Texas History Fort Burrows 15.3 - Beginnings of Industry In Texas Before the Civil War, most people in Texas During that time, the lumber industry grew were farmers. There was little industry - the more important. The pine forests of East Texas process of turning raw materials into goods for supplied the wood that sawmills needed. sale. Most of the early industry was involved in There, in the Piney Woods of East Texas stood processing food. Gristmills ground wheat and many tall trees, waiting to become a home. The corn into flour. There were also sawmills that cut lumber industry boomed. In 1893, John Henry lumber into boards. Animals or water powered Kirby, born in Woodville, started a Lumber both kinds of mills in the early years. Company in Silsbee, TX. ( Named after a lawyer During the Civil War, Texas could not bring in /investor Nathaniel Silsbee ). It soon became one manufactured goods. Union ships blockaded of the largest companies in Texas. A railroad was ports. As a result, Texans started making goods in built from Cleveland, OH to the new mill town in their own state. Industry grew quickly after the East Texas. war as well. One reason was that the population The state had many new industries as well. In was growing so quickly. Another was the spread the late 1800s, people found many uses for of railroads. cottonseeds. They used them to fertilize crops and Gristmills remained important. In 1870, to make oil for cooking and lighting their homes. making flour was the largest industry in Texas. Making cottonseed oil became the second largest By 1900, it had fallen to third largest. industry in Texas by 1900.
Major Industries Lumber ( sawmills ) Cottonseed Oil Grinding Grain into Flour ( gristmills ) Smaller Industries Meatpacking Brewing Beer Coal Mining Salt Mining Making Iron Making Textiles Making Saddles, Shoes, & Wagons
industry – the processing of raw materials into goods for sale gristmills – a milling process that takes grain and grinds it into flour *** Texas’ 1 st industry sawmill – a machine/business that cuts timber (trees) into lumber polymath – a person of wide ranging knowledge cognitive – relating to the mental process of knowing memory or reasoning morph – to change shape or form gantry – a framework that supports equipment noxious – injurious, poisonous, very unpleasant
1 of 15.3 Printer Notes MAR 2017 Texas History Fort Burrows Early Industry in Texas (1850s)
€ Gristmills More farmers began growing wheat, gristmills were formed
© Gristmills accounted for one third of the state’s manufacturing in 1870 © Gristmills take grain and grind it into flour © most of these mills were located near rivers to have water wheels as a power source © mills used the railroads to export products cheaply © the largest industry in 1880 was the production of flour and other gristmill products © this industry was still the third largest in Texas by 1900
€ Milling Wood Because of the forests in East Texas, sawmills and the Lumber Industry, were formed © Sawmills cut timber into boards © the growth of Texas railroads made it possible to ship lumber to distant markets © 1829, John Richardson Harris – 1st steam powered sawmill © 1860, There were 200 sawmills in Texas © 1893, The largest - John Henry Kirby Lumber Company
2 of 15.3 Printer Notes MAR 2017 Texas History Fort Burrows © he owned about 300,000 acres of East Texas forest © paid about $2 a day for an 11-to-12 hour shift © the Kirby Lumber Company became one of the largest companies in Texas © African Americans made up about one third of the sawmills’ workforce © the Alabama-Coushatta Indians improve their lives, after 1880s © many companies paid workers with paper money that could only be used at company stores
Industry – the processing of raw materials into goods for sale….. ↓↓ Mining was one of the first Industries to develop in Texas ↓↓ ↓↓ Gristmills turned grain Sawmills turned cut down into flour trees into lumber
Growth of Industry After the Civil War
© Increase in populations spurred the growth of industry © Railroads enabled the mills to export ( to other states ) their products cheaply
Growth of New Industries
€ Textiles © cotton mills began making fabrics by 1870 © Texas offered land grants to individuals who built cotton and woolen mills in the late 1800s
€ Cottonseed Oil © Used for fertilizing crops © Cooking - margarine and vegetable oil © Lantern oil for lighting lamps © #2 industry in Texas by 1900
€ Coal and Iron © industries developed in the late 1800s used mostly by the railroads © Texas offered land grants to individuals who built cotton and woolen mills in the late 1800s © Texas coal was poor quality, but railroads used it to fuel their engines © Texas had few high-quality iron deposits, therefore, iron industry did not thrive in Texas
€ Other Industries © 1889, the Grand Saline Plant - Salt mines - in Van Zandt county © 1860, 1st Meatpacking plants in Victoria © After Civil War, Fort Worth becomes # 1 Meatpacking and Processing Town due to Central location and the Chisholm Trail © 1855, William Menger opened the 1st Beer-Brewery The Western Brewery in San Antonio Texas version of beer, wine, & liquor
3 of 15.3 Printer Notes MAR 2017 Texas History Fort Burrows 1. What do gristmills do ? A. they cut beef to prepare it for packaging B. they cut lumber into boards C. they convert wind into energy D. they grind grain into flour
2. Which industry did NOT develop in Texas in the late 1800s ? A. Salt production B. Computer production C. Meatpacking D. Fabric production
3. What were the first industries to develop in Texas ? a. ______b. ______
4. Why did the timber industry come to East Texas ? ______.
5. What new industries grew rapidly after the Civil War ? ______.
4 of 15.3 Printer Notes MAR 2017