Chapter 23 Gilded Age DO NOT WRITE on TEST!

Chapter 23 – Gilded Age DO NOT WRITE ON TEST! “Celebration of Knowledge”

1) In the presidential election of 1868, Ulysses S. Grant a. transformed his personal popularity into a large majority in the popular vote. b. owed his victory to the votes of former slaves. c. gained his victory by winning the votes of the majority of whites. d. demonstrated his political skill. e. all of the above.

2) Which of the following is least related to the other three? a. Jim Fisk b. “Black Friday” c. Jay Gould d. Credit Mobilier e. Wall Street gold market f. 3) The Credit Mobilier scandal involved a. Public utility company brivbes. b. Bureau of Indian Affairs payoffs. c. Railroad construction kickbacks. d. Evasion of excise taxes on distilled liquor. e. Manipulating the Wall Street stock market.

4) In an attempt to avoid prosecution for their corrupt dealings, the owners of Credit Mobilier a. left the country. b. belatedly started to follow honest business practices. c. sold controlling interest in the company to others. d. tried to gain immunity by testifying before Congress. e. distributed shares of the company’s valuable stock to key congressmen. 5) Match each politician below with the Republican political faction with which he was associated: A. Roscoe Conkling 1. “Half-Breeds” B. James Blaine 2. Stalwarts C. Horace Greeley 3. Regular Republicans D. Ulysses Grant 4. Liberal Republicans

a. A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1 b. A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4 c. A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 d. A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3 e. A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2

6) As a solution to the panic or depression of 1873, debtors suggested a. a policy of deflation. b. a passage of the Resumption Act of 1875. c. stronger federal control of banking. d. restoring the government’s credit rating. e. inflationary policies.

7) “Spoilsmen” was the label attached to those who a. expected government jobs from their party’s elected officeholders. b. ravaged the pristine environment of the “golden West” for their own profit. c. manipulated railroad stocks to their own private advantage. d. supported civil-service reform. e. engaged in political corruption.

8) The major problem in the 1876 presidential election centered on a. who would be Speaker of the House. b. the two sets of election returns submitted from Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana. c. Samuel Tilden’s association with corrupt politicians. d. President Grant’s campaign for a third term. e. failure to use the secret “Australian ballot” in some places.

9) The Compromise of 1877 resulted in a. a renewal of the Republican commitment to protect black civil rights in the South. b. the withdrawal of federal troops from the South. c. the election of a Democrat to the presidency. d. passage of the Bland-Allison Silver Purchase Act. e. a plan to build the first transcontinental railroad.

10) The sequence of presidential terms of the “forgettable presidents” of the Gilded Age (including Cleveland’s two nonconsecutive terms) was a. Cleveland, Hayes, Harrison, Cleveland, Arthur, Garfield. b. Garfield, Hayes, Harrison, Cleveland, Arthur, Cleveland. c. Cleveland, Garfield, Arthur, Hayes, Harrison, Cleveland. d. Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, Cleveland, Harrison, Cleveland. e. Hayes, Garfield, Harrison, Cleveland, Arthur, Cleveland.

11) In the 1896 case of Plessey v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that a. African Americans could be denied the right to vote. b. segregation was unconstitutional. c. “separate but equal” facilities were constitutional. d. the Fourteenth Amendment did not apply to African Americans. e. literacy tests for voting were constitutional.

12) The legal codes that established the system of segregation were a. found only in the North. b. called Jim Crow laws. c. overturned by Plessy v. Ferguson. d. undermined by the crop-lien system. e. passed during Reconstruction.

13) The railroad strike of 1877 started when a. President Hayes refused to use troops to keep the trains running. b. the four largest railroads cut salaries by ten percent. c. working hours were cut back by the railroad companies. d. the railroad workers refused to cross the picket lines of cargo loaders. e. the railroads tried to hire Chinese workers.

14) In the wake of anti-Chinese violence in California, the United States Congress a. negotiated a restricted-immigration agreement with China. b. did nothing, as it was California’s problem. c. banned the Kearneyites in San Francisco. d. sent many Chinese back to their homeland. e. passed a law prohibiting the immigration of Chinese laborers to America.

15) One of the reasons that the Chinese came to the United States was to a. dig for gold. b. work on the East Coast. c. replace the newly freed slaves in the South. d. buy their own farms. e. all of the above.

16) Abraham Lincoln was the first president to be assassinated while in office; the second was a. Rutherford Hayes. b. William McKinley. c. Chester Arthur. d. Benjamin Harrison. e. James Garfield.

17) The president in this chapter who was assassinated was killed a. as a result of his service in the Civil War. b. because he was a Stalwart Republican. c. because he opposed civil-service reform. d. by a deranged, disappointed office seeker. e. by a political anarchist.

18) The Pendleton Act required appointees to public office to a. take a competitive examination. b. present a written recommendation from a congressman or senator. c. agree to make financial contributions to their political party. d. pledge independence from either major political party. e. have a college degree.

19) The 1884 election contest between James G. Blaine and Grover Cleveland was noted for a. its emphasis on issues. b. low voter turnout. c. the personal attacks between the two candidates. d. a landslide victory for the reform-minded Republicans. e. its virtual tie in the electoral college.

20) Which one of the following Gilded Age presidents had a different party affiliation from the other four? a. Ulysses S. Grant b. Rutherford Hayes c. Grover Cleveland d. Benjamin Harrison e. Chester Arthur

21) On the issue of the tariff, President Grover Cleveland a. supported high rates. b. advocated a lower rate. c. had no opinion. d. followed the advice of his party. e. favored tariffs on agricultural products.

22) In the latter decades of the nineteenth century, it was generally true that the majority of political power was with a. Congress. b. the president. c. the federal courts. d. the federal bureaucracy. e. the states.

23) The “Billion-Dollar Congress” quickly disposed of rising government surpluses by a. providing subsidies to wheat, corn, and cotton farmers. b. building an expensive new steel navy. c. expanding pensions to Civil War veterans. d. cutting tariffs and other taxes. e. increasing spending on railroads and other transportation projects.

24) Which of the following was not among the platform planks adopted by the Populist Party in their convention of 1892? a. government ownership of the railroads, telephone, and telegraph. b. free and unlimited coinage of silver in the ratio of 16 to 1. c. a one-term limit on the presidency. d. government guarantees of “parity prices” for farmers. e. immigration restrictions.

25) President Grover Cleveland aroused widespread public anger by his action of a. vetoing the Wilson-Gorman Tariff Act. b. using federal troops to suppress Populist demonstrations. c. taking the United States off the gold standard. d. borrowing $65 million in gold from J.P. Morgan’s banking syndicate. e. wasting the federal surplus on pork-barrel spending.

26) ______Corrupt construction company whose bribes and payoffs to congressmen and others created a major Grant administration scandal

27) ______Short-lived third party of 1872 that attempted to curb Grant administration corruption

28) ______Mark Twain’s sarcastic name for the post-Civil War era, which emphasized its atmosphere of greed and corruption

29) ______Eloquent young Congressman from Nebraska who became the most prominent advocate of “free silver” in the early 1890s

30) ______Republican party faction led by Senator Roscoe Conkling that opposed all attempts at civil-service reform.

31) ______Republican party faction led by James G. Blaine that paid lip- service to government reform while still battling for patronage and spoils.

32) ______The complex political agreement between Republicans and Democrats that resolved the bitterly disputed election of 1876. 33) ______Sky-high Republican tariff of 1890 that caused widespread anger among farmers in the Midwest and South.

34) ______Insurgent political party that gained widespread support among farmers in the 1890s.

35) ______Notorious clause in southern voting laws that exempted from literacy tests and poll taxes anyone whose ancestors had voted in 1860, thereby excluding blacks.

36) ______First Democratic president since before the Civil War; defender of laissez-faire economics and low tariffs

37) ______Heavyweight New York political boss whose widespread fraud landed him in jail in 1871

38) ______Winner of the contested 1876 election who presided over the end of Reconstruction and a sharp economic downturn

39) ______Enormously wealthy banker whose secret bailout of the federal government in 1895 aroused fierce public anger

40) ______Great military leader whose presidency foundered in corruption and political ineptitude

41) ______Colorful, eccentric newspaper editor who carried the Liberal Republican and Democratic banners against Grant in the election of 1872.

42) ______President whose assassination after only a few months spurred the passage of a civil-service law

43) ______Precious metal that “soft-money” advocates demanded be coined again to compensate for the problems caused by the Panic of 1873

44) ______Immigrant group that experienced much discrimination on the West Coast during the late 19th century. 45) ______Eventual loser and Democratic Party nominee in the Election of 1876 * 5 points extra credit possible

Essay------must be at least 1 paragraph and must answer all parts of the question --- Respond to the following:

Hello, My name is Ryan Earnhardt, and I am a farmer living in Nebraska in the late 1800’s. I was hoping you could help me out….. I am really struggling to pay off the loans the bank has given me to build my farm. I have heard some guys on other farms talking about how they think that the federal government should CAUSE inflation….but I just don’t see how that it is going to help us out….can you please explain to me why farmers like myself would want to cause inflation? Also, if you know of any organizations or political parties that I could join up with to get better treatment for farmers like myself from the federal government, could you please list and explain them to me as well? Thank you!

Sincerely, Struggling Farmer