a Small City, Automat and Early Sunday Morning.
ANSWER: Edward Hopper
[10] Edward Hopper is probably the most famous for this work, which depicts a diner named Phillies.
ANSWER: Nighthawks
[10] Hopper also painted this work, which depicts a woman and her doppelganger enjoying the title dish.
ANSWER: Chop Suey
8. Identify these geometric terms, for 10 points each.
[10] This is the common intersection of all three altitudes of a triangle.
ANSWER: the orthocenter [prompt on center]
[10] These triangle centers are the intersections of a pair of exterior angle bisectors and an interior angle bisector. They lie outside the triangle.
ANSWER: excenters [prompt on centers]
[10] This is point in a triangle with minimum average distance to the vertices. Its namesake also had a namesake Last Theorem that was difficult to prove.
ANSWER: the Fermat point
9. Identify these sources of BCS controversy in college football for ten points each.
[10] In 2003, Oklahoma lost in the Big 12 conference championship, but was still invited to the national title game ahead of this team, coached by Pete Carroll, who many considered to be the more legitimate champions ANSWER: USC (accept University of Southern California)
[10] In 2004, this SEC team coached by Tommy Tuberville went undefeated in the regular season but finished 3rd in the final BCS rankings and was not invited to the national title game.
ANSWER: Auburn [10] In 2001, this team starring Eric Crouch also failed to win the Big 12 championship game and was pummeled by Miami in the title game 37-14.
ANSWER: Nebraska
10. Name these works of literature that are named after other works of literature, F10PE.
[10] One of Edgar Allan Poe’s short stories about the French detective Dupin, the tale involves the search for a highly compromising note hidden by the unscrupulous Minister D---.
ANSWER: “The Purloined Letter”
[10] Anna Wulf is the protagonist of this 1962 novel by Doris Lessing. Its title actually refers to four different- colored journals which Anna tries to combine into a single volume.
ANSWER: The Golden Notebook
[10] This novel, Charles Dickens’s first, contains characters such as the valet Sam Weller and Mr. Augustus Snodgrass, and takes its name from the proceedings of their idiosyncratic club.
ANSWER: The Pickwick Papers
11. Identify these Poles from brief descriptions, F10PE.
[10] This man led a strike at the Lenin Shipyard in 1980, and later founded the Solidarity movement.
ANSWER: Lech Walesa
[10] This Pole helped the Americans in the Revolution, but after returning, rebelled against Russia and got soundly defeated.
ANSWER: Andrzej Kościuszko
[10] This much earlier Polish king reunited Poland after defeated in the Teutonic knights in the 14th Century.
ANSWER: Wladislaw I
12. Identify these board games from descriptions for ten points each.
[10] Debuting in 1995, this Spiel des Jahres winner has had its fourth edition published recently. Expansions include Seafarers and Cities & Knights. ANSWER: The Settlers of Catan
[10] This tile-laying game has numerous expansions including Traders & Builders and The Princess & the Dragon. Players attempt to complete roads, cities, and monasteries while carefully placing their followers, sometimes known as ‘meeples.’
ANSWER: Carcassonne
[10] The Black Ops version of this game is scheduled to come out in 2008, which will add cities and capitals and shift the focus toward completing objectives instead of global domination. Hopefully, the Australia strategy will not return.
ANSWER: Risk
13. The Legendre transform of the Hamiltonian, this quantity is classically defined as the kinetic energy of a system minus its potential energy. Its symmetries correspond to symmetries of the equations of motion for a system. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this quantity fundamental to a namesake form of mechanics derived by an Italo-French mathematician.
ANSWER: the Lagrangian [prompt on L]
[10] The time integral of a system’s Lagrangian is this quantity, symbolized S. It is stationary according to Hamilton’s principle, which is also known as the principle of least [it].
ANSWER: the action [prompt on S]
[10] Hamilton’s principle applied to the action for a mass in a potential yields an Euler-Lagrange equation equivalent to this fundamental law of mechanics, which can be stated F equals d p by d t.
ANSWER: Newton’s second law of motion [prompt on Newton or second law]
14. Answer some questions about a British playwright, F10PE.
[10] That playwright wrote this play, about two men in the basement of a restaurant. They keep getting orders that they can’t fill, and it continually frustrates them. One of them dies.
ANSWER: The Dumbwaiter
[10] This playwright wrote The Dumbwaiter as well as Homecoming.
ANSWER: Harold Pinter
[10] In this Pinter play, Nat and Dermot are visitors to Meg and Pete Boles’ boarding house by the sea. Stanley Webber is an unemployed pianist, and the title event is held in his honor.
ANSWER: The Birthday Party
15. Identify these songs related to New Orleans for ten points each. [10] This 1989 song by Canadian band The Tragically Hip was taken off of set-lists after Hurricane Katrina. Your packet author was fortunate enough to be there in Chicago in 2006 for its first live play since Katrina.
ANSWER: “New Orleans is Sinking”
[10] This folk song about a wayward person was made a hit in 1964 by The Animals. The titular location is mentioned as being in New Orleans.
ANSWER: “The House of the Rising Sun”
[10] This only top ten hit for The Allman Brothers notes that the speaker is “on my way to New Orleans this mornin’ / Leaving out of Nashville Tennessee.”
ANSWER: “Ramblin’ Man”
16. Identify these battles from the American Revolution, F10PE.
[10] In this 1775 Massachusetts battle, Howe was able to dislodge Prescott and Putnam. It may have had something to do with the Americans fortifying the wrong hill.
ANSWER: Battle of Bunker Hill (you could probably take “Breed’s Hill”)
[10] In this 1777 Pennsylvania battle, Washington was unable to prevent Howe’s advance to Philadelphia from the Chesapeake.
ANSWER: Battle of Brandywine
[10] This battle, fought in South Carolina, was a victory for American Revolutionaries over loyalists under Major Patrick Ferguson.
ANSWER: Battle of King’s Mountain
17. Answer the following about a more recent American author and his work, F10PE.
[10] This novel, divided into 4 episodes, concerns the Schwarzgerät missile, which will be loaded into a rocket with serial number 0000. It’s constructed cyclically and has a rather enormous amount of characters.
ANSWER: Gravity’s Rainbow
[10] This author, who also wrote The Crying of Lot 49, wrote Gravity’s Rainbow.
ANSWER: Thomas Pyncheon
[10] Thomas Pyncheon’s most recent novel, it concerns Webb Traverse’s murder by two gunmen after his explosive detonation of railroad interests.
ANSWER: Against the Day
18. Identify these biological laboratory techniques FTPE.
[10] Often run to determine whether or not an enzyme is being produced by a target gene, an example of this kind of test is the yeast-two hybrid one.
ANSWER: assay [10] After using gel electrophoresis to separate native or denatured proteins, this procedure is performed to transfer the bands to a membrane, which is then subjected to successive treatments of antibodies specific to the target protein. It is not named for a scientist like a similar procedure used for DNA.
ANSWER: Western Blot
[10] This procedure requires template DNA and an eponymous enzyme, along with deoxynucleoside triphosphates and complementary primers, to amplify a specific DNA region after a series of steps.
ANSWER: polymerase chain reaction or PCR
19. Identify the following about a famous composer and his works. FTPE:
[10] This opera opens with the burning bush scene from the book of Exodus. Its composer changed the spelling of one of the title character’s names.
ANSWER: Moses und Aron or Moses and Aron
[10] This more tonal work was originally written for a string sextet and reorchestrated for a string orchestra. Its programmatic content depicts a woman telling her lover that she is pregnant with another man’s child, and is based on a Richard Dehmel poem.
ANSWER: Verklarte Nacht or Transfigured Night
[10] This man wrote Moses und Aron and Verklarte Nacht, as well as the sprechstimme Pierrot Lunaire. He is famous for developing atonal and serial music.
ANSWER: Arnold Schoenberg
20. Identify the following works of political philosophy, F10PE.
[10] First, this work by Thomas Hobbes posits that giving up complete control of one’s life to the title entity is a good idea.
ANSWER: Leviathan
[10] In this work by John Rawls, a “veil of ignorance”, which creates a new society and denies all of its participants foreknowledge of what their role is, is proposed in order to further the title concept.
ANSWER: Theory of Justice
[10] In addition to Confessions, Augustine of Hippo wrote this work, in which he contrasts a representation of Babylon with the titular concept in order to prove a point about Rome.
ANSWER: The City of God
21. It runs from Balboa in the southeast to Cristobal in the northwest. For ten points each –
[10] Identify this waterway.
ANSWER: Panama Canal [10] The Panama Canal passes through this lake formed by a namesake dam on the Chagres River. ANSWER: Gatun Lake (do not accept Miraflores Lake, which is not formed by the Chagres River) [10] This presidential candidate in the 2008 election was born in the Panama Canal Zone. ANSWER: John McCain