Review – The Middle Ages Global History and Geography I Name: ______E. Napp Date: ______

Word Bank: Serf, Lord, Vassal, Knight, Chivalry, Rome, Central Government, Invaders, Medieval, Manor, Roman Catholic Church, Pope, Latin, Salvation, Excommunication, Tithe, Monk 1. What was the most important force in 7. The growth of feudalism in Europe providing unity and stability throughout during the Middle Ages was primarily western Europe during the Middle Ages? caused by the (1) church (3) inquisition (1) rivalry between the colonial empires (2) nobility (4) military (2) suppression of internationalism (3) decline of the Roman Catholic Church 2. In western Europe, feudalism developed (4) collapse of a strong central government after the (1) Roman Empire collapsed 8. The Roman Catholic Church during the (2) Renaissance began Middle Ages in Europe can best be (3) city of Constantinople fell described as a church that (4) Mongols invaded (1) favored separation from secular governments 3. The term feudalism is best defined as a (2) avoided involvement in social and (1) holy war between Christians and educational matters Muslims (3) was a strong force that divided many (2) process in which goods are traded for people other goods (4) was a stabilizing influence during a (3) division of political power between three period of weak central governments separate branches (4) system in which land is exchanged for 9. A major goal of the Christian Church military service and loyalty during the Crusades (1096–1291) was to (1) establish Christianity in western Europe 4. Which is a characteristic of a feudal (2) capture the Holy Land from Islamic society? rulers (1) rapid social change (3) unite warring Arab peoples (2) high literacy rate (4) strengthen English dominance in the (3) industrial-based economy Arab world (4) rigid class structure 10. There are no precise, incontrovertible 5. In European feudal society, an dates to define the beginning or end of the individual’s social status was generally Middle Ages. However, many scholars agree determined by that the start of the medieval era is marked (1) birth by a very significant development that took (2) education and training place in the fifth century. What is that (3) individual abilities development? (4) marriage (1) The Black Death (2) The Fall of Rome 6. Which economic system existed in Europe (3) The Renaissance during the early Middle Ages? (4) The Scientific Revolution (1) free market (2) socialism (3) manorialism (4) command “The Roman Catholic Church was the single, largest unifying structure in medieval Europe. It touched everyone’s life, no matter what their rank or class or where they lived. With the exception of a small number of Jews, everyone in Europe was a Christian during the Middle Ages from the richest king down to the lowest serf.

From the moment of its baptism a few days after birth, a child entered into a life of service to God and God’s Church. As a child grew, it would be taught basic prayers, would go to church every week barring illness, and would learn of its responsibilities to the Church. Every person was required to live by the Church’s laws and to pay heavy taxes to support the Church. In return for this, they were shown the way to everlasting life and happiness after lives that were often short and hard.

In addition to collecting taxes, the Church also accepted gifts of all kinds from individuals who wanted special favors or wanted to be certain of a place in heaven. These gifts included land, flocks, crops, and even serfs. This allowed the Church to become very powerful, and it often used this power to influence kings to do as it wanted.”

1: What was the single, largest unifying structure in medieval Europe?

2: Who was touched by the Roman Catholic Church in the Middle Ages?

3: What did the Church expect children to do?

4: What did the Church give in return for the taxes people paid?

5: Why did individuals give the Church gifts?

6: Provide examples of gifts.

7: Why was the Church wealthy and powerful during the Middle Ages?

8: Is the Roman Catholic Church as powerful today? Explain your answer.

9: Are people today as religious as medieval people? Explain your answer. “Because religion was so important during the Middle Ages, many people devoted their whole lives to being closer to God and doing the Church's work. Sometimes, parents promised their children to this religious life in order to fulfill a promise to God and to ensure their children were never homeless or without food. These people became monks (if they were men) or nuns (if they were women) and lived apart from the rest of the people in special communities called monasteries and nunneries. Monks and nuns promised to always remain single, to be obedient to their superiors and to live a life of prayer. They ate simple food, dressed in simple clothes (called habits) and spent their days in silence, praying or working. They also attended many church services. There were seven main church services each day, the first at dawn and the last in the middle of the night.”

8: Why did many people devote themselves to God?

9: Why did parents sometimes promise their children to the religious life?

10: Who were monks and nuns?

11: What did monks and nuns promise?

12: Describe a day in the life of a monk or nun.

1- What determines a person’s position in the medieval hierarchy?

2- How do nobles or lords differ from peasants?

3- Why are knights particularly important in medieval society?

4- Why was life particularly difficult for many peasants?

Create a class system for modern American society.

How does modern American society differ from medieval society?

What advantages existed in medieval society for the individual?

What advantages exist in modern American society for the individual? Which system do you prefer and why?

Define manor: Define self-sufficient: Why were manors self-sufficient in the Middle Ages? Why were castles a prominent feature of medieval architecture? Why were castles often constructed on high ground or surrounded by moats?

Why were medieval streets unsanitary?

Compare the duties and obligations of lords, knights, and serfs.