Philosophic Bases

PERENNIALISM ESSSENTIALISM PROGRESSIVISM RECONSTRUCTIONISM

PHILOSOPHIC BASES: PHILOSOPHIC BASES: PHILOSOPHIC BASES: PHILOSOPHIC BASES: (Rational humanism, rational (Variations of idealism and (Pragmatism, (pragmatism, social theism, scholasticism classical realism.) No truly consistent experimentalism, determinism, cultural utopianism.) External truth, base. Absolutism: external of experientialism.) Practical utopianism,) Belief in moral good, rational man supernatural. Man, world American view. Conviction in democracy. Consensus, goal harmonious with absolutes. democratic means. Wholeness setting use of human science. TRUTH: of man. Environment. Activist approach. There is and always has been TRUTH: only one set of truths. Man There is a set of truths which TRUTH: TRUTH: can think them out (if bright). we know today. With great Truth is what we know at We can and should set our caution we can find new truth, a given moment. As we own ideas of truth purposely – MAN: but far more change is desired as goals to shoot for. Man’s natural tendencies are than justified. learn more we should be questionable. His reasoning quite willing to change MAN: sets him apart. Emotions make MAN: our beliefs. Man is psycho-social animal. him unsafe. Man must learn to develop In today’s and tomorrow’s self-control thru practice. MAN: world he must become more VALUES: Discipline must be imposed. Man is psycho-social animal. social. Lessons of the past are His drives can be stimulated valuable. We should learn VALUES: and aimed. Man naturally VALUES: from the great events of Proved, continuing subjects good. We must determine what we history. Cultural heritage. are valuable. That which has want to be valuable and work Wisdom is valuable. been serving should continue VALUES: toward it. Goals are valuable. to serve. Society and time set values. Democracy. AMERICAN Students, freedom, and DEMOCRACY: AMERICAN democracy are valuable in our AMERICAN Academic elite should be at DEMOCRACY: society. DEMOCRACY: the helm. Educated majority In majority rule, each Educational institutions will have wisdom too. individual should have a AMERICAN should take the lead and create Democracy is merely a common school background DEMOCRACY: democratic chosen changes. system- the great ideas behind for safe democracy. In modern America we need Democracy gives a fair means it are truly important Democracy is the greatest basic “tool” subjects, choice for setting and achieving goals form of government known. of specialty, faith in for a better life for all. democracy. More conformity cuts freedom. Democracy is an entire way of life. PERENNIALISM ESSSENTIALISM PROGRESSIVISM RECONSTRUCTIONISM

THEORY OF THEORY OF THEORY OF THEORY OF EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY: PSYCHOLOGY: PSYCHOLOGY: PSYCHOLOGY: Faculty Psychology, mental Association theories: Field Theories: topological Social psychology. Also skills. Man’s mind grows and connectionism, behaviorism. psychology (Lewin). Gestalt purposivism, purposive develops as he uses it and Trial and error, reward and plus motivation and behavior. behaviorism. Need, goal, learns. Trained mind. punishment, extrinsic Life-space, threats, barriers, group oriented behavior. Fundamental traits can be motivation. Conditioning, goals (his). Ego-involvement, Meeting needs, realistic developed. repetition, reinforcement. intrinsic success, problems. adjustments. Insight. Teachers motivate toward sound goals. PURPOSE: PURPOSE: PURPOSE: Increase reasoning powers. Master subject matter. Make a Develop whole person. Help PURPOSE: Develop the “educated man” well-behaved person who has the individual grow in all Improve person and society. wisdom. Improve the rational command of essential ways toward self realization. Develop people who can solve mind. School is a retreat from academic material. School is School is society. Adjustment problems of our society. everyday life. preparation for future to actual environment. Social responsibility, responsibilities. improvement, and action. CURRICULUM (PUBLIC CURRICULUM (PUBLIC School is the key agent for SCHOOL): CURRICULUM (PUBLIC SCHOOL): social change. Old, proved (no frills), formal SCHOOL): Minimum essentials. subjects. Literary, academic, Bulk-basic courses prescribed Experiment, specialize in CURRICULUM (PUBLIC classical emphasis, some math for all. A few electives. depth. Elect a field, many SCHOOL): and science. Master basic disciplines. courses, survey courses. Minimum essentials. Work on Graduation standards. Cross-disciplinary. significant problems for all. METHOD: Specialize, explore. Classical, Contemplate. METHOD: METHOD: Participate outside school. Discuss. Dialogue. Learn to Teaching is an art and a Interest=effort, labs, think by coping with the great method. Know subject, be individual research. Problem METHOD: ideas. Reading and writing dedicated, exercise control. solving, seminars. Other Student activity, participation. assignments. Repetition. Extrinsic agencies. Intrinsic motivation, Consensus. Group problems. motivation. Lecture, Method=content. Learn by Indoctrination in democratic, EVALUATION: assignments, programming. doing. human values. Activation. Familiarity with classics. Goal-setting. Learn by Ability to express oneself, EVALUATION: EVALUATION: involvement. great ideas. Polish. Subjective. Mastery of subject matter Change in individual taught. Written tests. Set behavior. Growth, EVALUATION: EDUCATION VERSUS standards. Objective. performance, rating, Problem- Change in individual and TRAINING: solving group behavior. Democratic Schools for: Education only – EDUCATION VERSUS processes, movement toward not training. They are not TRAINING: EDUCATION VERSUS goals. same. Training belongs to Train student to obey and TRAINING: other institutions. practice good habits. Education and training are EDUCATION VERSUS Otherwise, education in same learning processes. TRAINING: academic disciplines. Whole person learns, changes. Education and training are same learning processes. Whole person, whole society.