1. a Sprig of Elodea Was Placed in a Test Tube. the Test Tube Was Then Placed in Sunlight

Name:______

1. A sprig of Elodea was placed in a test tube. The test tube was then placed in sunlight for 6 hours. A description of the reaction that occurred is listen below a. Radiant energy from the sun was transformed into chemical energy in the plant b. Radiant energy from the sun transformed into sound energy in the plant c. Chemical energy from the sun was transformed into mechanical energy in the plant d. Chemical energy from the sun was transformed into thermal energy in the plant.

2. How is migration important for some animals’ survival and reproduction? a. Migration greatly reduces body activity during colder temperatures b. Migration helps animals store food during times when plants can’t grow. c. Migration causes animals to move to warmer areas to survive during the winter d. Migration allows animals to reproduce asexually when the number of hours of light decreases

3. The grasshopper in the energy pyramid eats grass to get needed energy. Which of the following describe the transformations of energy that occur within the grasshopper as it digests the food? a. Radiant energy is transformed into chemical energy in the digestive system of the grasshopper. b. Chemical energy is transformed into radiant energy in the digestive system of the grasshopper c. Heat energy is transformed into chemical energy in the digestive system of the grasshopper. d. Chemical energy is transformed into heat energy in the digestive system of the grasshopper.

4. What types of food do plants produce? a. Fructose b. Glucose c. Sucrose d. Iodine

5. What plant structure is responsible for converting sunlight into chemical energy? a. Leaves b. Chlorophyll c. Chloroplasts d. Cuticle

6. Your science class is going outdoors to collect leaf specimens. Which of the following is the most important safety rule to follow? a. Bring your textbook. b. Wear safety goggles. c. Follow your teacher's instructions. d. Wear a lab apron.

7. An advertisement states that a particular screwdriver is recommended by 9 out of 10 mechanics. The inference the advertisement hopes you will make is — a. this is the least expensive screwdriver b. this is the most expensive screwdriver c. this is the strongest screwdriver d. this is the best screwdriver 8. What statement can be made based on the information in the diagram of a food web? a. All the consumers ultimately get their energy from plants b. Frogs and snakes eat owls c. Owls have more food energy available to them than rabbits do. d. Mice use rabbits for food energy.

9. In biology, a certain type of model is used to show many interconnected energy relationships in an ecosystem. It usually contains multiple food chains. What is the name of this model? a. Punnett square b. food web c. energy pyramid d. fossil record

10. Look at the illustration. What process does the illustration demonstrate? a. the water cycle b. the nitrogen cycle c. the carbon cycle d. the life cycle

11. Humans need oxygen to survive. Where does this oxygen come from? a. Producers b. primary consumers c. secondary consumers d. the Sun

12. Which equation correctly shows the reactants and products of photosynthesis? a. water + carbon dioxide → sugar + oxygen b. light energy + oxygen + sugar → carbon dioxide + water c. light energy + carbon dioxide + water → sugar + oxygen d. chemicals + sugar + water → carbon dioxide + nitrogen

13. Which group of organisms is responsible for recycling nutrients in an ecosystem? a. Producers b. Consumers c. Decomposers d. Omnivores

14. While walking along a beach, you observe a large pile of sand near a row of rocks. The next day, the pile of sand is gone, and the sand that remains appears wet. The disappearance of the large sand pile is the result of a. chemical weathering b. mechanical weathering c. erosion d. deposition

15. Which of the following explains why different environments support different varieties of organisms? a. Every organism is adapted to life in a certain type of environment. b. Every environment has the same basic features. c. All organisms have the same basic needs. d. Populations of organisms compete with each other for resources.

16. Temperatures in a particular ecosystem are cold during winter. How might an animal successfully respond to this temporary change in climate? a. become extinct b. hibernate c. reproduce d. photosynthesize

17. In an ecosystem, why are decomposers important? a. Consumers eat them. b. They make food for producers. c. They make food for consumers. d. They release nutrients into the soil.

18. How does primary succession differ from secondary succession? a. Primary succession occurs when organisms move into an area. b. Primary succession eventually results in a stable, climax community. c. Primary succession occurs when no life inhabited an area. d. Primary succession occurs when organisms grow in an area. 19. Use the dichotomous key provided to answer this question: What kind of organism is this? a. Ant b. Black widow spider c. Gypsy moth d. Monarch butterfly

20. Which scientist is associated with the phrase 'survival of the fittest'? a. Marie Curie b. Isaac Newton c. Albert Einstein d. Charles Darwin

21. Which statement is part of the process of natural selection? a. There is little variation among members of a population. b. Organisms produce fewer offspring than can survive. c. Traits do not pass from one generation to the next. d. Individuals with useful traits survive and have offspring.

22. How would you describe phototropism to a younger student? a. It is a plant's response to touch. b. It is a plant's response to moisture. c. It is a plant's response to light. d. It is a plant's response to gravity.

23. What happens to the energy absorbed by plants during photosynthesis? a. It is recycled by the plant and returned to the atmosphere. b. It is converted into water. c. It is stored as heat within the plant for cellular functions. d. It is transformed into chemical energy.

Grass >Prairie Dog > Coyote > Soil Bacteria

24. In the food chain above, which organism is responsible for transforming radiant energy into chemical energy? a. Grass b. Prairie dog c. Coyote d. Soil bacteria

25. Which diagram below demonstrates the appropriate response to the external stimuli of gravity and sunlight?

26. How is the ecosystem illustrated in the food web above most likely to be affected by an increase in the number of prairie dogs. a. The amount of grass will increase. b. There will be more food for mice. c. The number of hawks will decrease. d. There will be more food for snakes.

27. In the food web above, which organisms belong to the same food chain? a. Clover, mouse, rabbit, owl b. Wheat, mouse, snake, owl c. Wheat, grasshopper, hawk d. Clover, dandelion, caterpillar, frog

28. A student noticed that the snow covering his family’s compost pile melted before the snow covering the rest of the yard melted. Which statement best explains the student’s observation? a. Compost absorbs more sunlight than grass. b. Decomposition of biomass changes chemical energy into solar energy. c. Chemical energy is being converted to heat by decomposition of biomass. d. Microorganisms change the compost into salt, which melts the snow. 29. Where are you most likely to find the greatest variety and numbers of animal life? a. On a newly mowed lawn b. Close to a pond with rocks, water and several types of plants c. In a pond a few meters away from the water’s edge d. Next to a paved surface

30. Debbie went to visit the Big Bend national Park in west Texas. It is part of a desert ecosystem. Which of the following is an organism she most likely did not see in the park? a. jackrabbit b. cactus c. alligator d. rattlesnake

31. In a bare, rocky area, the first plants that can grow are small mosses. Why is this environment well suited to mosses but not to larger plants? a. Only mosses can turn rock into food energy. b. Mosses do not require nutrients to grow. c. Mosses are too small to have large roots requiring soil. d. Larger plants need more sunlight than smaller plants.

32. A non-native plant is introduced into a diverse, mature ecosystem in equilibrium. Assuming that the non- native plant has no natural enemies and that it thrives in the ecosystem, how will it affect the community? a. The native species will become more like the new plant. b. The number of native species will decrease. c. The number of native species will not be affected at all. d. The native species will all become extinct.

33. What effect does the increase in human population most likely have on the biodiversity of the plant species found in the rain forest? a. Succession in the rainforest will lead to increased biodiversity. b. Succession in the rainforest will lead to decreased biodiversity. c. The number of individual plant species will increase. d. The diversity of all rainforest species will decrease.

34. The diagrams above show an ecosystem during different stages of ecological succession. In which order will these stages occur, from earliest to latest? a. 4, 2, 1, 3 b. 4, 1, 2, 3 c. 3, 1, 4, 2 d. 2, 4, 3, 1 35. Which of the following sequences most likely represents ecological succession on a recently abandoned wheat field? a. Grasses – flowering plants – shrubs – native trees b. Native trees – shrubs – flowering plants – grasses c. Shrubs – grasses – native trees – flowering plants d. Flowering plants – native trees – shrubs – grasses

36. The role of a pioneer species in succession is to change a bare habitat into one that is suitable for other organisms. A species that is responsible for starting succession in an ecosystem is most likely able to – a. survive any predator. b. migrate during the winter. c. live at high altitudes. d. carry out photosynthesis.

37. Some students take care of a vegetable garden. When it is time to plant in the spring, the students leave part of the garden empty in order to observe ecological succession. Which of these will most likely occur first? a. Development of topsoil b. Growth of weeds and grasses c. Growth of trees and shrubs d. Development of a stream

38. During a landslide, many tons of rock slide down a hill in a very short time. A landslide would most likely force animals living in the area to – a. move to a new area b. develop new adaptations c. uncover all the buried plants d. develop different types of diets

39. Which of the following events is most likely to cause an environmental disturbance in a grassland biome? a. earthquake b. volcanic eruption c. hurricane d. fire caused by lightning

40. A large volcanic eruption can produce a cloud of ash that can impact the world’s climate for some time. A cloud of ash that blocked out the sun for four months would most likely have which of these effects? a. Higher temperatures on Earth and increased rates of photosynthesis b. Large amounts of precipitation and flooding of coastal areas c. Lower temperatures and slower rates of plant growth d. High rates of extinction among reptiles and amphibians

41. The surface of Earth is always being changed. Some changes take years for the change to be seen, while others can be seen immediately. Which of the following changes would most likely take more than a week to be seen? a. erosion of a valley b. collapse of a cliff face c. earthquake damage d. flash-flood damage

42. Soil erosion is a common problem on river banks. To prevent this problem from occurring, trees are often planted along the river bank. Which statement best explains how this helps prevent erosion? a. The roots of the trees hold the soil together. b. The falling leaves act as compost and fertilize the soil. c. The tree provides shade and stops the soil from drying out. d. The trunk of the tree acts as a wind barrier.

43. Which of the following is the main force that directly causes the deposition that continually changes the coastline of Texas? a. waves b. plant growth c. solar energy d. geothermal energy

44. In some areas of Texas, rain water quickly moves through layers of rock and is stored naturally underground. The water is then pumped into homes for people to use. What would have the biggest change on the amount of water available to people in this area? a. Long periods of high temperatures b. Below- freezing temperatures for many days c. Very windy conditions d. Long periods without rainfall

45. John was changing the oil on his truck. He dumped the used oil around his yard to keep the weeds from growing. John didn’t know it, but he was hurting the environments because the oil – a. attracts harmful insects. b. goes deep into the ground and pollutes the groundwater. c. covers the weeds so they can do photosynthesis. d. will cause erosion in his yard.

46. A local gardener put fertilizer on his plants. The plants are very healthy, but what is a negative effect the fertilizers have on the environment? a. The fertilizer builds up in the soil and causes more weeds to grow over time. b. The fertilizer is washed into local streams, causing an overgrowth of algae. c. The fertilizer evaporates, causing acid rain to fall on the neighborhood. d. The fertilizer causes an overabundance of producers.

47. A scientist finds an unusual object in a rainforest. She takes it to her lab to be examined. How can she decide whether or not the object is alive? a. If the object contains a green pigment, it is alive. b. If the object contains water, it is alive. c. If the object is made of cells, it is alive. d. If the object moves, it is alive.

48. Your teacher hands out a copy of a laboratory experiment. What is the first thing you should do to conduct the experiment safely? a. Obtain and open any materials described in the experiment. b. Begin heating any materials that will need to be hot. c. Mix your materials with those of another group to save time. d. Read every step of the procedure to make sure you understand it.

49. What is your science teacher’s name? a. Ms. Bronstein b. Mrs. Mills c. Ms. Garcia d. Ms. Noble

50. All of the land that drains into a river and its tributaries is called a a. Water table b. Water shed c. Divide d. Water gap

51. Erosion can be caused by which of the following? a. Wind b. Water c. Ice d. All of the above

52. Which of the following are examples of physical weathering? a. Peeling of paint b. Chipping of glass in a gravel-spattered windshield c. Cracks in a sidewalk d. All of the above

53. Which of the following catastrophic events could a volcano not cause? a. Landslide b. Earthquake c. Wildfire d. Tornado

54. How many different choices should there be at each step of a dichotomous key? a. One b. Two c. Three d. As many as you would like.

55. Plants respond to stimuli like______a. Gravity. b. Temperature changes. c. Light.

56. What is the source of energy for all organisms in the food web? a. The sun b. The mouse c. The grass and seeds d. The oak tree and acorns

57. How many secondary consumers are in this food web? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

58. Which organisms in this food web are primary consumers? a. Mouse and rabbit b. Mouse and hawk c. Coyote and hawk d. Grass and oak tree

59. A plant uses photosynthesis to create and store sugar for itself. If an animal eats that plant, what happens to the sugar inside the plant? a. It is converted into energy by the animal b. It is never seen again c. It is used to create another plant d. It is converted into oxygen by the animal.

60. Which of the following is not responsible for recycling dead organic material? a. Fungi b. Decomposers c. Bacteria d. Trees

61. The smallest level of ecological organization is a. A population b. A community c. An ecosystem d. An individual member of a species

The drawings below represent two species of rabbits.

Rabbit A Rabbit B 62. Why is rabbit A more likely to survive in an Arctic climate than Rabbit B? a. It can find food more easily b. It can absorb more sunlight c. It is not as easy for predators to see d. It is able to retain more body heat

63. In which of the following ways do some bird species, like Canadian geese, react to seasonal changes in temperature? a. They migrate b. They hibernate c. They store body fat d. They lose their feathers

64. The peppered moth exists in both light and dark colors in the United Kingdom, although the darker moths were once far less abundant. But during the industrial revolution many of the trees on which the moths rested became blackened by soot, giving the dark-colored moths an advantage in hiding from predators. As a result, a. Light colored moths began turning darker b. The children of light colored moths were born darker c. Light colored moths became more aggressive in fighting predators d. Dark colored moths had a better chance of surviving to produce dark-colored offspring, and dark moths became more abundant.

65. Which of the following does not affect oceans? a. Oil that drips onto roads and parking lots b. Air pollution, which settles into waterways and oceans c. Topsoil or silt from fields or construction sites d. Groundwater

66. Which of these organisms will be the first to grow on bare rock after a volcanic eruption? a. Shrubs b. Lichens c. Small trees d. Wild flowers 67. More species means a. More food for other animals (more oxygen, too) b. More habitat for different species c. Better chances for survival through adaptation d. More links in food chains/webs and more stability

68. A variety of ecosystems may mean a. More food for other animals (more oxygen too) b. More habitat for different species c. Better chances of survival through adaptation d. More links in food chains/webs and more stability

69. Which of these is always true for organisms that have two parents? a. They receive traits from only one parent b. The receive individual traits from one parent c. They exhibit traits from both parents d. They exhibit recessive traits from both parents

70. Which of the following is an adaptation you might find in a predator? a. Sharp pointed teeth b. Broad flat teeth c. Traveling in a large herd d. A hard protective shell

71. Which of these are found within a chromosome and contain information about particular hereditary traits? a. Genes b. Centromeres c. Ribosomes d. Mitochondria

72. A father has blond hair and a mother has brown hair. Which of these colors of hair are their children most likely to have? a. Blond hair b. Red hair c. Black hair d. Gray hair

73. Which of the following is not a characteristic of Earth that allows life to exist? a. Proximity of the sun b. Presence of water c. Composition of the atmosphere d. Presence of hydro-fluorocarbons

What characteristic of the mice above is an adaptation that increases their fitness? a. How fast they are b. How smart they are c. The darker color d. The lighter color

75. How many of its genes does each offspring receive from its father? a. All b. Half c. One Quarter d. Three Quarters

76. What is not an adaptation that helps a polar bear survive the Arctic’s sub-freezing temperatures? a. Black skin b. Clear, hollow hairs c. Enormous layer of fat d. Large canine teeth

77. Genes control the structure and function of ______a. the brain only b. the entire organism c. the entire circulatory system d. the skeletal system

78. Reptiles use the environment to keep their body temperatures within a healthful range. Which behavior is typical of a reptile that needs to increase body temperature? a. Hiding under a rock b. Digging into sunny sand c. Lying full length on a sunny rock d. Floating in water

79. The dichotomous key shown below can be used to identify birds W, X, Y, and Z.

Bird X is most likely A. Certhidea B. Geospiza C. Camarhynchus D. Platyspiza

Behind the ribs, in the above picture, is a set of organs that allow the body to exchange oxygen for a. Water b. Glucose c. Nitrogen Oxide d. Carbon Dioxide

81. Genes occupy specific locations on _____. a. Cilia b. Flagella c. Ribosomes d. Chromosomes

82. White fur is recessive in mice. If both parents have white fur, what is the likelihood that one of their offspring will have white fur? a. 25% b. 50% c. 75% d. 100% 83. Both the arctic fox and snowshoe hare are examples of mammals with a coat that changes color during the year. In winter their coat is white, and in the summer it turns to various shades of brown. Which of the following best explains this particular adaptation? a. They change color in response to the severe arctic temperatures. b. They change color to allow them to blend in with their surroundings. c. They change color as they grow older. d. They change color depending on the amount of food they have eaten.

84. Jeanette has brown hair and green eyes. What is the name for a segment of DNA that helps determine traits, such as brown hair and green eyes? a. A chromosome b. A nucleic Acid c. A gene d. A ribosome

85. Female elephants prefer mates with larger tusks. According to the principle of natural selection, which of the following will occur over time? a. Female elephants will bear fewer young. b. The preference of female elephants will change c. The less desirable trait will begin to disappear in male elephants. d. Male elephants will begin to fight each other to win mates.

86. Trevor wants to find out how temperature affects plant growth. He thinks that warmer temperatures will promote faster plant growth. Trevor stores four plants of the same type on locations with different temperatures. He controls all the other variables. Trevor records the growth of each plant every week for two months. What is the next step Trevor should take? a. Analyze the data b. Test his hypothesis c. Identify the problem d. Form his hypothesis

87. The picture shows two views of a certain fish.

How does the appearance of this fish most likely help it survive? a. Prey have little chance of seeing this fish as it approaches head-on. b. The head-on view of this fish attracts predators. c. The narrow body allows this fish to live in deeper waters. d. Predators have a hard time seeing the side view of the fish. 88. In order to solve a problem or inquire about an unknown, you should do which of the following? a. Do research b. Make observations c. Do an experiment d. All of the above

89. Which of the following best matches the properties of matter with the tools that can be used to measure them? Property Tool Length Metric ruler Mass Graduated Cylinder Volume Balance Temperature Thermometer Property Tool Length Metric ruler Mass Balance Volume Graduated Cylinder Temperature Thermometer A. B.

Property Tool Length Balance Mass Graduated Cylinder Volume Thermometer Temperature Metric ruler C. D . Property Tool Length Metric ruler Mass Thermometer Volume Graduated Cylinder Temperature Balance

90. What is the correct order of the structures of the body from simplest to most complex? a. tissue, cell, organ, organ system, organism b. cell, organ, tissue, organ system, organism c. organism, cell, tissue, organ, organ system d. cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

91. ______system consists of your heart, your blood vessels, and capillaries. It delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells. a. Excretory b. Carbon c. Fight or Flight d. Respiratory

92.______This is your body’s response to an external life threatening stimulus. Your body will release the hormone adrenaline. e. Excretory f. Carbon g. Fight or Flight h. Respiratory

93. Organic Compounds are ones that contain the element ______. i. Excretory j. Carbon k. Fight or Flight l. Respiratory

94. What acts like a blanket to keep warm moist air surrounding our planet? a. Atmosphere b. Crust c. Space Vacuum d. Moon

95. Which of the following is not necessary to stabilize for space travel? a. Temperature b. Air Pressure c. Atmospheric Gasses d. humidity levels

96. Why is it necessary to have “SUNLIGHT” in the equation shown below?

a. Sunlight uses carbon dioxide and water to make sugar. b. The arrow represents the specific direction of sunlight. c. This process can’t occur without energy from the sun. d. It is not necessary.

97. “Most living things would die if there was not enough sunlight for photosynthesis.” What evidence helps support this claim? a. Most living things need oxygen for survival. b. Most living things need water to survive. c. Most living things need carbon dioxide to survive. d. Most living things make their own food.

98. The way in which carbon is used and re-used in the environment is known as – a. the biotic/abiotic cycle. b. the Carbon cycle. c. the energy pyramid. d. energy recycling. 99 Sarah’s lab group is trying to determine the identity of four unknown . powders. Below is each student’s suggestion about how to test the powders.

Which student's suggestion is the safest way to begin? A Sarah . B. David C. Lena D Kesha .

100. The graph above represents the average monthly rainfall and temperature in Quito, Ecuador. What is the range of the monthly precipitation? A 42.6 cm B 27.80 cm C 30.50 cm D 26.70 cm