Slavery in the United States

1) The Middle Passage a) Voyage from ______to ______. b) Slaves tightly packed in ships’ hold. c) ______conditions d) Disease outbreaks e) Some ______died during the voyage to America.

2) Slave Auctions a) Slaves “seasoned” b) Slaves auctioned similar to ______c) Inspected by potential buyers d) ______auctions

3) Cotton Gin a) Machine that separates cotton from the seeds b) Invented by ______c) Made cotton production more efficient and profitable d) Increased need for ______.

4) “King Cotton” ______- ______a) Revolutionized southern agriculture. b) In the ______, cotton became the only product grown on many ______. c) Transformed the south into an international power d) Southern plantation owners believed their success was based on ______.

5) Slave Family Life a) Slave ______not legally recognized b) Families vulnerable to separation c) Slave children often put in ______from parents. 6) Slave Children a) Infant mortality rates high b) Children were generally ______. c) Forced to work at an early age. d) Most labor involved ______.

7) Impact of Religion a) Spirituals: ______that gave them strength b) Secret ______

8) Southern Justifications for Slavery a) Traditional view about constitutional ______b) Religious, historical, and economic justifications. c) Many Southerners saw slavery as ______to slaves d) White “equality”

9) Discipline of Slaves a) Slave owners used a range of punishments b) Denying ______to leave the plantation c) ______d) Shackles and chains e) Imprisonment in private jails f) ______rewards existed

10) Runaway Slaves a) Escape was extremely difficult b) Many runaways left ______behind; relatives might be punished as retribution c) ______slaves were severely punished d) Underground Railroad made escaping somewhat easier.

11) The Underground Railroad a) Network of ______leading to the North b) Leaders were called ______c) ______was most famous