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OIE Collaborating Centre Reports

Activities in 2013

Title of Collaborating Centre: Diagnosis and Control of Animal Diseases and Related Veterinary Product Assessment in Asia

Address of Collaborating Centre: (1): National Institute of Animal Health 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, JAPAN (2): National Veterinary Assay Laboratory 1-15-1 Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, JAPAN

Tel.: (1): National Institute of Animal Health +81-42-321-1441 (2): National Veterinary Assay Laboratory +81-42-321-1862

Fax: (1): National Institute of Animal Health +81-42-325-5122 (2): National Veterinary Assay Laboratory +81-42-321-1769

e-mail address: (1): National Institute of Animal Health [email protected] (2): National Veterinary Assay Laboratory iwamoto @nval.maff.go.jp

website: (1): National Institute of Animal Health http://niah.naro.affrc.go.jp/index.html (2): National Veterinary Assay Laboratory http://www.maff.go.jp/nval/english/

Name of Director of Institute (1): National Institute of Animal Health (Responsible Official): Dr Tomoyuki Tsuda, Director General (2): National Veterinary Assay Laboratory Dr Taketsugu Ito, Director General

Name (including Title and Dr Kenichi Sakamoto Position) of Head of the Director Exotic Disease Research Division Collaborating Centre (formally National Institute of Animal Health OIE Contact Point):

Name (including Title and (1): National Institute of Animal Health Position) of writer of this report Dr Kazuhiro Yoshihara (if different from above) Head of Planning and Promotion Section (2): National Veterinary Assay Laboratory Dr Shoko Iwamoto Technical and Guidance Section Leader

Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2013 1 Diagnosis and Control of Animal Diseases and Related Veterinary Product Assessment in Asia

Summary of activities specifically related to the mandate of OIE Collaborating Centres

ToR: To provide services to the OIE, in particular within the region, in the designated specialty, in support of the implementation of OIE policies and, where required, seek for collaboration with OIE Reference Laboratories ToR: To identify and maintain existing expertise, in particular within its region

1. Activities as a centre of research, expertise, standardisation and dissemination of techniques within the remit of the mandate given by the OIE

Disease control Epidemiology, surveillance, risk assessment, modelling Training, capacity building Zoonoses Wildlife Avian diseases Aquatic animal diseases Animal welfare Diagnosis, biotechnology and laboratory Veterinary medicinal products Vaccines Food safety Feed safety Other (Name the category: )

Disease control

Title of activity Scope

Presentation in Dr H. Tsunemitsu, Dr T. Kokuho and Dr M. Takagi were invited as speakers Symposium of Diagnostic and made presentations entitled Laboratory and research support on the Technique and Epidemic eradication of classical swine fever in Japan (Dr Takagi) and Molecular Control Strategies on epidemiology and diagnosis of porcine reproductive and respiratory Swine Viral Disease at syndrome in Japan (Dr Takagi), Molecular epidemiology of porcine viral Animal Health Research diarrhea: porcine epidemic diarrhea in Asia and the U.S. (Dr Tsunemitsu), Institute in Taiwan, R.O.C. Epidemic situation, and control policy of swine viral diseases in Japan (Dr Kokuho). Attendance at the 8th Dr K. Sakamoto attended the 8th SEACFMD Laboratory Network Meeting as SEACFMD Laboratory a FMD expert. Network Meeting on Nov 12th and 13th in Thailand Dispatch to Myanmar as Dr T. Kanno joined the investigating group of the Ministry of Agriculture, an expert of FMD to Forestry and Fisheries in Japan to exchange opinions about the technical exchange opinions about cooperation for FMD control in Myanmar. the technical cooperation for FMD control Discussion with National Dr T. Kawashima and Dr T. Takagi visited NIAH in Thailand to discuss a Institute of Animal Health study on PRRS and CSF.

2 Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2013 Diagnosis and Control of Animal Diseases and Related Veterinary Product Assessment in Asia

in Thailand about PRRS and CSF Presentation in First Dr D. Takamatsu was invited as a speaker and made a presentation entitled International Workshop on Diversity and Universality of Streptococcus suis cps Gene Clusters. Streptococcus suis, Canada-China Collaboration, in China.

Epidemiology, surveillance, risk assessment, modelling

Presentation at Dr T. Tsutsui was invited as a speaker and made presentations entitled International Symposium Epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease in Japan at the symposium and of Korean Society of the workshop in Korea. Veterinary Science and at Internal workshop of Veterinary Epidemiology The review at the middle Dr T. Yamamoto reviewed the field of epidemiology of the JICA project in of the term of JICA Project Indonesia. on Capacity Development of the Animal Health Laboratory in Indonesia Investigation into the titer Dr K. Sakamoto, Dr K. Fukai and Dr K. Morioka carried out a field of antibody to FMD virus surveillance for the titer of antibody to FMD virus from cattle inoculated in Laos FMD vaccine in Laos.

Training, capacity building

Dispatch as an expert of Dr K. Sakamoto joined the investigating group to conduct preliminary FMD to Myanmar to survey for JICA's new project aiming at vaccine production in Myanmar as conduct Identification an expert of FMD. Survey for The Project for Improvement of FMD Control in Myanmar

JICA Project on Capacity Dr T. Shibahara was sent to Balai Veteriner Subang in Indonesia as a JICA Development of Animal expert of pathology for two months to contribute toward JICA Project on Health Laboratory in Capacity Development of Animal Health Laboratory in Indonesia Indonesia

Zoonoses

Monitoring of More than 500 Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from environmental antimicrobial resistant water samples collected in India and Sri Lanka in 2013 and investigated bacteria from their antimicrobial susceptibilities to chech the environmental environmental origin contamination by resistant bacteria. (Dr M. Akiba and Dr Guruge Keerthi Siri)

Veterinary medicinal products, vaccines

Quality Control activities A total of 5 veterinary medicinal products were tested on request from

for veterinary medicinal manufacturing authorization holder and 391 biologics were received the products and vaccines national assay in 2013. Approval Activities for A total of 38 antibiotics (including 4 in vitro diagnostics for antibiotics), 31 veterinary medicinal biologics (including 4 in vitro diagnostics for biologics) and 40 other VMPs products and vaccines (including 1 in vitro diagnostic) were approved in 2013.

Other: Organisation of Scientific Meeting

Holding the Second Joint Based of the MOU on strengthening research cooperation in the fields of Meeting of NIAH Japan mutual interest on veterinary science with National Institute of Animal and NIAH Thailand Health in Thailand, the scientific meeting was held in NIAH, Tsukuba, Japan to exchange information and talk about possibility of research cooperation. The third meeting will be held in Thailand in 2014.

Other: OIE Meeting

Attendance at Terrestrial Dr T. Tustsui who is a member of the code commission was invited the Code Animal Health Standards Commission by OIE. Commission (the Code Commission) on Sep 17-26 in France Attendance at Technical Dr Tsutsui was invited to Technical meeting of OIE experts on meeting of OIE experts on Schumallengerg virus. Schumallengerg virus on May 7-8 in France. Attendance at FMD Dr K. Sakamoto was invited to FMD Scientific Meeting for East Asia under Scientific Meeting for East OIE/JTF Project for FMD Control in Asia as a chairman. Asia under OIE/JTF Project Dr M. Yamada and Dr K. Fukai were invited for speakers to the meeting by for FMD Control in Asia on OIE. Titles: Characters of FMD DIVA tests and Verification of Efficacy of Oct 8th in Mongolia Expired FMD O Type Vaccines (Dr Yamada), Experimental infections in animals using a foot-and-mouth disease virus isolated from the 2010 epidemic in Japan (Dr Fukai) Attendance at 2nd Dr K. Sakamoto was invited to 2nd National Contact Person Workshop and National Contact Person 2nd Coordination Committee Meetin under OIE/JTF Project on FMD Control Workshop and 2nd in Asia by OIE. Coordination Committee Meetin under OIE/JTF Project on FMD Control in Asia on Oct 6th and 7th in Mongolia Attendance at the Meeting Dr T. Tsutsui who is a member of the code commission attended the of the OIE Terrestrial Meeting of the OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Standards Commission as a Animal Health Standards member of the code commission. Commission as a member of the code commission on Feb 19-28 in Paris Attendance at the South- Dr K. Sakamoto was invited the OIE Meeting, South-East Asian countries East Asian countries and and China discuss foot and mouth disease control by OIE. China discuss foot and mouth disease control on Mar. 19 in Singapore

Attendance at 28th Dr T. Tsutsui was invited 28th Conference of the OIE Regional Commission Conference of the OIE for Asia and presented at Regional Seminar for OIE Delegates on Activities Regional Commission for of Specialist Commissions entiteld "Principle and Procedures of OIE Asia on Nov. 18-22 in standard Setting" as a member of the code commission. Philippines

ToR: To propose or develop methods and procedures that facilitate harmonisation of international standards and guidelines applicable to the designated specialty

2. Proposal or development of any procedure that will facilitate harmonisation of international regulations applicable to the surveillance and control of animal diseases, food safety or animal welfare

Proposal title Scope/Content Applicable area

Development of -To develop the new VICH GL Surveillance and control of animal diseases the VICH 51(statistical evaluation of stability guidelines (GLs) data) Food safety concerning to Animal welfare studies to evaluate the quality of veterinary drugs. Development of -To develop the new VICH GL 35 Surveillance and control of animal diseases the VICH (electronic standards for transfer of guidelines (GLs) data ) Food safety concerning to pharmacovigilanc Animal welfare e of veterinary drugs. Development of -To develop the new VICH GL 34 Surveillance and control of animal diseases the VICH (test for the detection of guidelines (GLs) Mycoplasma contamination ) Food safety concerning to -To develop the new VICH GL (test veterinary on the presence of extraneous Animal welfare biological quality viruses in veterinary viral monitoring. vaccines ) Development of -To develop the VICH GL50 (for Surveillance and control of animal diseases VICH inactivated vaccines) harmonisation -To develop the new VICH GL (for Food safety criteria to waive live vaccines) target animal Animal welfare batch safety testing for vaccines for veterinary use. Development or -To revise the VICH GL48 (marker Surveillance and control of animal diseases revision of the residue depletion studies to VICH guidelines establish product withdrawal Food safety (GLs) concerning periods) to studies to -To develop the new VICH GL Animal welfare evaluate the (marker residue depletion studies to metabolism and establish product withdrawal residue kinetics periods in aquatic species) of veterinary -To develop the new VICH GL drugs in food- (residue studies in honey) producing animals.

Proposal title Scope/Content Applicable area Development or -To revise the VICH GL 23R Surveillance and control of animal diseases revision of the (genotoxicity testing) VICH guidelines -To develop the new VICH GL (use Food safety (GLs) concerning of the acute reference dose for to studies to veterinary drugs) Animal welfare evaluate the safety of residues of veterinary drugs in human food. Development of -To develop the new VICH GL 52 Surveillance and control of animal diseases the VICH (blood level bioequivalence study ) guidelines (GLs) Food safety concerning to bioequivalance of Animal welfare veterinary drugs. Development of -To develop the new VICH GL 53 Surveillance and control of animal diseases the VICH (file format requirements ) guidelines (GLs) Food safety concerning to electronic Animal welfare exchange of documents.

ToR: To establish and maintain a network with other OIE Collaborating Centres designated for the same specialty, and should the need arise, with Collaborating Centres in other disciplines

ToR: To carry out and/or coordinate scientific and technical studies in collaboration with other centres, laboratories or organisations

3. Did your Collaborating Centre maintain a network with other OIE Collaborating Centres (CC), Reference Laboratories (RL), or organisations designated for the same specialty, to coordinate scientific and technical studies?

Yes No

Name of OIE CC/RL/other Region of Location Purpose organisation(s) networking Centre

Africa General MOU on promoting research Animal and Plant Americas cooperation in the fields of mutual Quarantine Agency Korea Asia and Pacific interest such as surveillance, diagnosis Europe and control of major animal diseases Middle East Africa General MOU on strengthening National Institute of Animal Thailand Americas research cooperation in the fields of Health Asia and Pacific mutual interest on veterinary science Europe Middle East Africa MOU on a collaboration project entitled Department of Livestock Thaiand Americas “Epidemiological Research Development Asia and Pacific Collaboration on Avian Influenza and

Name of OIE CC/RL/other Region of Location Purpose organisation(s) networking Centre

Europe Zoonotic Diseases in Thailand and Middle East Neighbouring Countries” Africa MOU on a collaboration project entitled Mahidol University Thailand Americas “Epidemiological and pathogenicity Asia and Pacific researches on avian influenza, arbovirus infection and porcine Europe respiratory diseases etc” Middle East ANSES, FDA-CVM EU, USA, Africa To prepare for the VICH Outreach Japan Americas Forum that is held every 9 month back Asia and Pacific to back with the VICH Steering Committee (SC). The VICH Outreach Europe Subgroup consists of VICH-SC member Middle East and OIE Collaborating Centres work together to establish a program and to nominate speakers and a chair of the forum meeting. The Training Strategy ad hoc working group also consists of VICH-SC member and OIE Collaborating Centres work to design overall training strategy for VMP authority in member countries. Asian veterinary medicinal China, Africa In order to reduce information gap products regulatory Hong Americas among the members in Asian region, a Kong, authorities Asia and Pacific mail news called "AVAIL*news" is sent Indonesia, on irregular basis (7 issues in 2013) to Korea Europe Asian VMP regulatory authorities ,Philippine Middle East s, Taiwan, (Codex Committee-Asia members and Thailand VICH Outreach Forum members of and Japan interest). *AVAIL: Asian VMP Authority Information Link is an informal communication among Asian Veterinary Medicinal Product- Authorities

4. Did your Collaborating Centre maintain a network with other OIE Collaborating Centres, Reference laboratories, or organisations in other disciplines, to coordinate scientific and technical studies?

Yes No

ToR: To place expert consultants at the disposal of the OIE.

5. Did your Collaborating Centre place expert consultants at the disposal of the OIE?

Yes No

Name of expert Kind of consultancy Subject

NIAH Dr Toshiyuki Tsutsui The OIE Code Committee A member

Name of expert Kind of consultancy Subject

Dr Takashi Yokoyama OIE Reference Laboratory BSE Dr Shunji Yamada OIE Reference Laboratory Classical Swine Fever Dr Makoto Yamakawa OIE Reference Laboratory Equine Infectious Anemia Dr Takehiko Saito OIE Reference Laboratory Swine Influenza Dr Kazuhiro Yoshihara OIE National Focal Point Veterinary Laboratories NVAL Dr Ken Noda Consultation on VMP  Approval status of an antimicrobial regulatory affairs in Japan, for product and a MRL setting in Japan. the regulatory authorities in  Approval status of antimicrobials for Asia-Pacific region. layer chicken and tentative MRL for the products not approved in Japan.  Corresponding regulatory authority for veterinary Products by categories.  Selection methodology for the serum type of FMD vaccine and information on the import-acceptance testing in Japan.  Request for the recommendation of the speaker for an international workshop on off label use of VMP, and a VMP for minor use and minor species.  Categorisation for prescription and non- prescription VMP in Japan.  Approval status of VMPs for milking cows in Japan. Dr Michiko KAWANISHI Speaker OIE GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON THE RESPONSIBLE AND PRUDENT USE OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS FOR ANIMALS

ToR: To provide, within the designated specialty, scientific and technical training to personnel from OIE Member Countries

6. Did your Collaborating Centre provide scientific and technical training, within the remit of the mandate given by the OIE, to personnel from OIE Member Countries?

Yes No

If the answer is yes, please provide the total number of trained persons for each of the following categories: a) Technical visits:...... b) Seminars:...... c) Hands-on training courses:...... d) Internships (>1 month):......

Type of technical Country of origin of the No. participants from training provided Content expert(s) provided with the corresponding (a, b, c or d) training country

NIAH has dispatched 2 research Indonesia 2 staff as JICA experts (Veterinary Public Health and Pathology) to JICA project entitled "Project on Capacity Development of Animal Health Laboratory" at Disease Investigation Center Subang, Indonesia. JICA Group Training Course for 7 months: Research on diagnostic methods for Afghanistan 1 parasitic diseases in domestic Mongolia 2 animals Research on pathological diagnosis Malaysia 1 for porcine respiratory diseases Research on diagnosis for digestive Malaysia 1 viral diseases Research on diagnosis for pig and 1 avian respiratory viral diseases Indonesia Regional Short-term Training on Singapore 1 Veterinary Vaccine Assessment Indonesia 1 Tokyo, Japan, 7-11 October 2013 Vietnam 1 Myanmar 1 Thailand 1 ToR: To organise and participate in scientific meetings and other activities on behalf of the OIE

7. Did your Collaborating Centre organise or participate in the organisation of scientific meetings on behalf of the OIE?

Yes No

ToR: To collect, process, analyse, publish and disseminate data and information relevant to the designated specialty

8. Publication and dissemination of any information within the remit of the mandate given by the OIE that may be useful to Member Countries of the OIE (Indicate in the appropriate box the number by category)

a) Articles published in peer-reviewed journals:......

NIAH Articles of BSE and influenza are in each OIE Reference Laboratory Reports. Tamamura Y., Tanaka K., Akiba M., Kanno T., Hatama S., Ishihara R. & Uchida I. (2013). Complete nucleotide sequences of virulence-resistance plasmids carried by emerging multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolated from cattle in Hokkaido, Japan. PLoS One. 8(10), e77644. Nagano-Kobayashi S., Matsubayashi M., Kimata I., Furuya M., Tani H. & Sasai K. (2013). Infectivity of Cryptosporidium andersoni Kawatabi type relative to the small number of oocysts in immunodeficient and immunocompetent neonatal and adult mice. Parasitol Int., 62(2), 109-111. Matsubayashi M., Hatta T., Miyoshi T., Anisuzzaman, Sasai K., Shimura K., Isobe T., Kita K. & Tsuji N. (2013). High-throughput RNA sequencing profiles and transcriptional evidence of aerobic respiratory enzymes in sporulating oocysts and sporozoites of Eimeria tenella. Infect. Genet. Evol. 18, 269-276. Matsubayashi M., Teramoto-kimata I., Uni S., Lillehoi HS., Matsuda H., Furuya M., Tani H. & Sasai K. (2013).

Elongation Factor-1α Is a Novel Protein Associated with Host Cell Invasion and a Potential Protective Antigen of Cryptosporidium parvum. J. Biol. Chem. 288(47), 34111-34120. Van Calsteren MR., Gagnon F., Calzas C., Goyette-Desjardins G., Okura M., Takamatsu D., Gottschalk M. & Sequra M. (2013). Structure determination of Streptococcus suis serotype 14 capsular polysaccharide. Biochem. Cell Biol., 91(2), 49-58. Takamatsu D., Arai R., Miyoshi-Akiyama T., Okumura K., Okura M., Kirikae T., Kojima A. & Osaki M. (2013). Identification of Mutations Involved in the Requirement of Potassium for Growth of Typical Melissococcus plutonius Strains. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 79(12), 3882-3886. Yamaji K., Miyoshi T., Hatta T., Matsubayashi M., Alim MA., Anisuzzaman, Kushibiki S, Fujisaki K. & Tsuji N. (2013). HlCPL-A, a cathepsin L-like cysteine protease from the ixodid tick Haemaphysalis longicornis, modulated midgut proteolytic enzymes and their inhibitors during blood meal digestion. Infect Genet. Evol., 16, 206-211.

1. Kusumoto M., Fukamizu D., Ogura Y., Yoshida E., Yamamoto F., Iwata T., Ooka T., Akiba M. & Hayashi T. (2013). The lineage-specific distribution of IS-excision enhancer in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from swine. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. (in press).

2. Iwata T., Chiku K., Amano K., Kusumoto M., Ohnishi-Kameyama M., Ono H. & Akiba M. (2013). Effects of lipooligosaccharide inner core truncation on bile resistance and chick colonization by Campylobacter jejuni. PloS One, 8(2), 375-381.

3. Shahada F., Chuma T., Kosugi G., Kusumoto M., Iwata T. & Akiba M. (2013). Distribution of extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance determinants in Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli isolated from broilers in southern Japan. Poult. Sci., 92(6), 1641-1649.

4. Shi F., Ogawa Y., Sano A., Harada T., Hirota J., Eguchi M., Oishi E. & Shimoji Y. (2013). Characterization and identification of a novel candidate vaccine protein through systematic analysis of extracellular proteins of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Infect. Immun., 81(12), 4333-4340.

5. Kawai K., Higuchi H., Iwano H., Iwakuma A., Onda K., Sato R., Hayashi T., Nagahata H. & Oshida T. (2013). Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Mycoplasma isolated from bovine mastitis in Japan. Anim. Sci. J., (in press)

6. Nagata R., Kawaji S. & Mori Y. (2013). Use of enoyl coenzyme A hydratase of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis for the serological diagnosis of Johne's disease. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 155(4), 253-258. Okura M., Takamatsu D., Maruyama F., Nozawa T., Nakagawa I., Osaki M., Sekizaki T., Gottschalk M., Kumagai Y. & Hamada S. (2013). Genetic Analysis of Capsular Polysaccharide Synthesis Gene Clusters from All Serotypes of Streptococcus suis: Potential Mechanisms for Generation of Capsular Variation. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 79, 2796-2806. Hanafusa Y., Phalen D. & Costa M. (2013). Infection trials in mice suggest that Macrorhabdus ornithogaster is not capable of growth in mammals. Medical Mycology, 51(6), 669-672. Ito H., Katsuragi K., Akama S. & Yuzawa H. (2013). Isolation of atypical genotype Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 6. J. Vet. Med. Sci., (in press) Katsuda K., Hoshinoo K., Ueno Y., Kohmoto M. & Mikami O. (2013). Virulence genes and antimicrobial susceptibility in Pasteurella multocida isolates from calves. Vet. Microbiol., 167(3-4), 737-741. Nishijo S., Ogihara k., Ishikawa Y. & Kadota K. (2013) Signet ring cell lymphoma with plasmacytic differentiation in a pig. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 75(6), 799-802. Muroga N., Kobayashi S., Nishida T., Hayama Y., Kawano T., Yamamoto T. & Tsutsui T. (2013). Risk factors for the transmission of foot-and-mouth disease during the 2010 outbreak in Japan: a case-control study. BMC Vet. Res., 9, 150. Hayama Y., Yamamoto T., Kobayashi S., Muroga N. & Tsutsui T. (2013), Mathematical model of the 2010 foot- and-mouth disease epidemic in Japan and evaluation of control measures. Prev. Vet. Med., 112(3-4), 183-193. Kobayashi S., Hidano A., Tsutsui T., Yamamoto T., Hayama Y., Nishida T., Muroga N., Konishi M., Kameyama K. & Murakami K. (2013). Analysis of risk factors associated with bovine leukemia virus seropositivity within dairy and beef breeding farms in Japan: A nationwide survey. Res. Vet. Sci., 96(1), 47-53. Katayama T., Saito S., Horiuchi S., Maruta T., Kato T., Yanase T., Yamakawa M. & Shirafuji H. (2013), Nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis in a calf in Japan and the isolation of Japanese encephalitis virus genotype

1 from the affected calf. J. Clin Microbiol., 51(10), 3448-3453. Murakami K., Kobayashi S., Konishi M., Kameyama K. & Tsutsui T. (2013). Nationwide Survey of Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection among Dairy and Beef Breeding Cattle in Japan from 2009-2011. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 75(8), 1123-1126. Yanase T., Matsumoto Y, Matsumori Y., Aizawa M., Hirata M., Kato T., Shirafuji H., Yamakawa M., Tsuda T. & Noda H. (2013). Molecular identification of field-collected Culicoides larvae in the southern part of Japan. J. Med. Entomol. 50(5), 1105-1110. Fukai K., Onozato H., Kitano R., Yamazoe R., Morioka K., Yamada M., Ohashi S, Yoshida K. & Kanno T. (2013). Availability of a fetal goat tongue cell line ZZ-R 127 for isolation of Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) from clinical samples collected from animals experimentally infected with FMDV. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest., 25(6), 770- 774.

7. Miyazaki A., Kuga K., Suzuki T., Kohmoto M., Katsuda K. & Tsunemitsu H. (2013). Annual changes in predominant genotypes of rotavirus A detected in the feces of pigs in various developmental stages raised on a conventional farm. Vet. Microbiol. 163(102), 162-166.

8. Ohkura T., Kokuho T., Konishi M., Kameyama K. & Takeuchi K. (2013). Complete Genome Sequences of Bovine Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 Strain BN-1 and Vaccine Strain BN-CE. Genome Announc., 1(1), e00247-12.

9. Soma J., Tsunemitsu H., Miyamoto T., Suzuki G., Sasaki T. & Suzuki T. (2013). Whole-genome analysis of two bovine rotavirus C strains: Shintoku and Toyama. J. Gen. Virol., 94, 128-135.

10. Watanabe S., Kakudo A., Ohta M., Mita K., Fujiyama K. & Inumaru S. (2013). Molecular cloning and characterization of the α-glucosidase II from Bombyx mori and Spodoptera frugiperda. Insect. Biochem. Mol. Biol., 43(4), 319-327.

11. NVAL Hirano F., Imamura S., Nakajima N., Kawanishi M., Uchiyama M., Yamamoto K., Nagai H. and Kijima M. (2014 ). Development of an in vitro assay based on humoral immunity for quality control of the oil-adjuvanted Pseudotuberculosis vaccine in Yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata. Biologicals , 42 , 48-51 . Imamura S., Nakamizo M., Hirano F., Yamamoto T., Nagai H., Kijima M., Mekata H., Kirino Y. and Kobayashi I. (2013). Factors Associated with Adverse Events Following Administration of Histophilus somni Vaccine to Calves. The International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine, 11, 3, 203-207.

12. Kawanishi M., Ozawa M., Hiki M., Abo H., Kojima A. and Asai T. (2013). Detection of aac(6')-Ib-cr in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates in Japan. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 75, 11, 1539-1542.

b) International conference presentations:......

NIAH Nakamura K., Ohizumi T., Yamamoto Y. & Yamada M. (2013). Detection of fowl adenovirus DNA from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and classification of serotypes by sequencing of PCR products. 18th World Veterinary Poultry Association (WVPA, Nantes, France) Ikehata A., Ra S., Sashita K., Paku Y., Ohkura T. & Terada H. (2013). Rapid diagnosis of anemia for screening of bovine piroplasmosis by short-wavelength NIR spectroscopy. 16th International Conference on Near Infrared Spectroscopy (Montpelir, USA) Kubota T., Yokoyama M., Uchida I., Kijima M., Takata M. & Fujiwara M. (2013). Dynamic analysis of the calcium carbonate microcapsule in chicken digestive tract. The 10th International Veterinary Immunology Symposium (Milan, Italy) Morozumi T., Iseki H., Doi D., Takagi M., Tsunemitsu H. & Uenishi H. (2013). AMPLIFICATION AND SHOTGUN SEQUENCING OF GENOMIC RNA OF PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME VIRUS. The 10th International Veterinary Immunology Symposium. (Milan, Italy) Muneta Y. (2013). Experimental infection of Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis to HPCD or weaned piglets; Effect of a TLR5 SNP (C1205T). The 10 th International Veterinary Immunology Symposium. (Milan, Italy) Okura M. (2013). Development of multiplex PCR-based cps-typing method composed of grouping and typing steps. First international workshop on Streptococcus suis program. (Beijing, China) Tsuchiya Y. (2013). Improvement of antimicrobial activity of lysozyme by the modification of polyarginine at

the C-terminus. International Symposium of the German Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. (Frankfurt, Germany) Ishizeki S., Ishikawa H., Adachi Y., Yamazaki Y. & Yamane I. (2013). PRIMARY TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY OF PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME VIRUS STATUS IN FARROW-TO-FINISH SWINE FARMS IN JAPAN. The 6th Asian Pig Veterinary Society Congress. (Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam) Yamane I., Ishizeki S. & Yamazaki Y. (2013). Recent trends of reproductive performances in farrow-to-finish swine farms in Japan. The 6th Asian Pig Veterinary Society Congress. (Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam) Van Calsteren MR., Gagnon F., Desjardins G., Brousses A., Soudier C., Okura M., Takamatsu D., Gottschalk M. & Segura M. (2013). Explaining the serological behavior of Streptococcus suis serotypes 1 and 1/2 from their capsular polysaccharide structure and biosynthesis. MOOT XXVI NMR Symposium. (Ontario, Canada) Watanabe A., (2013). Possible involvement of transforming growth factor-beta2 in the development of bovine dry-period mastitis induced by intramammary infusion of Staphylococcus aureus. The 31st World Veterinary Congress. (Prague, the Czech Republic) Hayashi T., (2013). Establishment of the new ELISA assay for Staphylococcus aureus specific antibody in bovine milk. The 31st World Veterinary Congress. (Prague, the Czech Republic) NVAL Hikichi N., Standards (Minimum requiremen) for veterinary biological products and national assay in Japan. VMP Forum, 9 October 2013. Iwamoto S., Regulatory system of GMP for Veterinary Medicinal Products in Japan. VMP Forum, 9 October 2013. Tsunoda T., Off-label use of Veterinari Medicinal Products. International Workshop for minor use and minor species of veterinary medicine management. 23 October 2013.

c) National conference presentations:......

NVAL Hirano F., et al. Evaluation of efficacy of the oil-adjuvanted Pseudotuberculosis vaccine in Yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata using agglutinating antibody titer measurement. Spring Conference of The Japanese Society of Fish Pathology. 9 March 2013. Hiki M., et al., Serotype and molecular epidemiological analysis of the fluoroquinolone-resistant Cempylobacter jejuni derived from healthy broiler. The 156th meeting of the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science. 22 September 2013. Imamura S., et al., Evaluation of usefulness of the endotoxinactivity measurement using whole blood culture method. The 156th meeting of the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science. 20 September 2013. Kawanishi M., et al., Antimicrobial susceptibility and the characteristics of Mannheimia haemolytica isolates in Japan. The 156th meeting of the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science. 20 September 2013. Hamamoto K., et al., Progression of Metoclopramid plasma level in experimental renal function deteriorated cattle. The 156th meeting of the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science. 20 September 2013. Ishimaru M., et al., Study of the detection method for Hobi-like Pestivirus ( bovine viral diarrhea virus type 3). The 156th meeting of the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science. 20 September 2013. Oishi K., et al., Histopathological study of so-called lipomatous muscular dystrophy in pig. The 156th meeting of the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science. 20 September 2013. Hikichi N., et al., Evaluation of the usefulness of antibody determination ELISA kit using chicken sera immunized by Avian Influenza vaccine stockpile. The 156th meeting of the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science. 20 September 2013. Hamamoto K., et al., Detection of cattle CYP450 2D14 protein using westen blot analysis. The 156th meeting of the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science. 21 September 2013. Goto M., et al., Multivariable analysis of the association between antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from apparently healthy pigs in Japan. The 156th meeting of the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science. 22 September 2013. Yamamoto T., et al., Analysis of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV mutation in the fluoroquinolone-resistant

Actinobacillus pleuroneumoniae. The 156th meeting of the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science. 20 September 2013. Nakamura S., et al., Development of bovine viral diarrhea virus cDNA clone and analysis of innate immunosuppression function. The 156th meeting of the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science. 20 September 2013. Yamamoto K., et al., Serotype and drug susceptibility of the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolated from 2008 to 2011. The 156th meeting of the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science. 20 September 2013. Kawanishi M., The Japanese Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System. The 6th meeting of Japanese Society for Campylobacter Research. 26 July 2013. Hiki M., et al., Contamination and drug susceptibility of the Salmonella spp in broiler chicken or chicken meat. The 156th meeting of the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science. 22 September 2013. Mizuno Y., et al., Residue analysis of sodium dichloroisocyanurate in the tissue from cattle and pig using LC- MS/MS. The 106th meeting of Japanese Society for Food Hygiene and Safety. 21 November 2013. Hamamoto K., et al., Residual concentration of Fenitrothion products in the cattle and pigs after withdrawal period of aerosolized administration. The 106th meeting of Japanese Society for Food Hygiene and Safety. 21 November 2013. Akama R., et al., Study for the analytical method of the Dibutylsuccinate in a bovine tissue. The 106th meeting of Japanese Society for Food Hygiene and Safety. 21 November 2013. Noda K., History of VICH; Achievements and spill over effects to the improvement of VMP governance in the region. The 76th Conference of Japanese Veterinary History Association. Nov. 2, 2013, Tokyo, Japan. 2 November 2013.

d) Other:...... (Provide website address or link to appropriate information)

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