Chapter X Chapter Title Here

Chapter 16 – Diseases of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

Chapter Outline

I. Introduction II. Normal Anatomy and Physiology of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract A. Motility, Secretion, Digestion, and Absorption B. Anatomy and Physiology of the Oral Cavity 1. Oral Cavity Motility 2. Oral Cavity Secretions C. Normal Anatomy and Physiology of the Esophagus D. Normal Anatomy and Physiology of the Stomach 1. Gastric Motility 2. Gastric Secretions a. Control of Gastric Secretions b. Release of Gastric Secretions 3. Gastric Digestion and Absorption a. Digestion in the Stomach b. Absorption in the Stomach III. Pathophysiology of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract A. Pathophysiology of the Oral Cavity 1. Oral Disease a. Dental Caries 1. Individuals at Risk for Dental Disease 2. Prevention of Dental Disease b. Inflammatory Continues of the Oral Cavity 1. Table 16.5 Nutrition Strategies: Stomatitis c. Conditions Resulting in Altered Salivary Gland Function 1. Table 16.6 Possible Causes of Xerostomia 2. Table 16.7 Nutrition Strategies: Xerostomia 2. Surgical Procedures for the Oral Cavity – Table 16.8 Blenderized Diets 3. Impaired Taste: Dysgeusia/Ageusia IV. Nutrition Therapy for Pathophysiology of the Oral Cavity A. Nutritional Implications B. Nutrition Intervention 1. Table 16.9 Texture Modifications for Problems in Chewing and Swallowing 2. Evaluation and Monitoring V. Pathophysiology of the Esophagus A. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) 1. Table 16.10 Conditions and Substances Associated with Esophageal Reflux 2. Table 16.11 Medications for Treatment of GERD B. Barrett’s Esophagus—A Complication of GERD C. Nutrition Therapy—Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease 1. Nutritional Implications 2. Assessment 3. Nutrition Intervention a. Table 16.12 Nutrition Interventions for GERD D. Dysphagia – Table 16.13 Diseases and Conditions Associated with Dysphagia E. Nutrition Therapy for Dysphagia 1. Table 16.14 Dysphagic Symptoms that Have Nutritional Implications 2. Box 16.2 Diagnostic Procedures: Upper GI Pathology 3. Nutrition Implications 4. Nutrition Interventions a. Table 16.15 National Dysphagia Diet 1, 2, and 3 b. Table 16.16 Thickening Agents and Specialty Food Products Used to Treat Dysphagia F. Achalasia G. Nutrition Therapy for Achalasia 1. Nutrition Implications 2. Nutrition Interventions H. Hiatal Hernia VI. Pathophysiology of the Stomach A. Indigestion B. Nausea and Vomiting 1. Table 16.17 Antiemetic Agents Used in the Treatment of Nausea and/or Vomiting C. Nutrition Therapy for Nausea and Vomiting 1. Nutritional Implications 2. Nutritional Interventions a. Table 16.18 Food/Nutritional Suggestions to Reduce Nausea and Vomiting D. Gastritis E. Peptic Ulcer Disease 1. Table 16.19 FDA-Approved Treatment Options for Eradication of H. pylori Infection 2. Table 16.20 Drugs Used in Treatment of Peptic Ulcer Disease F. Nutrition Therapy for PUD 1. Nutritional Implications 2. Nutrition Interventions 3. Evaluation G. Gastric Surgery 1. Vagotomy 2. Gastroduodenostomy (Billroth I); Gastrojejunostomy (BillrothII); Roux-en-Y Procedure H. Nutrition Therapy for Gastric Surgery 1. Nutritional Implications 2. Dumping Syndrome 3. Nutrition Interventions – Table 16.21 Nutrition Interventions after Gastric Surgery 4. Evaluation and Follow-Up I. Other Conditions of Gastric Pathophysiology 1. Stress Ulcers 2. Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome VII. Conclusion