Australia's Place in the World

Australia's place in the world

Australia's regional and global links- summary 09

Communication, Culture, Defence, Migration, Tourism, Trade, Aid, Sport- (CCDMTTAS) 1. Describe Australia's regional &  internet & satellites → global village global communication links? (interconnectedness) 2. Cultural links?  TNCs, communication, migration, popular culture, global financial system → globalisation 3. Defence links? Since WW2 move to US. (eg ANZUS regional security)

* Military exercises - US, UK, NZ, Singapore, Japan * Peacekeeping forces - East Timor, Iraq, Solomons * ASEAN - regional security

4. Migration links? See below 5. Tourism links? * inbound ← 5 mill pa. NZ, Europe, US * outbound → NZ, UK, US also Bali. 6. Trade links? * Exports → Japan, US, Sth Korea, China * Imports ← China,USA, Japan, Germany 7. Foreign aid links? * Australia's development assistance program * bilateral & multilateral agreements * NGOs - World Vision

8. Sport links? * popular sports eg cricket, rugby from England * Sydney Olympics 2000; Rugby World Cup 2003 etc * TNCs branding- stars and products ONE regional and global - link Migrants. 1. Desrcribe the nature of the link Migration = emigration & immigration with migrants? Composition * 1901-1970s - White Australia Policy -Anglo-Celtics main immigrants * Post WW2 → shortages of labour → Greeks, Italians, Yugoslavs * Today's policies not racially based; 1990s mostly from NZ, UK but great diversity of small, emerging ethnic communities Types - skilled, family, humanitarian, trans Tasman

2. Outline the roles of *Federal Govt → develops policy (criteria, standards) government re the link? + provision of services for new settlers (programs eg English + translation services) State Govt  Migrant English services Local Govt  multicultural services -Multicultural Reference Group 3. Describe are the roles of NGOs * defend human rights (asylum seekers & refugees) re the link? (eg Amnesty + support for new migrants International) * lobby Federal Govt & monitor human rights abuses (torture, unfair detention eg David Hicks) 4. Outline treaties or agreements Refugee Convention → obligation to protect rights of refugees & that are relevant to the link? asylum seekers (multilateral) Trans-Tasman agreement - NZ can enter, live & work in Aus w/o visa, (bilateral)

5. Explain the importance of those Aus responsible to accept a reasonable number of refugees. treaties or agreements to the Many migrants from NZ. link? 6. Analyse the advantages of the Cultural - rich mix defines Aust identity; link? Economic - Research suggests benefits -> generates wealth, jobs & incomes, investment, new skills Geopolitical (= study of power relations between countries) - migration is politically sensitive. Links with Asia-Pacific region with abandonment of WAP → ↑ trade, defence, tourism, cultures; ASEAN. 7. Analyse the disadvantages of Cultural - some see rich mix → loss of Aust identity; the link? Economic - immigration drain on economy → take jobs, $ o/s. Geopolitical - Pacific solution → fallout with UN. 8. Identify the implications for protect human resources and ensure international law is followed social justice re the link? eg treatment of asylum seekers & refugees (Govt criticism → Tampa; Pacific solution) 9. Analyse the implications for * dual refugee system shames us → genuine refugees often risked equity re the link? much and end up in Refugee Centres; other may come by air, join the community & later apply for refugee status. Future challenges for Australia: Population 8. 7. Outline some of the 6. Discuss Australia's 5. What percent of Australian 4. Define natural increase and 3. Identify what people born 2. Discuss the two sides to 1. Describe theof how mix Future Australia challenges for 9. Describe some ways we can Analyse the ecological population? not support a large reasons population have government polices that population live in urbanised areas? net migration? generation? of this on today's called and analyse the in the debate? Australia's population centuries? the change over Australia migratingpeople to urbanisation planning?urbanisation movement and manage population influenced Australia's postwar years are that Australia can debate? growth? result - - really two debates - 62% of Australians live in the capitalimmigration cities - emigration =no. birthsnet - no.migration deaths = natural increase ( - baby boomers - Originally Aboriginal people migrated to Australia from Asia Australia migrated from to people - OriginallyAboriginal - in 1990s people started moving back into the inner city, - because of this we now have an aging population - The British came in the 1700s in came the British - The - leaving town - leaving councils bylocal –Not just - Townplanning - Managing growth – waste, pollution,decentralisation cars, - changing patterns of growth – satellite cities/ regional centres, - already destroyed many coastal - - waste disposal problems - land degradation - water resources are scarce -1972: White Australia Policy dismantled - - 1901: White Australia policy - both groups with high level of disposable income Australian government: - meeting all the needs of an agingexpectancy population will - inevitable outcome of declining birth rate and - Post WW2: massive immigration program was gold- 1850s:rush Chinese forthe came from significantly arriving the- 1820s: no.ofpeople UK immigrants (150 000 +) - - Many Vietnamese after the Vietnam War afterVietnam the - ManyVietnamese Australian help with ofthe migrants the Many WW2: - Post - a possible solution is to encourage delayed and build a strong economy - " ecological sustainability 2/3 of Australia is arid or - Others believe Australia Australia welcomes more than 150 000 dry interior, inconsistent rainfall and poor soils Today both political parties agree on the annual populate or perish mainly empty nesters, and DINKs (Double Income No Kids) : :

Population Population 1. one on the level of immigration 2. the other on total population levels. government → years 1945-1961 " a large population kelps us and semiarid., AND negative impacts on can not support loss of biodiversity environments. new people coming - people going) a large → Multiculturalism settlers a year retirement public transportpublic ,recycling increasing life commenced prove difficult for the population because to defend ourselves intake of increased Future challenges for Australia: human rights? 2. Demonstrate examples of 1. Define human rights? challenges reconciliation forrightsand Australia:Human Future in countries around the world? 10. What is reconciliation like order for reconciliation? needed to be addressed in recognise as 8 issues that original Reconciliation 9. What did the Council for affects Australian society? 8. Analyse how reconciliation 6. What is a "bill of rights" rights concerns?H5. Identify some other humanu mafulfilled? nnot having their human rights 4. Identifyr other groups that are ightbeings discriminated. 3. Explaina how Aboriginals are nd reconciliation forward for a bill of rights? 7. What argument is put - recognising the importance of land and sea the indigenous community average male wage - to be able to vote in free elections- freedom of speech lives with dignity cannot do. regardless of who they are, where they come from or what they can and - a common feature of reconciliation is the link between land rights - access to high quality health- carelegal protection against discrimination remains one of the most important- reconciliation issues facing betweenAustralia indigenous in the future and non-indigenous Australians - Some Australians are worried about the treatment of our refugees country's citizens -experienced the most serious human rights- etc.violations etc etc of any of the indigenous citizens is an issue- toin bemost faced countries reconciliation- establishing between aindigenous document ofand reconciliationnon- - life expectancy is 20 years shorter - sharing histories - high level of unemployment in some areas - ensuring self-determination -valuing cultures - improving relationships - dealing with custody issues (imprisonment) documents actually hinder human - rightsOthers ratherargue thatthan Australiapromote them does, not need a bill of rights and that such nation is entitled - A bill of rights is a document outlining- evidence the rights of corruption to which a incitizen some police of a forces living on the streets - homeless youth: there are an estimatedservices, 25000-100000 eg housing young people access to land, clean water and- otherexperience government inferior provided levels essential of health care, education, employment, and outcomes - addressing disadvantages such as health, education, and employment courts through a series of parliament -acts Australia and (common does not have a bill of rights instead rights are protected - Some fear our laws are not sufficient to protect our fundamental rights - gender based discrimination: average female wage still only 80% of - human rights are the basic freedoms that we need in order to live our - human rights are the basic rights to which all humans are entitled, law)