Midlands State University Department of History and Development Studies

MIDLANDS STATE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

HDS 212: SOUTHERN AFRICA SINCE THE MINERALS REVOLUTION

COURSE OUTLINE

Definition

The module covers the period since the Minerals Revolution in Southern Africa. This includes the impact of the discovery of diamonds and gold in South Africa, the establishment of South African industry, Afrikaner (Boer) – British rivalry, rise and fall of Apartheid and South Africa’s relations with the BLS (Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland) and other neighbouring countries; and the struggle for self-determination. The module also discusses social, political and economic development in the Southern African sub-region including such countries as Namibia, Mozambique, Angola, Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

South Africa

The discovery of diamonds and gold and the impact on society. Regional response – labour migration Boer-British rivalry to Union Government The rise and fall of the South African peasantry up to the 1913 Land Act. The rise of the South African working class. The Rand Revolt Political developments up to 1948. (the Pact Government, early forms of African resistance, rise of Afrikaner nationalism, etc) Apartheid South Africa. Impact of economic sanctions The independence struggle after 1948. The role of the A.N.C and P.A.C F.W De Klerk and the independence of South Africa.

Colonial rule in Southern Africa

Portuguese, British and German imperialism in Southern Africa. The era of Chartered Companies Colonial governments’ labor policies in the region Namibia as mandated territory and as colony of South Africa Struggle for independence.

Hostage Nations: Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland

Relations with Apartheid and independent South Africa. Burden of dependence. The Post Colonial Period

Main challenges, social , political, economic. The socialist experiment in the region. Civil wars; their causes – the western connection and impact

Regional Cooperation: SADC

Formation of SADC Its aims and objectives Responsibilities of regional group members Achievements and challenges READING LIST

Bley, H, South West Africa Under German Rule, 1894-1914, London, Heineman, 1971

Bonner, P, Delius, P, Posel, D, Apartheid’s Genesis, 1935-1962, Johannesburg, Ravan and Witwatersrand University Press,1993.

Bundy, C, The Rise and Fall Of the South African Peasantry, London, Heineman, 1979.

Chilcote, R.H, “Mozambique: The African Nationalist Response to Portuguese Imperialism and Underdevelopment” in Potholm and R. Dale (eds) History: Southern Africa.

Clark, N.L, Worger, W.H South Africa: The Rise and Fall of Apartheid, Harlow, Pearson Education Ltd, 2004.

De Klerk, F.W, The Last Trek- A New Beginning: The Autobiography, New York, St Martins Press, 1999.

Cambridge History of Africa vol 1-8, Cambridge University Press, 1977-86.

Halpern, J, South Africa’s Hostages, Basutoland, Bechuanaland and Swaziland, Hammondsworth, Penguin, 1965.

Hanlon, J, Beggar Your Neighbours, Apartheid Power in Southern Africa, London, James Currey, 1986.

Henriksen, T.H, Mozambique: A History, London, Rex Collings, 1978.

Kagombe M.D, “African Nationalism and Guerilla Warfare in Angola and Mozambique” in C.P. Potholm R. Dale (eds) History: Southern Africa.

Katjavivi, P, Namibia: A History of Resistance, London, James Currey, 1987.

Keegan, T, Rural Transformations in Industrialising South Africa: The Southern Highveld to 1914, Johannesburg, Ravan Press, 1986.

Kiewiet de C.W, A History of South Africa, Social and Economic, 1941.

Lodge, T, Black Politics in South Africa Since 1945, London, Longman,1993. Marks, S. Rathbone, R, (eds) Industrialisation and Social Change in South Africa; African Class Formation, Culture and Consciousness, 1870-1930, London, Longman,1982.

Mandela, N, Long Walk To Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela, Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1994.

Matsebula, ISM, A History of Swaziland, London, Longman, 1976.

Maylam, P. A History of the African People of South Africa: From the Early Iron Age To the 1970s, New York, St Martins Press, 1986.

Meredith, M, Coming to Terms: South Africa’s Search For Truth, New York, Public Affairs, 1999.

Moodie, T.D, The Rise Afrikanerdom: Power, Apartheid and the Afrikaner Civil Religion, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1975.

Moodie, T.D, Ndatshe, V, Going For Gold: Men, Mines and Migrancy, Johannesburg, Witwatersrand University press, 1994.

Nzula, A.T, Potekhin, I.I. Zusmanovich, A.Z. Forced Labour in Colonial Africa, London,Zed Books, 1979.

Omer-Cooper, J.D, History of Southern Africa, London, Currey, 1987.

O’Meara, D, Forty Lost Years; The Apartheid State and the Politics of the National Party, 1948-1994, Johannesburg, Ravan,1995.

Palmer, R, Parsons, N (eds) The Roots of Rural Poverty in Central and Southern Africa, London, 1977.

Pakenham, T, The Boer War, Widenfeld and Nicholson, 1979.

Posel, D, The Making of Apartheid, 1948-1961: Conflict and Compromise, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1991.

Price, R.M, The Apartheid State In Crisis, Political Transformation in South Africa, 1975-1990, New York, Oxford University Press, 1991.

Ross, R. A Concise History of South Africa, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1999. Simons, H.J Simons,R.E Class and Colour in South Africa 1850-1950, Hammondsworth, Penguin, 1969.

Smith, I , The Origins of the South African War, 1899-1902, London, Longman,1996.

Thompson, L, The Unification of South Africa, 1902-1910, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1960.

Tlou, T, Campbell, A, History of Botswana, Gaberone, Macmillan, 1984.

Van Onselen, C, Studies in the Social and Economic History of the Witwatersrand, 1886- 1914, London, Longman,1982.

Waldmeir, P, Anatomy of a Miracle: The End of Apartheid and the Birth of a New South Africa, New York, W.W. Norton, 1997.

Walshe, P, The Rise of Nationalism in South Africa:The African National Congress, 1912-1952, London, Hurst, 1970.

Webster, E,(ed) Essays In Southern African Labour History, Johannesburg, Ravan, 1978.

Wheeler, D.L, “Portugal in Angola: A Living Colonialism.” C.P. Potholm and R. Dale (eds) History: Southern Africa.

Wilson, F, Labour in the South African Gold Mines, 1911-1969, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1972.