Euro-Mediterranean Project Technical File: ENV 4970461

Euro-Mediterranean Project – Technical File: RUE / GEN / No. 01

General information Project title: Mediterranean energy markets appraisal : trends and prospects for new technologies (MEMA) Location Code Area Energy RTD strategy - Global analysis for energy RTD policy options Year of approval 1997 Sector Programme NNE-JOULE C Reference no. JOS3970016

Co-ordinator, partners and suppliers Co-ordinator Observatoire Méditerranéen de l'Energie Address Rue Claude Daunesse, City, post code, country Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, FRANCE Telephone no. 33 492966696 Telefax no. 33 492966699 Contact person Eric Nogaret e-mail [email protected] Partner Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Address Via S. Sofia 27 City, post code, country 30122 Venezia, ITALY Partner European Commission. Institute for Prospective Technological Studies. Address S/N Isla de la Cartuja City, post code, country 41092 Sevilla, SPAIN Partner Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Economie et de Politique de l'Energie (IEPE) (UPR 19) Address BP 47X City, post code, country 38040 Grenoble, FRANCE Main supplier

Aims and objectives The objective of the project is to evaluate the potential of new energy technologies in the Mediterranean basin and to assess their contribution to socio-economic development, to energy trade and security of supply and to the protection of the environment.

Situation of the project  Description: The study involved 4 main tasks : . Task1 : Analysis of institutional and policy aspects and trends for socio-economic and industrial development at medium and long terms. . Task2 : Study of prospects for energy demand supply and trade in the Mediterranean countries (using specific models such as POLES). . Task3 : Market appraisal for new energy technologies and evaluation of the benefits related to their diffusion in the region (economic, social and environmental). . Task4 : Workshop with the industry to discuss the conditions to develop the use of the most promising technologies (future RD, demonstration, market incentives, industrial strategy,...). . Phase of advancement: The project has been completed . Dates of beginning and conclusion: 1997-11-01/ 1999-05-30 . Innovative technology (if foreseen) Not applicable

Open field for photos and graphic material

Evolution of Prim ary Energy Consum ption in the Mediterranean Basin 800 700 600 500 e o

t 400 M 300 200 100 0 1970 1980 1990 1996

North South & East

Results and achievements  Energy saving projects, substitution projects, power production projects: Three scenarios were developed to derive an outlook on the perspectives of energy demand and supply in the region. Environmental concerns, namely the global warming issue, were considered. In this context, the role of energy technologies was especially looked at. The scenarios are: the reference case scenario, the sustainability case and the carbon case Studies were also carried out in this project concerning the market potential of advanced energy technologies in the following sectors :  Oil and gas production and transport technologies  Electricity production (including with renewable energies)  Refining sector  Transport sector  Energy demand in industry  Energy demand in residential/commercial sector These studies indicate the high level potential for new technologies in the Mediterranean countries, although In order to enhance the large deployment of such technologies, a number of actions are needed.  Environmental and social impact: The scenarios enabled to assess the evolution of CO2 emissions in the Mediterranean region at medium to long terms depending on the large scale diffusion of efficient energy technologies. A workshop held in Brussels was attended by more than sixty representatives of energy companies and industrialists. It allowed to present the results of the MEMA project and the proposals for promoting new technologies in the Mediterranean countries.

 Economic data:.

Co-operation data  Role of the partners (host, supplier and key participants): The project was performed by the partners and the energy companies active in the Mediterranean region were informed of the results and invited at the workshop hold in Brussels at the end of the project.  Technology transfer (description of the technology, name of the supplier): Not applicable  Localization of the applied technology: Not applicable  Characteristics of the non-EU area (short description): There was a considerable increase on energy consumption in the Mediterranean countries between 1971 and 1996. For a total increase of 363 Mtoe, 151Mtoe corresponded to South and East Mediterranean countries. This was mainly related to a high development of power generation, which reached 33% of total energy demand, whilst in 1971 its share was only of 19%. The primary energy consumption per capita in the Northern-Mediterranean countries is still more than 3 times bigger than in the Southern countries.

 Relevant aspects of the co-operation (management, technical, economic) The original version of the POLES model did use a highly aggregated modeling of the Southern Mediterranean region. To be able to analyze the energy situation of this region on more detail, a new regional breakdown has been used. The new breakdown used made it necessary to include data for the new regions of the model. These data, such as consumption, capacities, and prices, included very recent information on the energy systems in the countries under concern. Hence, the POLES model is endowed with an up- to-date database, including latest developments and trends.

 Best practices and lessons learned: NA

Potential application

The exploitation of the results of the project follow two main lines. Firstly they will be of direct relevance when defining the priorities for R&D programs taking into account the needs of the whole Mediterranean region. The second contribution is related to market analysis for industry to develop industrial strategies for energy technologies. This will help European industry to have knowledge of the market potential in the Mediterranean region.

General comments The project enabled to have a detailed analysis of the trends for energy supply and demand in the Mediterranean region and to assess the role and market potential for advanced energy technologies.

The use of the study is related to future projects for the diffusion of the most promising technologies in the region.

Contact person for further information Name Eric Nogaret Telephone no. 33 492966696 Telefax no. 33 492966699 Euro-Mediterranean Project – Technical File: RUE / GEN / No. 02

General information Project title: MEDITERRANEAN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION NETWORK (MEDISAT) Location Code Coordination, Cooperation; Legislation, Regulations; Policies Area Information and communication technologies - Information society Year of approval 1997 Sector Programme INCO Reference no. IP961868

Co-ordinator, partners and suppliers Co-ordinator INSTITUT FUR INFORMATIK IN ENTWURF UND FERTIGUNG ZU BERLIN Address 5 Rudower Chaussee - GEB. 13.7 City, post code, country 12484 Berlin GERMANY Telephone no. 49-306392-4508 Telefax no. 49-306392-4517 Contact person Mr. Michael Gey Partner University of Haifa. Graduate School of Business Administration Address Mount Carmel City, post code, country Haifa 31905, ISRAEL Partner Middle East Technical University. Industrial Engineering Department Address ODTU-SIBAREN - Systems Science Research Centre City, post code, country ANKARA 06531, TURKEY Partner University of Ulster at Jordanstown Address Ulster Business School City, post code, country Newtonabbey BT37 OQB, UNITED KINGDOM Partner Fachhoschule Fur Technik Und Wirtschaft Berlin Address 8 Treskowallee City, post code, country 10313 Berlin, GERMANY Main supplier

Aims and objectives The main aim of the MEDISAT project is to encourage scientific and technological co- operation and information exchange between RTD communities in the East Mediterranean Countries (EMC) and the European Union (EU).

The main objectives are:

 To overcome information deficits and to promote co-operation between the EU and the EMC,  To improve information transfer from the EU to the Mediterranean region with special concern to EU’s research policy as well as RTD programmes and funding,  To promote teleworking in the EMC and thus to contribute to the emerging Global Information Society by developing an international information network based on existing state-of-the-art technology and services (Internet, WWW), world-wide accessible for various user communities,  To disseminate relevant know-how and technology and  To establish a "network" of personal contacts.

Situation of the project Main activities involving this project are:  Analysis of current network and information infrastructure in EMC  Development of MEDISAT information concept  Build-up of information contents for the MEDISAT information centres  Development of the MEDISAT information navigator  Installation, test and extension of the network of information centres  Transfer of MEDISAT experiences and training activities

Dates of beginning and conclusion: 1998-01-01 / 1999-12-31

Results and achievements  Environmental and social impact: The project will establish a network of WWW servers and MEDISAT Information Centres in the Mediterranean countries, which give an overview on performance and trends in R&D and industry in the developing countries. The Information Centres will also perform consulting work for prospective customers in the area. For this purpose special data bases and an Internet directory "AriadNe” will be developed in the frame of the project. It is to expect that scientific and technological co-operation and information exchange between RTD communities in the Eastern Mediterranean countries and in the European Union, will increase the share of knowledge in a number of issues leading to intensify relations and development in the Mediterranean region. Economic data: Project Cost: 405.000.00 EURO Project Funding: 300.000.00 EURO

Co-operation data Role of the partners : Initially, partners from 2 Western European countries and 2 Mediterranean countries pooled their local knowledge as Regional Information Centres and experience in promoting the INCO programme in their own countries. Further partners from Malta, Egypt, Jordan and Northen Cyprus have join the network, their main roles in the network involve activities such as:  Acquisition and presentation of existing national RTD information on the Web  Dissemination of relevant information from the European Union (e.g. Fifth Framework Programme - information will be provided by the project coordinator)  Assistance in establishing Euro-Mediterranean Cupertino (e.g. contacts, events, projects) According to the nature of the project the tasks for the EMC partners are similar in the different regions.

Technology transfer : MEDISAT will benefit from experiences the project partners have gathered in thecourse of two COPERNICUS projects The experiences and Results will be used and adapted to the specific situation in the EMC. An analysis of the current situation and needs, the design of the services, creation of information content and availability and configuration of software, and hardware, providing access as well as training different user groups are major topics of the project. Target groups will be scientists from different specialities, students, secondary schools, smes, managers and representatives from administration.

Localisation of the applied technology: This co-operation platform started initially with two countries in the region (Israel and Turkey), an extension, after the completion of first phase, was adopted toward other EM countries as: Cyprus, Egypt, Jordan and Malta.

Characteristics of the non-EU area (short description): This project concerns Israel, Turkey, Malta, Egypt, Jordan and Northern Cyprus. Public telecommunication services in the region are provided by state agencies and are very heterogeneous. They differ from one country to the other. Arab states have an average of 4 main telephone lines per 100 inhabitants, which is almost 10 times less than the average in industrialised Mediterranean countries, such as Israel and Turkey. On the other hand, over the last decade Egypt and Jordan had among others the highest growth rates in the number of main telephone lines in the world.

Relevant aspects of the co-operation : The establishment of RTD information centres and telework facilities will stimulate co- operation among scientists, researchers and technology users (especially SMEs) in the EU and Eastern Mediterranean. Dedicated courses will be developed for different user groups, such as students, scientists from various fields, secondary schools, SMEs, managers and administration. Best practices and lessons learned : The different non EU countries from the Mediterranean region, while introducing the Internet services, face challenges such as for instance:  The networking environment should be fully open to the rest of the world, an aspect not completely accepted in all the societies of the region.  The various Internet applications need to be arabised with a standard code, this procedure is expected to require some time to be adopted.  There is a need to help users in selected subjects to navigate in a structured way through the enormous information space.

Potential application The project expects to contribute to the emerging global information society and as such it can be active in the promotion of networking in the region

General comments MEDISAT is a project promoted by the European Commission within the Fourth Framework Programme. The project is understood to continue the work of the projects ESATT and INDIS, which in the last years established a comparable network in Central and Eastern Europe.

Contact person for further information Name Mr. Michael Gey Telephone no. 49 (030) 6392 4508 Telefax no. 49 (030) 6392 4517 E-mail: [email protected] Euro-Mediterranean Project – Technical File: RUE / GEN / No. 03

General information Project title: Agriculture and urbanisation in the Mediterranean Region: enabling policies for sustainable use of soil and water Location Code Coordination, Cooperation; Legislation, Regulations; Policies Area Sustainable management of renewable natural resources - Policy research Year of approval 1998 Sector Programme INCO Reference no. IC18980268

Co-ordinator, partners and suppliers Co-ordinator Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerrannéennes. Department: Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo Address Via Orabona, 4 City, post code, country 70125 Bari ITALY Telephone no. 39-0805460347 Telefax no. 39-0805460348 Contact person Mr. Dino Borri Partner Umeä Universitet. Department of Political Science - Faculty of Social Sciences Address Västerbottens län City, post code, country Umeå 901 87 SWEDEN Partner Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Meditérranéenes Address 11 rue Newton City, post code, country 75116 Paris, FRANCE Partner University of Durham. Department of Geography Address South Road City, post code, country Durham DH1 3LE UNITED KINGDOM Partner Ernst Reuter Center for Urban Studies. Faculty Of Political Sciences Address City, post code, country 06590 Cebeci – Ankara, TURKEY Partner Université Mohammed V. Centre d'Etudes Stratégiques - Faculté de Droit Address Boulevard de Nations Unies, PO Box 721 City, post code, country 10100 Rabat, MOROCCO Partner Institut National d'Aménagement et d'Urbanisme Address Hay Ryad - Secteur 20 City, post code, country Rabat, MOROCCO Partner Ministère de l'Agriculture. Direction des Sols Address 17 Rue Hédi Karray, PO Box 10 City, post code, country 2049 Ariana TUNISIA Partner Universidad de Alicante. Departamento Ciencias de la Tierra y Medio Ambiente Address S/N San Vicente del Raspeig City, post code, country 03690 : Alicante SPAIN Partner Università degli Studi di Firenze. Department of Agricultural and ForestEconomics Address 18 P/le delle Cascine City, post code, country 50144 Firenze, ITALY Partner Ministère de l'Equipement et de l'Habitat. Direction Générale de l'Habitat Address Avenue Habib Chrita City, post code, country 1002 Tunis, TUNISIA Partner University of the Aegean. Laboratory of Environmental Planning. Department of Environmental Studies Address 30 Voulgaroktonou Street City, post code, country Athens 114 72 GREECE Partner Politecnico di Bari. Istituto di Ingegneria per l'Ambientee il Territorio - Facolta' di Ingegneria Address 8 Viale del Turismo City, post code, country 74100 Taranto, ITALY Partner Università degli Studi di Sassari. Nucleo Ricerca Desertificazione. Dipartimento di Scienze Zootecniche Address 9 Via Enrico de Nicola City, post code, country 07100 Sassari, ITALY Partner Associação Terras Dentro Address Rua Rossio de Pinheiro City, post code, country 7090 Alcáçovas, PORTUGAL Partner Prof. Dr. SOZEN Nur Address Address: Ilkyerlesim Mah. City, post code, country Batikent – Ankara, 06370 TURKEY Partner Planning Authority. Environmental Management Unit Address St. Francis Ravelin, PO Box 200 City, post code, country CMR 01 Valletta, MALTA Partner Institut de recherche sur le Maghreb Contemporain Address 20 Rue Mohamed Ali Tahar City, post code, country 1002: Tunis, TUNISIA Partner Politecnico di Bari. Dipartimento di Architettura e Urbanistica Address 4 Via E. Orabona City, post code, country 70125Bari, ITALY Partner Centre National du Machinisme Agricole, du Génie Rural, des Eaux etdes Forêts. Division Irrigation. Groupement de Montpellier Address 361 Rue J.F. Breton, BP 5095 City, post code, country 34033 Montpellier, FRANCE Partner Université Mohammed V. Unité de Formation et de Recherches Environmentales - Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines Address PO Box 1040 City, post code, country 10100 Rabat, MOROCCO

Aims and objectives  The general objective is to connect and co-ordinate the ongoing and future research efforts aiming at a sustainable use of natural resources – in particular soil and water- in the Mediterranean region, in the context of urbanisation processes and their interdependency with agricultural and industrial activities. Furthermore, the project aims to develop interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary and cross-sectoral scientific approaches to foster scenario building in local-global policies and to verify their feasibility with appropriate private and public stakeholders. Specific objectives are:  To prevent the unsustainable use of natural resources, and mitigate the effects of urbanisation on soil and water use in the Mediterranean region.  To study on how to improve economic productivity of scarce natural resources (soil and water).  To promote research on ecosystem management involving the partnership of private and public stakeholders.  To integrate the use of advanced detection technologies with a close and friendly observation of, and participation in, community processes in order to build scenarios based on adequate knowledge, helping concerted and feasible urbanisation/agriculture policies.  To establish a sustainable data base link through electronic networks and a CD-ROM on the use of natural resources in the Mediterranean region in order to couple economic and biophysical data as a support to eco-systemic research and socio-political awareness.

Situation of the project  Description (Phases or foreseen development) The examination of the objectives and the outline of related scenarios will be jointly carried out by policy makers from Mediterranean region and researchers in different disciplines from South Mediterranean region and EU countries, aiming at building policies consistent with: sustainability in use of natural resources, complementarity between urbanisation and agriculture, local economic and cultural identity preservation especially in tourist and coastal zones. After a preliminary stage of exchanging and structuring ideas on relevant local problems, three research meetings will be organized, scenarios will be built, training stages on data collection and analysis will be carried out, and concerted activities will be promoted among partners, highlighting local/global agreements and conflicts on environmental decisions and actions. The last stage will consist in making data, information, and results of concerted actions, exchangeable and comparable among partners, also using for this purpose management information systems. In all stages, meta-analytical, communicative, social learning approaches, and in particular the “soft approaches” recently emerging from the Operations Research field, including problem structuring methods, futures studies and sensitivity analysis, will be used in integration with harder methods and techniques stemming from cognitive science and information technology, including Intelligent and Multimedia Systems, Space-temporal monitoring systems and GISs .

 Phase of advancement: The project progresses according to schedule and has completed one quarter of its foreseen activities. The following activities are envisaged for being carried out during year 2000:

 Initiate an electronic network for information exchange with other Concerted Actions and research teams.  Organising a one week advanced training course on data collection and analysis carried out.  Organising cross-sectoral meeting and building scenarios on "Interdependency between Agriculture and Urbanisation"  Starting the production of database links, WWW dissemination and Info-Newsletter.

 Dates of beginning and conclusion: 1998-10-01 to 2002-09-30  Innovative technology (if foreseen): Not applicable  Supplier Country, town: NA

Results and achievements The project is expected to bring a number of scientific-technical results  Increase knowledge of scenario building techniques for sustainable use of soil and water resources among policy makers and other actors;  Spread knowledge about sustainable ways for meeting the emerging demands of urbanization and agricultural production.  Contribute to better analyses and monitoring of soil and water quality changes in urban fringes by networking and promotion of general management information systems’ abilities.  Promote models of integrated community-environment framework of self-sustainable socio-economic development.  Collaborate to redress the soil and water environmental decay, by potentially improving the quality of management of ongoing changes of ecosystems in the buffer zone urban land-agricultural land.  Influence on future change of agricultural production, according to the new policy guidelines and technology advancements induced by this project in the long run;  Contribute to adapt urban landscapes on the urban fringes to new policy and planning guidelines aimed at protecting rural and natural spaces;  Promote a stable and inter-active Mediterranean network involving both researchers and public and private stakeholders; management of information needs by Intelligent and Multimedia Systems, spatio-temporal monitoring systems and GISs.

 Economic data Co-operation data  Role of the partners (host, supplier and key enablers) The examination of a number of issues such as: Interdependency between urbanisation and agriculture; development of tourism and coastal zone management; opportunities for sustainable economic growth, and the outline of related scenarios will be jointly carried out by policy makers from Mediterranean region and researchers in different disciplines from South Mediterranean region and EU countries, aiming at building policies consistent with sustainability in use of natural resources, complementarity between urbanisation and agriculture, local economic and cultural identity preservation especially in tourist and coastal zones.

 Technology transfer (description of any technology interchange) A number of instruments are expected to increase the interchange of know-how between the participants, these will include:  Electronic networking for information exchange with other concerted actions and research teams.  One week advanced training course on data collection and analysis.  Organisation of a number of cross-sectoral meeting and building scenarios on subjects such as: “Interdependency between Agriculture and Urbanisation”, “The Development of Tourism and Coastal Zone Management” and “Opportunities for Sustainable Growth in the Context of Economic Globalisation and Progressive Emergence of Euro-Med Free Trade Zone”.  Organisation of a Workshop with representatives of local community decision-makers to discuss and test theme scenarios and MISs: documentation on agreed outcomes.  The production of database links, WWW dissemination and Info-Newsletter.  The production of a CD-ROM for diffusion and dissemination of the concerted action main results.

 Characteristics of the non-EU area (short description):  Relevant aspects of the co-operation (management, technical, economic): The high number of participants in the action: 8 organisations from 4 non EU countries participate in this project (Malta, Morocco, Tunisia and Turkey) jointly with nine organisations based in seven different EU member states

 Best practices and lessons learned : NA

It is considered soon to make statements on this issue, since the project is not yet sufficiently advanced

General comments

The project is still ongoing

This Concerted Action will address and identify policy research options on three main interrelated and cross-sectoral issues, all bearing upon the sustainable use and management of natural resources, with emphasis on soil, water and coastal zones. The approach chosen is a multidisciplinary and transectoral one, as it was considered the most appropriate to promote co-operative research programmes in order to tackle problems such as: high rate of urbanisation, predominant agricultural activities, increasing environmental problems affecting fragile ecosystems. The former aspects are coupled with the specific need and efforts towards integrated strategies in order to favour job creation, especially in the fields of tourism, services and the manufacturing industry. The project activities will therefore focus on: - Interdependency between urbanisation and agriculture - The development of tourism and coastal zone management - Opportunities for sustainable economic growth in the context of economic globalisation and the progressive emergence of a Mediterranean Free Trade Zone.

Contact person for further information Name Mr. Dino Borri Telephone no. 39-80-546.03.47 Telefax no. 39-80-546.03.48 E-mail: [email protected] Euro-Mediterranean Project – Technical File: RUE / GEN / No. 04

General information Project title: Modelling sustainable regional development in the European information society Location Code Environmental Protection; Meteorology; Safety Area Human dimensions of environmental change - Economic and socialresponses to environmental problems - towards sustainable development Year of approval 1998 Sector Programme ENV 2C Reference no. ENV4970461

Co-ordinator, partners and suppliers Co-ordinator Umweltforschungszentrum Leipzig-HalleGmbH, Arbeitsgruppe Regionale Zukunftsmodelle Address 15 Permoser Strasse Postfach 2 City, post code, country 04318 Leipzig, GERMANY Telephone no. 49-341-2352282 Telefax no. 49-341-2352796 Contact person Wolf-Dieter GROSSMANN Email: [email protected] Partner Diputación General de Aragón, Unidad de Economia Agraria Address :PO Box 727 City, post code, country 50080 Zaragoza, SPAIN Partner Université de Neuchâtel, Institut de Recherche Economique et Regionale Address 7 Pierre-à-Mazel City, post code, country 2000 Neuchâtel, SWITZERLAND Partner University of Birmingham, Centre for Urban and Regional Studies Address Edgbaston PO Box 363 City, post code, country Birmingham B15 2TT, UNITED KINGDOM Partner Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Institute for Urban and Regional Research Address 2 Dr.-Ignaz-Seipel-Platz, Postfach 7 - 4 - 2 City, post code, country 1010 WIEN, AUSTRIA Partner Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Centre for Urban and Regional Studies Address Technion City City, post code, country Haïfa 32000, ISRAEL Main supplier

Aims and objectives Main objective is to understand present transition to information society in a way, which allows considerable benefits for the environment and a considerable progress towards becoming more sustainable

The proposed project consists in developing a general model, either as a theory and applicable at case studies, for integrated sustainable regional development in the information society regarding the process of structural change and the environmental situation in Europe. This model refers to the aspects of change from an industrial to an information society according to the so-called Bangemann Report to the Commission.

The system model evaluates the complex interdependencies of economic, social, ecological and cultural structures within a region. The project wants to compare that complexity in different regional case studies over Europe and to concentrate on the best practice for integrating sustainability. The application of this general model is another practical research task for each project team partner .

All results and discussions in the project allocate high relevance to the EU - environment and regional development policies (Policy implications). What political consequences do have technological changes by information technologies for sustainable development? Can the model and the case studies bring some implications for local, national or European policies? Another special aim of the project is to look at the complex system and interdependencies of these policies and their impacts on the environmental and economic situation of different European regions

Situation of the project  Phases: The research consists of three interlinked parts:

1. Elaboration of the systems model. The model represents the theoretical framework and allows evaluating it for more successful applications in case studies for integrated sustainable regional development in the information society taking into account the structural change and the environmental situation in Europe.

2. Further elaboration of a set of key issues for regional development in the information society; issues which determine the evolutionary future of a region. These key issues are the base of a pool of options which describe how to improve regional developments and which allow to overcome bottlenecks which impede successful development.

3. Build a collection of rules how to use the method of so-called "Cross Catalytical Networks" (CCNs) for structuring regional development to improve the likelihood of success. Finally the work group will summarise the results and will provide information on some policy implications concerning issues highly relevant to the EU - environment and regional development policies.

 Status of advancement: One result of work with the modelling approach is a set of "25 key issues that determine the evolutionary future of a region", another is a collection of rules how to use the method of so-called "Cross Catalytical Networks" (CCNs) for structuring regional development to improve the likelihood of success. The partners were invited to apply both, the 25 key issues and the CCN-method to their region to support their regions in evolving towards a favourable future (in the information society). Afterwards the research partners compared their results from those six different regional case studies over Europe to benefit from the differences and also to allow to apply insights and results from one project site to all others. This is the precondition to develop examples of best practice for integrating sustainability with the new, information based economy acting as a driving force.

 Dates of beginning and conclusion: 1998-02-01 / 2000-01-31  Innovative technology (if foreseen): NA 

Results and achievements  Energy saving projects, substitution projects, power production projects: More sustainable use of resources will also reduce energy requirements. The project is deemed to help to identify sustainable policies. Its contribution to a more rational use of energy can not be quantified.  Environmental and social impact: The project wants to develop a general model for sustainability as well as to research real life examples from regional development processes in Europe The formation of a socially and environmentally friendly information society might only be possible within a window of opportunity of ten more years. The reason is: Once the development of the information-based economy has reached phase 4, this economy enters the political power centres and becomes satisfied, enormously large and slow. The present development is in phases 2 to 4. Lot of inventions and innovation appear in every sector of the new economy (phase 2). In some sectors a very rapid and massive expansion (phase 4) takes places. When these sectors and the acting companies are shifting towards production of large volume, no longer innovative and competition is considerable (phase 5). Transit from phase 2 to 5 may take about 20-30 years, or perhaps just 10-15 years because in some sectors the cycle of evolution is becoming faster. Nevertheless, the more we move towards phase 4, the less we have the time to change things without enormous amount of (financial) power. A western model is needed of an environmentally and socially friendly information society with new products and services which are intense in information and use very little resources and energy. Such a model must be conveyed very early and very soon to developing nations. A time span of just 10 years seems to exist because the development of the information based economy at present is in the phases new e2 to new e4; the main development may be in phase new e2. The further development from phase 2 to 4 needs 3 more years to complete phase 2, 7 years to pass phase 3 and then it is mainly in phase 4.

 Economic data Investment (foreseen and real) in EURO, EC funding, Pay back

Co-operation data  Role of the partners (host, supplier and key enablers): The project group improves the state of the art of dynamic system models that link the social, ecological and economic aspects for the task of sustainability. The model will be translated and expanded to become suitable to quite different situations and problems in the regions of all project partners.

The partners all have different strength and work in regions with different backgrounds and history. The project aims to combine those strengths and to find those approaches that work in most regions. During the project regional actors (e.g. local politicians, entrepreneurs and citizens) are invited to discuss about the application and results of this comprehensive approach to regional and urban development for a more environmentally favourable future

 Technology transfer (description of the technology, name of the supplier): A starting point is the ISIS model developed by the project coordinator. This model will be translated and expanded to become suitable to quite different situations and problems in the regions of all project partners.  Localisation of the applied technology: NA  Characteristics of the non-EU area (short description): The sole non EU area involved in this study is Israel  Relevant aspects of the co-operation (management, technical, economic) It should enable decision-makers to formulate an elaborated and advanced common strategy for their regional sustainable development  Best practices and lessons learned : A comprehensive system has become available for dramatic improvement of sustainability with the new, information based economy. The system includes models, results of analysis and case studies as well as experiences from applications in companies and regions. The system still needs considerable elaboration and refinement, but this much has become obvious: There is a huge opportunity to combine creation of new jobs in the information-based economy with the solution of main problems in the field of environment and of global change.

People are the limiting factor. Thus, everything, that increases the education of key people increases the speed of transition into the information society. Thus, the most instrumental of the 25 key issues are those that invite or ignite people to become key people.

 Employment observations: Lack of key people, due to whatever reasons, limits the economic growth

Development of the information society in Europe is changing the economy, work and lifestyles. Developing countries mimic the Western development path. A Western model is needed of an environmentally and socially friendly information society with new products and services which are intensive in information and use very little resources and energy. Such a model must be conveyed very early and very soon to developing nations.

General comments The fifth Action Programme "Towards Sustainability" adopted in 1992, proposes a new strategy for the environment and sustainable development. As such it may seek to bring about changes in current trends and practices that are harmful for the environment, by directing measures primarily at the economic sectors and actors, such as industry, energy, transport, agriculture and tourism. This research project wants to bring together the issues of the environment and an approach towards sustainable development.

Contact person for further information Name Wolf-Dieter GROSSMANN Telephone no. 49-341-2352282 Telefax no. 49-341-2352796 Euro-Mediterranean Project – Technical File: RUE / GEN / No. 05

General information Project title: The relationship between sectoral policies and agricultural water use in Mediterranean countries Location Code Coordination, Cooperation; Legislation, Regulations; Policies Area Sustainable management of renewable natural resources - Policy research

Year of approval 1998 Sector Water management Programme INCO-DC Reference no. IC18970165

Co-ordinator, partners and suppliers Co-ordinator European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS) Address S/N Isla de la Cartuja City, post code, country 41092 Sevilla, SPAIN Telephone no. 34 95 4488458 Telefax no. 34 95 4488235 Contact person Adeline Kroll, [email protected] Partner Instituto Superior Técnico, Departamento de Engenharia Civil (IST) Address Av. Rovisco Pais City, post code, country 1096 Lisboa, PORTUGAL Partner Analistas Socio-Politicos - Gabinete de Estudios SL. Environmental Policies Research Team Address 31 4-A Ferraz City, post code, country 28008 Madrid, SPAIN Partner The Agricultural Research Organisation (ARO) - The Volcani Centre. Institute of Soils and Water Address PO Box 6 City, post code, country Bet Dagan 50250 ISRAEL Partner Istanbul Bilgi University (IBU) International Relations Department Address 28 Inonu Cad.Kustepe City, post code, country Tr-80310 Sisli Istanbul TURKEY Partner Blue Plan Regional Activity Centre Address 15 Rue Ludwig van Beethoven City, post code, country 06560 Valbonne FRANCE Partner Università degli Studi della Tuscia. (UDT) Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale Address Via S. Camillo de Lellis City, post code, country 01100 Viterbo ITALY Partner Agricultural Economic Research Institute (AERI) Address Nadi el Said Street City, post code, country Dokki – Cairo, 11511 EGYPT Main supplier NA

Aims and objectives This project seeks to contribute to the sustainable management of water resources in Mediterranean countries through integrated, multi-disciplinary planning. Its general objective is to identify the policy factors that encourage farmers to use large quantities of water in five Mediterranean countries.

The first phase of the project aims at providing the background analysis required for integrated decision making at the government level in agricultural water management. The second phase will indicate how the sectoral policy of the European Commission or donor organisations does, or could, influence agricultural water use.

Objectives:

1. Investigate the full range of sectoral policies, which directly or indirectly influence agricultural water demand in seven Mediterranean countries; 2. Prepare a series of "horizontal" studies, analysing salient sub-themes related to policy and agricultural water use; 3. Assess the feasibility of introducing policy modifications to improve the efficiency of water consumption in the agricultural sector; 4. Provide results and tools which allow E.U. and national/regional policy-makers to take concrete steps towards sustainable water management in the agricultural sector; 5. Promote the use of inter-disciplinary approaches to problem-solving in the region; 6. Increase regional collaboration in research related to water resource management

Situation of the project Main project phases are:

A) Understanding and analysis of the present influence of sectoral policies on agricultural water use in the Mediterranean National studies on six Mediterranean countries: Portugal, Israel, Turkey, Spain, Italy, and Egypt and an overview of the Mediterranean countries were concluded. The following questions were approached by each country:

I. Agricultural water use, description and context (agricultural systems, irrigation and drainage development, water users, impact of agriculture on water resources); II. Organisation of water management and water in agriculture; institutional and economic aspects (organisation, available regulatory means, socio-economic aspect) III. Present irrigation performance: efficiency of water use IV. Impact of past and current agricultural policies on agricultural water use (agricultural policy and its consequences on water used by agriculture, EU agricultural policy and GATT); V. Impact of other relevant policies on agricultural water use (regional development, land use planning, other economic sectoral policies, environmental policies); VI. Conclusions (summary of the major expected changes, summary of the main reasons for low efficiency of agricultural water use, perspectives for progress)

B) Studies on factors influencing water use in agriculture in the Mediterranean. Six "horizontal" studies analyze in greater depth some of the most important factors influencing water use in agriculture in the Mediterranean context. Each horizontal topic is analyzed by one team (the task leader mentioned).

I.Water pricing policies (I.Turan - Turkey) II.Impact of agricultural trade policy on water use (S.Adly - Egypt) III.Optimal water use: agronomic and economic considerations (N.Haruvy - Israel) IV.Major donor policies (P.Miran - Unep) V.Relationships amongst different government institutions and social agents regarding water and agricultural policies (B.Alvárez Miranda - Spain) VI.EU policies (F.Nunes Correia - Portugal) The horizontal studies will benefit from specific information acquired in the national case studies

C) Prospective analysis on agricultural water use in the Mediterranean. Involving an assessment of the possible impact of policy changes on agricultural water using a scenario analysis methodology

D) Synthesis

Phase of advancement: Vertical country studies have been concluded. the Country Outline Reports summarising the results of the vertical studies will be soon available. Horizontal studies are expected to initiate shortly although their results will not be available until the end of 2000 Dates of beginning and conclusion: 1998-09-01 / 2001-09-31

Results and achievements

 Environmental and social impact:

The project is still ongoing. Qualitative data and to some extent quantitative data in relation to water contamination from agricultural sources in the region will be reported. Within the context of assessing the impact of irrigation systems in Mediterranean countries, socio-economic and environmental impact of dam structures in those countries will be discussed. Future regular updating of progress results may be followed in (http://polagwat.jrc.es)

 Economic data Total project cost: 779 KEURO EU contribution: 578 KEURO

Co-operation data Role of the partners : Each partner has contributed to the vertical phase through Country Outline Reports. For the horizontal phase, each partner (except Italy) is acting as a team leader for a specific horizontal topic (see list above, section B). . The Scientific Coordinator of the project is the Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS). . The Financial Coordination of the project is Instituto Superior Tecnico from Lisbon. . The Agricultural Res. Organisation is the team leader for the topic on optimal water use: agronomic and economic considerations. . Bilgi University from Istanbul supplies the team leader for the topic on Water pricing policies. . Analistas Socio-Politicos is the Coordinator for the topic on relationships amongst different government institutions and social agents regarding water and agricultural policies . . Plan Bleu (UNEP): is responsible for the methodologies used in the project and for an overall analysis of the project issues at the Mediterranean basin. It is also the leader of the horizontal topic on major donors’ policies). . Viterbo University from Italy may provide the coordination for the topic on landowenership (yet to be decided). . . The Agricultural Economic Res. Institute from Cairo, provides the team leader, responsible for the horizontal topic on the Impact of agricultural trade policy on water use.

Characteristics of the non-EU area (short description): Turkey, Israel and Egypt. Relevant aspects of the co-operation (management, technical, economic) The project encourages the collaboration of institutions from countries in the Mediterranean basin in finding policy tools for solving a common problem derived from wide water usage in agriculture. During the project, team members will make exchange visits to other teams. The purpose of these visits will be to enhance the multi-disciplinarity of the study and to provide insight from a different national perspective. As the participants represent not only a diversity of national backgrounds, but also a diversity of professional expertise, these exchanges, will provide the participants with an opportunity to learn skills which will complement their respective areas of expertise to allow the completion of a more holistic analysis. In general, the exchange visits should be undertaken by young scientists who should gain the most from the experience. Best practices and lessons learned: This project will deliver both scientific results, in the form of reports, and increased levels of scientific capacity in the Mediterranean countries Employment observations: A number of PhD and MScs students are involved in the project.

Potential application Knowledge basis for policy tools in the area of water management and agriculture in the Mediterranean countries.

General comments The greatest demand for water in the Mediterranean, by far, comes from the agricultural sector, accounting for more than 80% of water withdrawals. Furthermore, agriculture has a very specific seasonal demand pattern that is often conflicting with other uses. Since agriculture is the basis of the economy, and of the social fabric, in many parts of the Mediterranean, it must be maintained. However, with increasing demands for water from other users, these countries can no longer afford to devote such a large amount of their water resources to this sector. The governments in the region are well aware of their water problems and most have started addressing the issue. However, their attention is generally focussed on possibilities for augmenting supply with engineering works. Less frequently do water managers consider other alternatives issues, such as water re-use, water pricing and other policy issues. If they do so, they tend to remain within the limits of the "water sector" per se. In other words, which manages the capture, storage, and supply of water to users. However, policy in other sectors may have an equally strong impact on the farmers' decisions, yet this has received almost no attention.

Contact person for further information Name Adeline Kroll Telephone no. 34 95 4488-458 Telefax no. 34 95 4488-235 Email [email protected]