New Imperialism (Part 2)

Colonial Regimes  ______Rule – local rulers were allowed to ______and status in a new colonial setting • Dutch East India Company  Direct Rule – Local elite were ______with ______officials • Great Britain’s rule of Burma

Colonial Economics  Colonial policy stressed the importance of exporting ______from the colonies  Peasants worked as ______on ______-owned plantations • Poor conditions lead to thousands dying • Peasants bore most of the ______ ______governments built ______, highways, etc

Empire Building in Africa  West Africa • Exports included ______, timber, ______, palm oil, and ______• By the 1800s, almost all ______had been ______• 1874 à Great Britain ______(incorporated a country within the state) the west coast area of the ______• Britain established ______in Nigeria • ______controlled much of the west coast • Germany controlled ______, German Southwest Africa, and German ______ North Africa • Egypt was originally part of the ______• ______sought ______after Ottoman rule declined • In 1805, ______, an Ottoman officer, established a separate Egyptian state • Ali established a series of reforms à ______army, set up ______, created small ______(refining sugar, producing ______and munitions, and building ships) • 1854 à Ferdinand de Lesseps signed contract to build the ______• Britain believed that the canal was its ______, and tried to establish as much control over it as possible • 1875 à ______bought Egypt’s share of the canal • 1914 à Egypt became a ______of Britain • Britain also wanted control of the ______ 1881 à Muhammad ______launched ______and gained much control  Britain was ______to seize Sudan until 1898 • ______established colonies in ______in 1879  France established protectorate in ______• ______attempted to gain control of ______ 1896 à Italy forces were defeated  1911à Italy tries again and seized ______and renamed it ______ Central Africa • David ______à British explorer who trekked through ______Africa  Made ______of his discoveries  ______of Africa were based off his notes • ______à American ______who was hired to find ______after he disappeared  Found Livingstone on ______shore  Greeted him with famous words “______, ______?”  Stanley continued to ______Africa after Livingstone’s death à did not like Africa  Encouraged ______of ______to colonize the Congo River Basin  East Africa • By 1885, ______and ______were chief rivals in colonizing East Africa • ______à “All this colonial business is a sham, but we need it for the ______” • ______, Britain, ______, and Belgium claimed areas of East Africa • ______ 1884-5 à settle conflicting claims  ______and Britain retained colonies  ______received claim on ______ South Africa • 1865 à ______population grew to 200,000 people • ______, or ______, were the descendents of ______settlers in Cape Town, South Africa • Britain seized claims in ______• Boers were not happy with Britain rule  1830s à headed northward on the ______ Settled between the ______and the ______Rivers  Established the ______and the ______(later known as the South African Republic) • Boers believed that ______was ordained by God • Denied ______-______a place in “decent” society à could only be ______or ______• ______(native) people were put on reservations • Boers frequently battled with the local ______people  Zulu leader, ______, created a strong, powerful empire  Zulu people were defeated by the ______in the late 1800s • Cecil Rhodes  Rhodes founded ______and ______companies in South Africa  “I think what [God] would like me to do is to paint as much of ______British ______as possible”  Secretly backed a ______against the Boers that failed • The Boer War  1899-1902 à fierce fighting between the ______and the ______ Boers fought with ______resistance  British responded by ______causing 20,000 deaths  British defeated Boers with ______force; signed ______in 1902  1910 à Britain created independent ______of ______ To appease the Boers, Britain agreed that ______would be allowed to ______