Heredity and Cells Test Study Guide

Define the following terms: 1. organelle – one of the parts inside a cell

2. trait – a feature, quality or characteristic

3. heredity – the passing of traits from one generation to the next

4. genetic trait – a trait that was passed down from a parent through heredity

5. environmental trait – a trait that is determined after birth by where you live, choices you make, etc.

6. Unicellular – an organism made of one cell

7. Multicellular – an organism made of many cells

8. Tissue – a group of cells that perform a similar function

Fill in the blanks with the correct terms. 9. The cell organelle that is important to determining our traits is the nucleus because it is where our 46 chromosomes are found.

10. We have 46 chromosomes because 23 come from our mother and 23 come from our father .

11. Chromosomes are made up of DNA, which has sections called genes that determine our traits.

12. All living things are made of cells .

13. Similar cells groups together to form tissues, tissues grouped together form organs , and many organs form organ systems.

Short Answer – Answer each question as detailed as possible. 14. Give three examples of genetic traits. There are many! Some examples could be hair color, eye color and height.

15. Give three examples of environmental traits. There are many! Some examples could be language, favorite food and favorite sport.

16. Explain why it is possible to have many traits in common with one sibling but have very few traits in common with another sibling. Both you and your sibling’s genetic traits come from your parents, but it is chosen randomly. If you and a sibling happen to inherit many similar traits from your parents, you will have a lot in common. However, if you and a sibling happen to inherit different traits from your parents, you will not have a lot in common. 17. Explain why it is possible to have similar traits to your grandparents or great-grandparents. Your genetic traits are passed on from your parents. Your parents’ genetic traits are passed on from their parents, which would be your grandparents. If the same traits are passed on from grandparent to parent to you, there would be similarities between you and your grandparents.

18. Everyone’s DNA is determined by the same four bases; however, no two people have identical DNA. How is this possible? The different pattern/order of the bases is what makes everyone have different traits.

19. What are the five things all cells do? All cells grow, get nutrients/food, reproduce, remove waste, and die.

20. Give two examples of a unicellular organism. Bacteria, amoeba, paramecium, euglena, algae

21. Give two examples of a multicellular organism. Plants, animals, humans

22. What are four types of cell found in the human body? Nerve, blood, bone, and fat cells

23. Give an example of something not related to the human body that is organized similar to the organization of our body in terms of cells, tissues, organs and organ systems. Students – class – grade level – house – EWA People – town – county – state – country Letter – word – sentence – paragraph - story