Chapter 1: an Introduction to Life on Earth

General Biology: BI101 Spring, 2007 ANSWER KEY STUDY QUESTIONS: Ch 19

1. c. DNA or RNA and a protein coat

2. By what process, is mRNA made from DNA? b. transcription

3. True Viruses must reproduce in a host cell because they lack organelles needed to duplicate viral components.

4. Translation of mRNA occurs in the: b. cytoplasm.

1. HIV encounters its host cells: c. by traveling through the blood after entering the body via contact with blood or body fluids.

3. The host cell in which the HIV virus reproduces is a: c. helper T cell.

4. Reverse transcription is the process by which: a. DNA is made from RNA.

4. Viruses make new viral copies (reproduce): c. in a host cell.

5. After a retrovirus enters its host cell: a. reverse transcription creates a strand of DNA complementary to the viral RNA.

6. After reverse transcription creates viral DNA from the viral RNA, the viral DNA: c. enters the host cell’s nucleus and is integrated into the host’s chromosome.

1. The herpes virus encounters its host cells by: a. direct contact with another person.

2. The host cell in which the herpes virus reproduces is a: d. skin cell.

3. After entering a skin cell, _____ in the nucleus of the skin cell. c. viral DNA is copied

4. After viral DNA and viral and envelope proteins are assembled into new viruses, they exit the host cell via: b. exocytosis.

1. The genetic material is chemically known as: a. DNA.

2. (True) A segment of DNA that codes for a complete protein is a gene.

3. The DNA of an organism is usually arranged into discrete, contiguous lengths known as:

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b. chromosomes. 5. Prokaryotes have: e. a, b and c are all true

1. During bacterial conjugation, the transferred item is a: c. plasmid.

2. At the end of conjugation: a. one cell has lost a plasmid, while the other has gained one.

7. At the end of conjugation the recipient bacterium ends up with some new genes, which may endow it with new capabilities, such as: a. the ability to resist antibiotics

8. Sexual reproduction performed by eukaryotes is similar to bacterial conjugation because: b. genetic variability increases..

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