Chapter 37: World War II

2. The height of Japanese atrocity in China was reached at the rape of(p. 1034) a. Beijing. b. Shanghai. c. Hong Kong. d. Nanjing. e. Manchukuo.

3. The Guomindang during World War II was(p. 1034) a. an Asian economic organization. b. a Japanese government that ruled the Philippines. c. the resistance government of the Chinese versus Japan’s invasion of China. d. the resistance government of Korea versus Japan’s invasion of Korea. e. an Asian political action group in the United States that campaigned against discrimination versus Asians.

4. The Tripartite Pact brought together(p. 1035) a. England, France, and the Soviet Union. b. China, England, and the United States. c. Germany, Italy, and Japan. d. England, the Soviet Union, and the United States. e. Germany, Italy, and Austria.

5. The German and Italian fascists used which war as an excuse to intervene and gain valuable military experience? pp. 1035–1036) a. Russian Civil War b. Ethiopian Civil War c. Czechoslovakian Civil War d. Algerian Civil War e. Spanish Civil War

6. The weakness of the League of Nations was revealed in its inability to take any substantial action in response to the Italian invasion of(p. 1036) a. Czechoslovakia. b. Ethiopia. c. Austria. d. Egypt. e. Switzerland.

8. In 1938, Germany sent troops into what country and forced its leaders to accept the Anschluss? (p. 1036) a. the Rhineland b. Poland c. France d. Austria e. Czechoslovakia

9. The high point of appeasement was(p. 1037) a. the Munich Conference. b. the signing of the Nazi-Soviet Pact. c. the German invasion of Poland. d. Germany sending troops into the demilitarized Rhineland. e. the Washington Conference.

10. In the wake of the Munich Conference, what leader proposed that the meeting had ensured “peace in our time”? a. Winston Churchill. b. Adolf Hitler. c. Benito Mussolini. d. Neville Chamberlain.

12. The European part of World War II began with the (p. 1038) a. Soviet invasion of Romania. b. Polish invasion of Germany. c. German invasion of Poland. d. German takeover of Austria. e. Munich Conference.

13. The German blitzkrieg referred to(p. 1038) a. an elaborate series of concrete bunkers built on the experiences of World War II. b. the Nazi plan for a Final Solution to the Jewish Question. c. the living space in the east that was necessary for an expanding Germany. d. a lightning war. e. the German representative assembly that voted Hitler into power.

14. After the fall of France in 1940, the only country left to fight Germany was(p. 1039) a. Britain. b. the United States. c. the Soviet Union. d. Italy. e. Norway.

15. In the Battle of Britain the Germans hoped to defeat the English(p. 1039) a. through a massive naval invasion of Scotland. b. through their secret alliance with the Irish. c. almost solely through air attacks led by the Luftwaffe. d. through simultaneous attacks launched from Norway and France. e. using their vast advantage in submarine warfare.

16. Operation Barbarossa was(p. 1039) a. the British plan for a counter invasion of Germany. b. the German plan for an invasion of France through Belgium. c. the Polish operation designed to steal the secret German code machine. d. the German plan for an invasion of the Soviet Union. e. the American plan for a landing at Normandy in northern France.

19. The Japanese goal in the bombing of Pearl Harbor was(p. 1041) a. to be the first step in a planned invasion of the United States. b. to draw the Americans away from fighting the Germans in Europe. c. to permanently add Hawai`i to the Japanese empire. d. to weaken the United States and establish a defensive Japanese perimeter in the Pacific. e. to implement the Final Solution.

20. “Asia for Asians” was the slogan of the(p. 1042) a. Japanese. b. Chinese. c. Indians. d. Vietnamese. e. Koreans.

21. The Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere was designed by(p. 1042) a. The United States. b. Germany. c. China. d. England. e. Japan.

22. The key to the Allied victories in Europe and Asia was(p. 1043) a. industrial capacity. b. the creation of the atomic bomb. c. a better group of generals. d. the complete agreement on all issues between the British, Soviets, and Americans. e. convincing Japan to change sides.

23. The first large-scale defeat for Germans forces in World War II was(p. 1044) a. the Normandy invasion. c. Verdun. d. Stalingrad. e. Midway.

25. The U.S. victory in the Pacific that turned the tide against the Japanese was(p. 1044) a. Pearl Harbor. b. Guam. c. Midway. d. Iwo Jima. e. Okinawa.

27. In the Battle of Okinawa the Japanese introduced(p. 1044) a. their own unsuccessful atomic weapon. b. the V-1 rocket. c. a new and particularly lethal poison gas. d. kamikaze pilots. e. a new, more devastating model of submarine that effectively ended the U.S. policy of island-hopping.

28. During the Battle of Okinawa, (p. 1044) a. the Okinawans took the opportunity to rebel against their Japanese oppressors. b. the United States suffered a devastating defeat that almost cost them the entire war. c. the United States introduced its own variety of the V-1 rocket. d. the United States was able to seize 90 percent of Vietnam. e. over one-hundred-thousand Okinawan civilians died refusing to surrender.

29. The Japanese finally surrendered in August 1945(p. 1046) a. in response to the surrender of Germany. b. after the emperor resigned and a republic was established. c. after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. d. after the American landing at Kyushu. e. after the Soviet landing at Okinawa.

35. The largest of the Nazi death camps was(p. 1053) a. Treblinka. b. Kulmhof. c. Belzec. d. Majdanek. e. Auschwitz.

36. Comfort women were(p. 1054) a. members of the WAVES (Women Appointed for Volunteer Emergency Service). b. American women who took over men’s work during the course of World War II. c. Korean and Chinese women forced into prostitution by the Japanese. d. German spies sent to infiltrate Allied nations. e. wealthy women who received the title as an insult because of their refusal to assist in the war effort.

37. Eighty percent of the comfort women in World War II were(p. 1054) a. Japanese. b. Russian. c. American. d. Chinese. e. Korean. 38. Around how many million people perished during World War II? (p. 1056) a. twelve b. seventeen c. twenty-two d. twenty-seven e. sixty

40. The U.S. interventionist plan for containing communism was known as the(p. 1058) a. Marshall Plan. b. Roosevelt Doctrine. c.Stalin Encirclement. e. Truman Doctrine.

41. The Marshall Plan was(p. 1058) a. the U.S. plan for the final defeat of Germany through an invasion at Normandy. b. the code name for the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941. c. the secret United States code during World War II. d. a U.S. financial plan to rebuild Europe and stop Soviet expansion. e. the official name for the Final Solution.

43. NATO was designed to (p. 1058) a. destroy the largest Soviet tanks. b. be a regional military alliance against Soviet aggression. c. act as a counterbalance against the Soviet-dominated United Nations. d. break the Japanese code during World War II. e. tie the new communist nations of eastern Europe together against American attack.

44. At a meeting of fifty nations at San Francisco in 1945, (p. 1059) a. Germany officially signed the peace treaty ending World War II. b. the Japanese emperor Hirohito was convicted of being a war criminal. c. the Americans and Soviets agreed on the division of Germany. d. the Soviet Union was officially kicked out of the League of Nations. e. the United Nations Charter was signed.

Spanish Civil War ______Francisco Franco______Appeasement______Nazi-Soviet Pact______Blitzkrieg______Lebensraum______Battle of Stalingrad ______D-Day______Mao Zedong______Benito Mussolini______Adolf Hitler______Franklin Roosevelt______Harry Truman______Joseph Stalin______Winston Churchill______Yalta Conference______Pearl Harbor______Battle of Midway______Hiroshima and Nagasaki______United Nations______Marshall Plan______Truman Doctrine______NATO______Warsaw Pact______Discuss the Pacific theater of World War II. What led to the bombing of Pearl Harbor? What were the Japanese goals? What was the height of Japan’s power? What were the turning points?

What were the east Asian roots of the Second World War? What were Japan’s goals? How successful would Japan be in achieving these goals? What were the roots of the antagonism between Japan and the United States?

Discuss the Rape of Nanjing. What were the wartime goals of the Japanese? Why are these atrocities less well known than those perpetrated by the Germans in Europe?

Read the section from Yamaoka Michiko’s account on page 1045 of the dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima. What were the reasons behind the decision to drop the bomb? Were there other options? What role would the existence of the atomic bomb play in the cold war?

Compare and contrast the origins of World War I and World War II. Were there any similarities? Discuss the nature and size of the conflict. Why has World War II been called the “good war”?

What role did the Soviet Union play in the course of World War II and the origins of the cold war? Why did the Soviet-American partnership collapse so quickly? What were the main Soviet goals at the end of World War II?

Examine the origins of the Cold War. What were the essential problems? What events and leaders were crucial in this movement?

What were the consequences of World War II? How destructive was the war? How was the postwar world shaped by the war?

Why were the numerically superior Chinese so easily defeated by the Japanese? Why did the Chinese resistance efforts fail? ______

Note the specific steps taken by Italy and Germany in the 1930s that were in direct violation of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. ______

Why didn't Britain and France object when Hitler and Mussolini violated the peace treaty? What were the consequences of their policy of appeasement? Define appeasement. ______

Describe the strategy of the Blitzkrieg. How were the Germans able to overwhelm continental Europe so quickly? ______

What was the Japanese purpose in attacking the United States? What was their long-range plan? ______

Compare the occupation policies of Germany and Japan during the war. ______

What factors led to the defeat of the Axis powers in Europe? ______

What factors led to the defeat of the Japan powers in the Pacific? ______

How did the war affect civilian populations, families, and women on the home front? ______