Review Sheet for Quiz on Microscopes, Cells and Tissues Honors

Name: ______Date: ______

1. A. What type of microscope requires light to pass through the object being viewed? COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE

B. Why do the objects need to be so thin in order to see detail? LIGHT MUST BE ABLE TO PASS THROUGH THEM FROM BELOW BECAUSE THE LIGHT SOURCE COMES FROM UNDERNEATH THE OBJECT

2. Label the microscope below. REFER TO YOUR NOTES

3. Complete the chart for the hypothetical microscope below: I CORRECTED THIS…SORRY FOR THE CONFUSION

Objectives Magnification Magnification Total Magnification

of EYEPIECE of OBJECTIVE

Low Power 10 3 30

Med. Power 10 12 120 High Power 10 43 430

4. If you move a slide to the right and up, which direction will it appear to move as you are viewing it through the lens? Explain, and DRAW A PICTURE TO DEMONSTRATE.

LEFT AND DOWN BECAUSE THE LENSES FLIP OBJECTS UPSIDE DOWN AND BACKWARDS

5. What is a cell? Is there anything smaller than a cell that can still be considered living?

A CELL IS THE BASIC UNIT OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION FOR ALL LIVING THINGS. THERE IS NOTHING SMALLER THAN A CELL THAT CAN STILL BE CONSIDERED LIVING

6. What are the three parts of the cell theory?

REFER TO YOUR NOTES

7. List the similarities differences between prokaryotic cells, and eukaryotic cells, including their size, complexity, and kingdoms of living organisms using the Venn Diagram below.

PROKARYOTES: SMALLER, LESS COMPLEX, INCLUDING BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA KINGDOMS

EUKARYOTES: LARGER, MORE COMPLEX, INCLUDING PLANTS, ANIMALS, PROTISTS, AND FUNGI – CONTAIN MANY MORE ORGANELLES, INCLUDING MITOCHONDRIA, CHLOROPLASTS, GOLGI, ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, AND A WELL DEFINED NUCLEUS

BOTH PRO- AND EU-: ALL CELLS REQUIRE CERTAIN BASIC FEATURES TO SURVIVE, INCLUDING A CELL MEMBRANE, DNA, RIBOSOMES, AND A CYTOPLASM 8. Provide 6 examples of eukaryotic organisms, and 2 examples of prokaryotes.

EUKARYOTES; BUTTERFLY, MOUSE, TULIP, PORTABELLO MUSHROOM, HUMAN, VOLVOX

PROKARYOTES; BACTERIA LIKE STREP AND MRSA, AND ARCHAEA

9. What is an organelle, and where do you find them? ORGANELLE MEANS TINY ORGAN, AND CAN BE FOUND WITHIN ALL CELLS

10. Complete the organelle chart below:

Name of Organelle Function of organelle Which type of cells do you find them in (plant, animal, bacteria, fungi, protist)? 1. Cell membrane REFER TO NOTES FOR FUNCTIONS ALL CELLS

2. Nucleus EUKARYOTES

3. Cell wall PLANTS, SOME BACTERIA, SOME FUNGI 4. Chloroplast PLANTS, SOME PROTISTS 5. Mitochondria ALL EUKARYOTES

6. Lysosome EUKARYOTES

7. Vacuole EUKARYOTES

8. RIBSOME RIBOSOMES CAN BE FOUND IN ALL CELLS 11. If an object is to dark when viewing it under the microscope, you could adjust the __DIAPHRAGM______to allow more light to pass through it.

12. As magnification increases the size of the image will ____INCREASE______.

13. As magnification increases the area that you are viewing (field of view) ____DECREASE______. 14. If you want to view an object at high power, which power would you start at____LOW POWER______. Under high power, you should only use the ____FINE______adjustment knob.

15. How do you calculate the total magnification when viewing an object under: a. Low 10 X 4 = 40

b. Medium 10 X 10 = 100

c. High 10 X 40 = 400

16. Which type of cell evolved first, a Prokaryotic cell or a Eukaryotic Cell? PROKARYOTE

17. When comparing a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell what are two things that are different between them that would give you a clue that one is older than the other one? THE FIRST CELL ON EARTH WAS MOST LIKELY MORE SIMILAR IN APPEARANCE TO PROKARYOTIC CELLS, LIKE BACTERIA, TODAY. THIS IS NOT ONLY BECAUSE THE OLDEST FOSSIL WE HAVE IS THE SIZE OF A PROKARYOTE, BUT ALSO BECAUSE THEY ARE SIMPLER, AND EVOLUTION TENDS TO BUILD MORE COMPLEXITY OVER TIME

18. “Tiny Organs” found within a cell are known as: ______ORGANELLES______

19. Which of the following statements is not part of cell theory? B a. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function. b. Almost all living things are made of cells. c. New cells must come from preexisting cells. d. None of the above. e. All of the above. f. A & B only g. B & C only

20. Complete the following statement: The structure of a cell will determine its __FUNCTION______.

21. Using the diagram below list the organelles that are found in plant cells alone, animal cells alone and both plant and animal cells: PLANTS CELLS ONLY: CHLOROPLAST, CENTRAL VACUOLE, CELL WALL

ANIMAL CELLS: THERE REALLY AREN’T ANY ORGANLLES ONLY FOUND WITHIN ANIMAL CELLS (THAT WE LEARNED ABOUT) Flagellum,

BOTH: ALMOST ALL THE ORGANELLES ARE FOUND IN BOTH  NUCLEUS, CELL MEMBRANE, RIBOSOMES, MITOCHONDRIA, ROUGH AND SMOOTHE ER, GOLGI, VESICLES, LYSOSOME (ALTHOUGH IT’S UP FOR DEBATE IN THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY)

Match the parts of the cell with its function: REFER TO YOUR NOTES..THIS SHOULD BE EASY

22.____ Nucleus a. Rigid layer made of cellulose that provides support for plant cells

23.____ Mitochondrion b. Storage unit that is larger in plant cells than animal cells

24.____ Chloroplast c. Digests/destroys foreign bodies, such as bacteria, and will break down damaged or dead organelles.

d. Makes food using sunlight, water and carbon dioxide

e. Houses the DNA, which controls the activity of the cell

f. Layer of protection that selects what enters and exits the cell

g. “Power House” breaks down food to generate energy

h. Millions of these little protein factories can be found within the cell.

25.____ Vacuole

26.____ Cell Membrane

27. ____ Cell Wall 28. ____ Lysosome

29. ____ Ribosome

Identify the following tissues by their picture, and describe the function of each: Identify the Nucleus in each picture

28. MUSCLE TISSUE; AIDS IN MOVING BODY, DARK SPOTS ARE EACH A NUCLEUS

29. EPITHELIAL TISSUE – FOR LINING ORGANS SKIN AND DIGESTIVE TRACT – DARK SPOTS ARE EACH A NUCLEUS

30. ADIPOSE TISSUE, WHICH IS AN EXAMPLE OF CONNECTIVE- FOR INSULATION, FAT STORAGE, BLOOD, AND SUPPORT 31. NERVOUS TISSUE SHOWN HERE IS FOR SENDING AND RECEIVING MESSAGES THROUGHOUT THE BODY TO CONTROL BODY FUNCTIONS

32. Identify the following protists by name, and identify the names of the cell parts pointed to.

Name of Protist: __AMOEBA______

Why are contractile vacuoles so important? FOR PUMPING OUT EXCESS WATER SO THIS CELL DOESN’T EXPLODE

PSEUDOPOD NUCLEUS

What enables this cell to move? PSEDOPOD EXTENDS FROM BODY, AND HELPS TO DRAG AMOEBA LIKA A SNAKE

CILIA Name of Protist: _PARAMECIUM______

Why are contractile vacuoles so important? SAME AS ABOVE

CONTRACTILE VACUOLE

What enables this cell to move? CILIA, HAIRLIKE PROJECTS ON EDGE THAT MOVE FLAGELLUM Name of Protist: __EUGLENA______

EYE SPOT What is a mixotroph? ABLE TO GET FOOD THROUGH PREDATION, OR THROUGH PHOTOSYNTHESIS

CHLOROPLAS (AUTOTROPHIC AND HETEROTROPHIC) T

NUCLEUS How does this cell know where to find light? RED EYE SPOT SHOWS THE CELL WHICH DIRECTION THERE IS LIGHT

What enables this cell to move? FLAGELLUM  TAIL LIKE STRUCTURE

Are the protists above Eukaryotes or Prokaryotes? Explain. EUKARYOTES  THEY HAVE NUCLEUS AND MEMBRANE-BOUND ORGANELLES

Are they single-celled or multicellular? Explain the difference between those two terms. MOST ARE SINGLE CELLED, BUT SOME, LIKE VOLVOX, HAVE SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF MUTICELLULAR ORGANISMS

What is cell specialization? Relate the term cell specialization to multicellular organisms.

CELL SPECIALIZATION DESCRIBES HOW CELLS IN A MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM HAVE VERY SPECIFIC JOBS. ALL CELLS IN A MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM WORK TOGETHER TO PERFORM DIFFERENT TASKS, WHICH INCREASES EFFICIENCY, BUT MEANS THAT EACH CELL COULD NOT LIVE ON THEIR OWN.