Producto De B. Arthur

The July Crisis Producto de B. Arthur Hecho en EEUU Round 9

Tossups

1. One ruler from this ethnic group introduced the Jalali Calendar, and one member of this ethnic group who founded a new state was killed by Tutush I. Kutalmish lost a succession struggle among these peoples, and one of their rulers is buried in the Zavvarian, while another is commemorated by the namesake Toghrol Tower. At the Battle of Dandanaqan, these peoples conquered the Ghaznavid Empire. One branch of these peoples founded the Zengid dynasty, whose atabegs included Nur ad-Din, the ruler overthrown by Saladin. Shortly before the First Crusade, they lost Jerusalem to the Fatimids. Their greatest victory came on the shores of Lake Van against Romanos IV. For ten points, Alp Arslan was a member of what Turkish group that won the Battle of Manzikert and drove the Byzantines out of Anatolia? Answer: Seljuk Turks [prompt on “Turks” until mentioned]

2. Members of the losing side in this conflict were inspired by the Prague Manifesto and saw themselves as successors to a previous movement led by Joss Fritz under the Bundschuh banner. That side committed the Weinsberg Massacre, followed the work of Thomas Muntzer, and had leaders including Floran Geyer, who was defeated at the Battle of Ingolstadt, and Gotz von Berlichingen, a mercenary with an iron hand. The subject of an 1850 work by Engels, the losers were finally defeated at the Battle of Frankenhausen and condemned as “murderous, thieving hordes” by Martin Luther. For ten points, name this 1524-25 uprising of lower-class persons in Germany. Answer: Peasants War [accept: Baurenkrieg; do not accept Peasants Revolt, which is a different conflict]

3. In To Purge This Land With Blood, historian Stephen Oates relates that after this man died, Dr. Laurents Hickok offered to take his place, and this man’s death inspired a Wendell Phillip speech in Faneuil Hall. John Quincy Adams, who wrote the introduction to the first biography of this man, described this man’s death as “an earthquake which will be felt in the most distant regions of the world”. After the murder of Frank McIntosh, this man made accusations of Popery against Judge Luke Lawless, who had refused to press charges against the mob that did the killing, causing this student of David Nelson and Jeremiah Chaplain to be run out of St. Louis. This man had assistants named Royal Weller and Thadeus Hurlbut and a brother named Owen who became a Republican Congressman from Illinois in 1857. He died at the Gilman Warehouse, where he had hidden the tool of his trade that had already been destroyed by angry mobs on three different occasions. For ten points, name this newspaper editor of the St. Louis Observer and Alton Observer, an abolitionist who was killed when a pro-slavery mob burned his printing press. Answer: Elijah Parish Lovejoy

4. One of the less famous but important holders of this office was L. Apuleius Saturninus, who was elected to it three times before his execution. One holder of this office repealed the Lex Aelia Fufia, while Publius Sulpicius Rufus held this post during the Social War. In fact, it was largely because of Sulpicius that Sulla later temporarily caused anyone elected to it to be ineligible for future offices and briefly overturned the Lex Hortensia by stripping this post of lawmaking power. One holder of this office attempted to remove his colleague Marcus Octavius for accepting massive bribes and one was killed by Philocrates, after which his skull was split and filled with molten lead. Another holder of this office caused the Bona Dea scandal by entering Julius Caesar’s house dressed as a woman during a religious ceremony. Apart from P. Clodius Pulcher, holders of this office include the proponent of the Lex Sempronia Agraria, a land reform. For ten points, name this office of the Roman Republic held by the Gracchi Brothers, who could interpose a veto on an act of the Senate, designed to represent the plebians. Answer: Tribune of the Plebs [accept: Tribunus Plebs]

5. One attempt to restore this polity was a rebellion led by Wilbawe and Keppetipola Disawe, the Uva Rebellion, which was crushed by Robert Brownrigg. Odeen and Sangunglo were two Malayan soldiers who fought for this kingdom when it was invaded by Hay MacDowell. After the extinction of the Mahanuwara Dynasty, it was ruled by the Nayak Dynasty. Under Kirti Sri, it fought a war with the Dutch, who had colonized the coast near this inland mountain kingdom, but this home of the Tooth of the Buddha lasted until the 1815 British conquest of its island. For ten points, name this last independent kingdom on Sri Lanka, whose name sounds like a type of sweet. Answer: Kingdom of Kandy

6. The first man to hold this post was stoned to death in the church at Treves, and another man to hold this post was a patron of Saint Columban and rival of Willibad of Burgundy. Apart from Parthemius and Waldalenus, early holders of this post include a man who led forces at the Battle of Brinnacum, Landric, as well as Gogo. One of these named Ragenfrid was deposed by the victor of the Battles of Ambleve and Vincy, who would later defeat Abd el-Rahman at a more famous battle. With the blessing of Pope Stephen II, one nicknamed “the short” finally ended the charade and declared himself king. For ten points, name this post that held true power under the late Merovingians, held by Charles Martel. Answer: Majordomo [accept: Mayor of the Palace]

7. The people involved in this event in Massachusetts and New Hampshire were transported to Deer Island. The actions of this event were challenged in the case Colyer v. Skeffington, and it was similar to an event that had occurred in Bisbee, Arizona two years earlier. One opponent of this event was Assistant Secretary of Labor Louis Post, who had the power to decide deportation cases. As a result of it, the Buford was used to transfer over 200 people to the Soviet Union, including Alexander Berkman and Emma Goldman. For 10 points, name this 1919 to 1921 event that targeted radical leftists and was carried out by its namesake, the Attorney General under President Wilson who was nicknamed The Fighting Quaker. Answer: Palmer Raids

8. One bishop of this city was martyred while trying to convert the Old Prussians, and had previously converted a pagan king at Esztergom. Apart from St. Adalbert, other early residents of this city include the ruler who won the Battle of Kressenbrunn and the semi-mythical founder Libuse. The architect Matthias of Arras built several cathedrals in this city, such as Our Lady of Tyn and St. Vitus. One treaty named after this city ended the Swedish phase of the Thirty Years War, and it was the site of an 1848 conference that wrote the song “Hey, Slavs!”, the anthem of the Pan-Slavic movement. An uprising in this city resulted in a disagreement over whether angels or a pile of dung under the Hradcany had saved the lives of some Habsburg officials. For ten points, name this city where locals sometimes throw people out of windows, the capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Czech Republic. Answer: Prague [accept: Praha]

9. News of this defeat was a blow to Bonnie Dundee’s Rising but was quickly overshadowed by a setback at Beachy Head. One side gave up a strong position at Newbry and retreated to the site of this battle where Lauzen’s French forces were diverted to Slane bridge near Roughgrange by an overly nervous commander. Though the Duke of Schomberg was killed, both sides suffered few casualties, perhaps because one commander quickly fled with Sarsfield to Dublin before departing for France. The Dutch Blue Guards forced the first crossing at Oldbridge but were then attacked by cavalry before they could surround the Jacobite army. For ten points, identify this July 1st 1690 battle that saw William of Orange defeat James II in Ireland along the namesake river. Answer: Battle of the Boyne

10. Woody Holton has written about the theme of investment and bond buying in these works, especially one addressed to Mary Smith Cranch. In one of these, the author describes a group of sailors visiting the neighbor, Dr. Lorthropes. Another describes being elected alongside Mrs. Winthrope and Mrs. Warren to interrogate some captured Torries, and many of these discuss the children of Joseph Warren, whom the author helped raise. One of these gives an eyewitness account of the capture of Nook Hill from the British, and others describe the Battle of Bunker Hill. The most famous of these urged a delegate at the Continental Congress from Braintree to “remember the ladies”. For ten points, name these pieces of correspondence written by the second First Lady. Answer: Letters of Abigail Adams [accept reasonable equivalent; prompt on “Abigail Adams”]

11. Joyce Marcus wrote a book on how the urban society of these peoples evolved. These peoples’s name means “cloud people”, referring to the myth that their ruling class descended from beings that lived on clouds, and they worshipped the god of light Coquihani and the rain deity Cocijo. This civilization conquered the city of Tehuantepec, and ruins of this civilization can be found at Dainzu, Zaachila, and Mitla, which eventually became their capital. Their monuments include “Los Danzantes”, a series of statues of slain warriors. They were conquered by Emperor Ahuitzotl of the Aztecs and were governed by King Cosijoeza when they were attacked by Spain. For ten points, name this Mesoamerican civilization responsible for Monte Alban and other sites in Oaxaca (wah-haka) on the Pacific Coast of Mexico. Answer: Zapotecs

12. The army that ended up losing this battle was under the command of the Governor of Kucha and had been deployed to the area to discipline a ruler of Gilgit. This battle was sparked when it defeated Alutar, the ruler of Ferghana and a puppet of this battle’s eventual winner, at the Battle of Namangan. The turning point in this five-day clash near the base of the Pamir Mountains came when the Qarluq tribe defected to the side of Ziyad ibn Salih. Prisoners of war brought to Samarkand after this battle were credited with teaching their captors how to make paper, a skill apparently well known to Kao Hsin-chih’s soldiers. For ten points, name this 751 battle in modern day Kyrgyzstan between the Abbasid Caliphate and the Chinese Tang Dynasty. Answer: Battle of the Talas River

13. As a child, this ruler was tutored by Semen Poroshin, and once in power this ruler freed Nikolay Novkikov and Alexander Radishchev. A plot against this ruler was led by Admiral Jose Ribas and Nikita Panin and his foreign minister was Fyodor Rostopchin. This ruler ordered Vasily Orlov to lead a Cossock army on an invasion of India and had a strange obsession with the Knights of St. John that led him to order Admiral Ushakov to capture Malta. A Danish navy allied with this ruler was defeated by Admiral Hyde Parker at the Battle of Copenhagen, shattering this ruler’s dreams of a League of Armed Neutrality, and leading to his assassination and replacement with his son Alexander. For ten points, name this son of Catherine the Great that reigned as Tsar from 1796 to 1801. Answer: Paul [accept: Paul I]

14. Columbia historian Richard Bulliet devised a curve to model the incidence of this act, based in part on name records and likelihood of exposure to people who have already done it, and this act and a related one have been studied in Africa by Robert Horton. In Voyager’s Tale, Richard Hakluyt describes John Nelson, who was forced to be the first Englishman to do this, while Austrians that did this include a negotiator of the Treaty of St. Germain, Rudolf von Slatin. Cassius the Visigoth did this and was rewarded with a kingdom based at Tudela. Early doers of this act frequently moved from the countryside to barrack cities. The first Ethiopian to do this was Bilal, a slave, while Abu Sufyan refused to do it, and Salman was the first Persian to do it. For ten points, name this religious activity you might do to avoid the jizya tax on non- believers. Answer: Converting to Islam [prompt on convert]

15. One figure in this work claims to have a dream of a snake coiled around her neck to explain why she is crying, but her real reason was being ordered to slit the throat of her husband while he slept on her knees. That character later dies by being burned in a rice castle. This work also tells of a blind seven-year old who beheads the man who killed his father and married his mother. Apart from Princess Saho and King Mayowa, other characters include Prince Yamatotakeru, who is turned into a giant white bird. An 18th century interpretation of this work was written by Motoori Norinaga.. One ruler in this work is so upset at being away from his mother that he cries until his beard reaches his breast; that crybaby also owns Kusanagi, a sword. This work’s author, O no Yasumaro, presented this text to Emperor Temmu in AD 680. For ten points, name this oldest known book in Japanese, an semi-mythical early history of Japan. Answer: Kojiki [do not accept “Kujiki”, a different book]

16. One polity on this island was established by Abo Hafs Omer Al-Baloty, who had fled from Moorish Spain after his unsuccessful Al-Rabed revolt against Al-Hakam I. This island was home to a rebellion led by Ioannis Vlachos, commemorated in a local epic poem known as “The Song of Daskalogiannis”. The Prussian-born Geissler Pasha helped Omer Pasha brutally put down a rebellion here led by Demetrios Mavrocordatos that started at the Fair of Omalos, known as this island’s “great revolt”, which included a massacre at the Arkadi Monastery. For a time this island was stabilized by the 1878 Pact of Halepa. Originally falling to the Turks after the Siege of Candia, during World War Two it was the target of Operation Mercury, a costly airborne invasion by Nazi Germany. For ten points, name this Greek island once home to bull-jumping and the Minoans. Answer: Crete [accept: Krete, Kriti, Griti]

Bonuses

1. Identify the following battles of the Thirty Years War FTPE. [10] Gustavus Adolphus achieved his greatest victory at this 1631 battle in modern-day Saxony, where he first established the superiority of his military reforms against the Count of Tilly. Answer: Battle of Breitenfeld [10] Gustavus Adolphus was forced to intervene in the Thirty Years War because Denmark had been forced out of the war by this climactic 1626 battle, which was followed by the Peace of Lubeck. Answer: Battle of Lutter am Barenberge [10] At this 1643 battle, a young Prince of Conde defeated the Spanish in the Ardennes region. It marked the end of the Spanish tercio formation. Answer: Battle of Rocroi

2. Identify the following about things people wrote in 17th century America FTPE. [10] This 1781 book written by Thomas Jefferson seeks to teach foreigners, especially the French, about his home colony. Answer: Notes on the State of Virginia [10] In 1794, Thomas Paine wrote this pamphlet subtitled “An Investigation of True and Fabulous Theology”. In it, he advocated deism. Answer: The Age of Reason [10] In 1768, the Townshend acts got trashed in the pamphlet media by a mysterious letter-writing Pennsylvania farmer, who turned out to be this guy. Answer: John Dickinson

3. Rikotu is a retired businessman in modern Japan. Answer the following about his everyday life FTPE. [10] Like many older and rural Japanese, Rikotu votes for this conservative political party that, with one interruption, has ruled Japan since 1955. Answer: Liberal Democratic Party [accept: LDP; Jiyu-Minshuto] [10] While Rikotu supports the LDP, he dislikes it when LDP Prime Ministers visit this war shrine where WW2 war criminals are buried, since it strains trade relations with Korea. Answer: Yasukuni Shrine [10] Rikotu complains to all who will listen that his daughter Noriko is one of these people, a term used in Japan to describe young people who do not marry until their 30’s and instead live with their parents. Answer: Parasite Singles [accept: parasaito shinguru; prompt on “single”]

4. Identify these Archbishops of Canterbury FTPE. [10] The last Roman Catholic to hold the post was this man appointed by Queen Mary. Answer: Reginald Pole [10] This High Church archbishop was executed during the English Civil War for being a supporter of King Charles I. Answer: William Laud [10] After Bishop Laud’s execution in 1645, the position went vacant until this man was finally appointed in 1660. He would crown Charles II shortly thereafter. Answer: William Juxson

5. Identify the following Sikhs of note, none of whom are Daler Mendhi, FTPE. [10] This man founded Sikhism and served as its first guru. Answer: Guru Nanak Dev [10] Like everybody and their brother during his era, this final human guru of Sikhism led a rebellion against Aurengzeb. He later nominated the Guru Granth Sahib, a book, as his successor Answer: Guru Gobind Singh Ji [10] For a final ten points, name either of the two Sikhs who assassinated Indira Gandhi in 1984. Answer: Satwant Singh OR Beant Singh

6. His supporters called this man the “Plumed Knight”. FTPE, [10] First, name this 1888 Republican Presidential nominee and Speaker of the House better known to his enemies as the “continental liar from the State of Maine.” Answer: James Gillespie Blaine [10] James G. Blaine was constantly bedeviled by Mugwumps, including this German-born Senator who became Grover Cleveland’s Secretary of the Interior. Answer: Carl Schurz [10] James G. Blaine was also hurt by this Protestant minister, whose association of the Democratic Party with Rum and Romanism hilariously caused Irish voters to flock to it. Answer: Samuel Dickerson Burchard

7. Resulting in 80,000 Roman deaths, it was one of the deadliest battles in human history, but few people remember it. FTPE, find out if you do. [10] I’m talking about this 105 BC battle in Gaul where the Cimbri and Teutons destroyed twelve Roman legions. Answer: Battle of Arausio [10] The Battle of Arausio panicked the Romans so much that they elected this general to six consecutive consulships and let him do whatever he wanted, such as letting poor people join the army. Answer: Gaius Marius [10] The Romans were wise to turn to Marius; he destroyed the Cimbri and the Teutons at two battles in Liguria a few years after Arausio. Name either. Answer: Battle of Vercellae OR Battle of Sextiae

8. One general from this city won the Battle of Legnano against Frederick Barbarossa. FTPE, name the following from the history of Milan. [10] In 1176, Milan led the formation of this alliance, which opposed the power of the Holy Roman Emperor in Northern Italy. Answer: Lombard League [accept: Lega Lombarda] [10] In 1450, this mercenary seized control of Milan and founded the Sforza Dynasty. Answer: Francesco I Sforza [10] Milan lost its independence forever when it was conquered by France in this 1515 battle that also ended the War of the League of Cambrai. It spent the next 450 years being kicked around between France and Austria. Answer: Battle of Marignano

9. Identify the following about the history of Bulgaria. [10] Bulgaria gained independence from the Ottoman Empire via this 1878 treaty, although its terms were heavily modified by the Great Powers shortly thereafter. Answer: Treaty of San Stefano [10] The first ruler of newly independent Bulgaria was this German nobleman, the son of the Prince of Hesse. He abdicated in 1893 after a Russian-backed coup. Answer: Alexander Joseph von Battenberg [accept: Alexander I] [10] Bulgaria’s experiment with monarchy ended poorly when in 1940 this Bulgarian Tsar allied the country with the Axis Powers. Answer: Boris III

10. Answer the following about a certain socio-ethnic group FTPE. [10] After World War Two, members of this group targeted by the Soviet Union, which wanted to stamp out their traditional lifestyle, defected to the British at Lienz, Austria, but were returned to the Soviet Union, where most of them were executed. Answer: Cossacks [10] A happier moment in Cossack history was when this man led a great Cossack revolt in the 1670’s. He built a navy on the Caspian Sea but was eventually caught and executed by the government of Tsar Alexis I Answer: Stenka Razin [10] While Cossacks were once split between Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, this 1659 treaty, where the Cossacks officially accepted the protection of the Russian Tsar, made all Cossacks Russia’s problem. Answer: Treaty of Pereyaslav

11. Identify the following capital cities from the Ancient Middle East FTPE. [10] This city was originally named Opis and was a suburb of Seleucia, but Arsaces I gave it a new name and made it the capital of the Parthian Empire. Answer: Ctesiphon [10] According to Ancient Greek sources, this city was the capital of the Medes, but modern archaeology has yet to confirm this. Answer: Ecbatana [10] This Cappadoccian city was the capital of the Lydian Empire and may have been the site of world’s first mint. Answer: Sardis

12. A special target for Theodore Roosevelt’s “trustbusting” initiatives wre railroads. Answer the following questions about attempts to limit the powers of railways during his administration FTPE. [10] Roosevelt personally directed the Justice Department to file suit against this company, a monopolistic combination led by E. H. Harriman and James Hill and financed by J.P. Morgan. Answer: Northern Securities [10] In 1903 Congress passed this measure sponsored by a senator from West Virginia which forbade the granting of rebates and deviations of posted prices by railways. Answer: Elkins Act [10] Three years later this bill, sponsored by its namesake Iowa Senator, allowed the Federal Government to set maximum rates for rail transport. Answer: Hepburn Act

13. He got kicked out of France for joining a Monarchist plot against the revolutionary government, so went back to start a liberal revolution in his home country. FTPE, [10] Name this Venezuelan nicknamed “El Precursor” for starting a failed revolt several years before Bolivar. Answer: Francisco de Miranda [10] Miranda envisioned all of South America becoming a single state under the rule of a hereditary emperor; this was rejected by Simon Bolivar, who proposed creating a republic in this letter written while Bolivar was exiled in the namesake British colony. Answer: Letter from Jamaica [10] Miranda was helped by two filibusteros from New York, who were put on trial in the US in 1806 for violating the Neutrality Act, but acquitted when President Jefferson ordered federal officials not to testify. For a final ten points, name either. Answer: William Smith OR Samuel Ogden

14. Identify these non-Chinese peoples that ruled parts of northern China in the 11th and 12th centuries. [10] After invading northern China and forcing the Song Dynasty to flee to the south, these people from Manchuria set up the Jin dynasty in 1115. Answer: Jurchen [10] These people founded the Liao Dynasty in 947 and ruled parts of northern China, including the site of Beijing. Destroyed by the Jurchens, their name survived as the English term “Cathay.” Answer: Khitan [10] Ruling what is now Gansu, Ningxia and the northwestern parts of Shaanxi, this people called their dynasty the western version of the legendary first Chinese dynasty. Destroyed by the Mongols, Genghis Khan was said to have sustain fatal injuries fighting against them. Answer: Tangut or Xi Xia

15. Answer the following about the last man to rule a unified Roman Empire FTPE. [10] That statement is true of this Emperor from 378 to 395, who also made Nicean Christianity rather than Arianism the official religion of the Empire. Answer: Theodosius I [accept: Theodosius the Great] [10] Theodosius re-unified the Empire by defeating Eugenius and Arbogast, who had seized control of the west, at this 394 battle in modern-day Slovenia. It’s named for a nearby cold body of water. Answer: Battle of the Frigid River [accept: Battle of the Frigidus River] [10] Theodosius was a patron of this Bishop of Milan, a doctor of the Church who is more famous for baptizing St. Augustine. Answer: Saint Ambrose

16. Identify the following battles from Islamic history FTPE. [10] At this 636 battle in the Levant, the Muslim Caliphate defeated Byzantine Emperor Heraclius, beginning the conquest of the Middle East. Answer: Battle of Yarmouk [10] At this 750 battle, the Abbasid Caliphate defeated the Umayyad Caliphate, allowing them to take control of the Muslim world. Answer: Battle of the Zab River [10] At this 627 battle, Mohammad and his supporters survived a siege of Medina led by powerful non- Muslim families from Mecca. Answer: Battle of the Trench [accept: Battle of the Ditch; Battle of That Which is Dug; ghazwat al- khunduq ]