KINE 4362 EXAM 1 Student:______

1. Which of the following is true of the heart rate? Parasympathetic stimulation reduces 4. Stroke volume continues to increase o during exercise up to approximately the rate of SA node action potentials. o 20% of VO2 max. o Training enhances sympathetic innervation to the SA node at rest. o 30% of VO2 max. o Sympathetic stimulation increases o 40% of VO2 max. the time between atrial and 60% of VO2 max. ventricular systole. o o Parasympathetic fibers reach the 5. The ventilatory central chemoreceptors heart by means of the cardiac respond to changes in the accelerator nerves and release pH of mixed venous blood. norepinephrine to increase heart rate. o o pH of cerebral spinal fluid. 2. an increase in parasympathetic outflow to the heart results in o PO2, pH, and PCO2 of cerebral spinal fluid. o an increase in HR. o PCO2 and H+ of mixed venous a decrease in HR. o blood. o a slight increase in arterial blood pressure. 6. Activation of rectus abdominis muscles would result in a slight decrease in arterial blood o active inspiration. pressure followed by an increase in o HR. o passive inspiration.

3. Which of the following represents the o active expiration. correct order of events of the flow of o passive expiration. blood after it leaves the left ventricle and before it returns to the right atrium? 7. In the standing position, considerable o Blood flows through the aorta, inequality of blood flow exists within the oxygen moves out of the capillaries, human lung due to blood flows though veins, blood o partial pressure differences across enters the venules. the lung. Blood flows through the venules, o o differences in vascular resistance in blood flows through the veins, the lateral areas of the lung. oxygen moves out of the capillaries, blood enters the aorta. o gravity. o Oxygen moves out of the capillaries, 8. The muscle of the heart is referred to as blood flows through the aorta, blood the flows through the venules, blood enters the veins. o pericardium. o Blood flows through the aorta, o myocardium. oxygen moves out of the capillaries, epicardium. blood flows through venules, blood o enters the veins. o endocardium. KINE 4362 EXAM 1 o less than

9. Resistance to blood flow is o directly proportional to the length of the vessel. 14. The three principal mechanisms for inversely proportional to the viscosity increasing venous return during exercise o are of the blood. an increase in stroke volume, HR, directly related to the diameter of the o o and compliance of the vascular vessel. system. o inversely proportional to the length of o venoconstriction, pumping action of the vessel. muscle, and the pumping action of the respiratory system. 10. A decrease in arterial PO2 below 70 mm Hg would likely result in o an increase in vascular resistance, a decrease in alveolar ventilation. an increase in HR, and a decrease in o blood pressure. o an increase in alveolar ventilation. o an increase in stroke volume, a o a short breath hold followed by decrease in HR, and a decrease in irregular breathing patterns. blood pressure.

o no change in alveolar ventilation. 15. The normal pacemaker of the heart is the 11. Which of the following is true concerning atrioventricular node. the respiratory zone of the lungs? o o It includes the trachea. o sinoatrial node. o It warms and humidifies inspired air. o AV node. o It helps to clean (filter) inspired air. o SV node.

o It is where gas exchange occurs. 16. Electrical impulses are conducted between heart muscle cells by 12. The difference between systolic and intercalated discs. diastolic blood pressure is called o o the pulse pressure. o intermediate junctions. o mean arterial blood pressure. o minute synapses of the sympathetic nervous system. o the brachial pressure. o Purkinje fibers. o the double product. 17. Autoregulation of local blood flow is due 13. Myoglobin's affinity for oxygen is to ______hemoglobin's affinity for the withdrawal of sympathetic oxygen. o impulses to arterioles. o equal to o an increase in parasympathetic o greater than outflow to arterioles. KINE 4362 EXAM 1 local factors such as a decrease in 22. All gas exchange between the vascular o system and tissues occurs in PO2, an increase in PCO2, and potassium concentrations. o venules. o an increase in sympathetic impulses o capillaries. to arterioles. o arterioles. o veins.

18. The most important variable that determines resistance to blood flow is o the viscosity of blood. o the length of the blood vessel. 23. In order to meet the increased oxygen the diameter of the vessel. demands of muscle during exercise, two o major adjustments in blood flow must be o blood pressure. made: o an increase in HR and blood 19. Carbon dioxide is transported in the pressure blood principally as an increase in brain blood flow and carbamino-hemoglobin. o o blood flow to the skin o dissolved CO2 in solution in the o an increase in cardiac output and a blood. redistribution of blood flow from o bicarbonate. inactive tissues to skeletal muscles o carbon monoxide. o an increase in muscle blood flow and an increase in blood flow to the liver 20. The term ventilation refers to the 24. A decrease in arterial PO2 below 70 mm o cooling of the airways by respiration. Hg would increase pulmonary ventilation o random movement of molecules from by stimulation of an area of high concentration to an o arterial bodies. area of lower concentration. o carotid bodies. o mechanical process of moving air in central chemoreceptors. and out of the lungs. o o oxygenation of blood as it travels o pulmonary bodies. through the lungs. 25. The major portion of O2 that is 21. The volume of gas that reaches the transported in the blood is in respiratory zone (gas-exchange zone) of o solution as a dissolved gas. the lung is termed o the form of oxyhemoglobin. o anatomical dead space. o the form of carboxyhemoglobin. o minute ventilation. o the form of deoxyhemoglobin. o alveolar ventilation. o tidal volume. 26. Which of the following choices presents the correct order of lung KINE 4362 EXAM 1 volumes/capacities from largest to 30. The contraction phase of the heart is smallest? called o tidal volume, total lung capacity, vital o diastole. capacity o atrial contraction. total lung capacity, vital capacity, tidal o systole. volume o o vital capacity, tidal volume, total lung o the cardiac cycle. capacity 31. In a healthy heart, the time spent in o vital capacity, residual volume, tidal systole is generally volume o longer than diastole. o equal to diastole. o shorter than diastole. o three times longer than diastole.

27. The fact that an increase in end-diastolic ventricular volume increases the stroke volume of the heart is an illustration of the 32. The ______represents ventricular o influence of the parasympathetic repolarization during a recording of the nervous system on cardiac output. electrical activity (i.e., ECG) of the heart. o Frank-Starling law of the heart. o P wave o influence of atrioventricular node on o QRS complex cardiac output. o T wave influence of blood pressure on o o R wave cardiac output. 33. Which of the following is correct? 28. The primary purpose of the pulmonary system is to o The PO2 at sea level is 159 mmHg. o regulate acid-base balance. o The percentage of CO2 in the o provide an interface for gas environment is 3.0. exchange. o The percentage of O2 in the air at o regulate cardiac output. sea level is different from that at altitude. o control the bicarbonate level in the blood. 34. The carotid bodies are chemoreceptors that are sensitive to changes in arterial 29. The decrease in maximal heart rate with o H+ and K+ concentrations. age can be estimated via pH, PCO2, and PO2. o HR max = 220 - age. o pH and K+ concentrations. o HR max = 200 - age. o PCO2 and pH only. o HR max = 210 - age. o o HR max - 205 - age. KINE 4362 EXAM 1 35. Which of the following is the correct arteries; vena cavae; capillaries order of events pertaining to contraction o of the left ventricle? 38. Mitochondrial PO2 is ______o The bundle branches depolarize, the capillary PO2. ventricle contracts, the ventricular greater than pressure increases, the aortic volume o increases. o less than o The aortic volume increases, the o equal to ventricular pressure increases, the ventricle contracts, the bundle 39. The relationship between cardiac output branches depolarize. and metabolic rate is o The ventricular pressure increases, o linear. the bundle branches depolarize, the aortic volume increases, the ventricle o curvilinear. contracts. o exponential. The bundle branches depolarize, the o o There is no relationship between ventricular pressure increases, the cardiac output and metabolic rate. ventricle contracts, the aortic volume increases. 40. Backflow of blood from the arteries into the ventricles is prevented by the o semilunar valves. o bicuspid valve. o atrioventricular valves. 36. The primary role of the cardiovascular system is to o coronary valves. o convey heat away form deep body tissues. o deliver adequate amounts of oxygen 41. Myoglobin is a red pigment found in and remove wastes from body skeletal muscle that serves to tissues. o transport CO2 from the cell o serve as a buffer fluid for metabolic membrane to the mitochondria. wastes during exercise. o transport O2 from the cell membrane o circulate oxygenated blood to the to the mitochondria. lungs. o buffer changes in hydrogen ion concentration in the cell. 37. The greatest resistance to blood flow is in the ______, o transport O2 from the mitochondria to whereas the lowest blood pressures are the cell membrane. found in the ______, and the ______contain the most 42. The respiratory control center is located blood. within o arteries; aorta; capillaries o the medulla oblongata. o arterioles; vena cavae; veins o the cerebrum. o venules; aorta; capillaries o carotid bodies. o arterioles; aorta; veins o the cerebellum. KINE 4362 EXAM 1 43. During exercise, the time spent in diastole and systole o remains unchanged. o is decreased equally. o is decreased with the greatest decrease occurring in diastole. o is increased.

44. The increase in cardiac output that occurs during exercise is due to o both an increase in mean arterial pressure and a decrease in vascular resistance. o a decrease in vascular resistance only. o an increase in mean arterial blood pressure only. o an increase in heart rate and a decrease in mean arterial blood pressure.

45. The most important muscle of inspiration is the o diaphragm. o rectus abdominis. o internal oblique. o external intercostals.