List the Properties of Gases (Expansion, Fluidity, Compressibility, Diffusion, Low Density)

Honors Chemistry: Test Objectives for Unit 6, Gases Name: ______Date: ______

 List the properties of gases (expansion, fluidity, compressibility, diffusion, low density).  List the 5 postulates of the Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases. o Understand the difference between an ideal gas and a real gas. o Understand which two postulates hold up. o Understand which two postulates break down, and the conditions of temperature and pressure that cause them to break down. . All real molecules occupy space. . All real molecules have some attraction for one another. o Describe the conditions of temperature and pressure under which real gases behave as ideal gases. o Use KMT to explain certain properties (expansion, fluidity, compressibility, diffusion) of gases.  Know the definition of pressure: P = F/A.  Understand how barometers work.  Convert between the different units of pressure measurement: Torr, Atm, kPa, mm Hg, and lbs/in2.  Express Boyle’s Law, Charles’ Law, and Gay-Lussac’s Law verbally, mathematically, and graphically. o Use Boyle’s law to calculate pressure-volume changes at constant temperature. o Use Charles’ law to calculate volume-temperature changes at constant pressure. o Use Gay-Lussac’s law to calculate pressure-temperature changes at constant volume. o Use KMT to explain the relationships between gas volume, temperature, and pressure.  Solve problems using the combined gas law. o In all gas law problems, temperature must be expressed in Kelvins.  Define Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP).  Convert temperature between the Celsius and Kelvin temperature scales.  Know the definition of temperature.  Describe the relationship between temperature and molecular velocity.  Describe heat transfer from a molecular perspective.

 Describe conditions under which the gas laws break down. (Hint: LN2)  Interpret graphs of volume and temperature and use them to determine absolute zero.  State Avogadro’s Law and explain its significance.  State the law of combining volumes.  Define molar volume of a gas at STP. Use it to calculate gas masses, volumes, or density.  Use Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures to calculate partial pressures and total pressures  Describe diffusion. Understand dependence of diffusion of gases on mass and temperature.  State Graham’s Law.  State the ideal gas law. Using the ideal gas law calculate temperature, pressure, volume or moles of gas when the other three variables are known.