HEALTH AND SOCIAL <19> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2005571458 Authors Siliquini R. Morra A. Versino E. Renga G. Institution (Siliquini, Morra, Versino, Renga) Department of Public Health, University of Torino, Torino, Italy. (Siliquini) Regional Observatory on Addiction, Regione Piemonte, Italy. (Siliquini) Department of Public Health, University of Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Recreational drug consumers: Who seeks treatment? Source European Journal of Public Health. 15(6)(pp 580-586), 2005. Date of Publication: Dec 2005. Abstract Background: Recreational drug consumption represents a complex issue, because of the lack of a shared definition, settings and patterns of consumptions, and poorness of evidence- based treatments. In spite of the great number of users, just few seek specific treatment, probably representing those at major risk of continuing and problematic use. The general objective of this study was to report the characteristics and main consumption patterns of recreational drug consumers treated in Regione Piemonte (Italy), in order to formulate hypotheses suitable for further research aimed at establishing more effective preventive intervention and treatment. Methods: All addiction treatment services in the region were required to fill in, for each user, a questionnaire reporting: contact of the user with the service, socio-demoghaphic data, drugs consumption and interventions/treatments. Results: Among 441 users, 70.3% were new users, 85.5% were males and the average age of consumption onset was 22 years. Psychiatric and traumatics events were present in 13.3% and in 17.9% of cases, respectively. The most frequent primary substances were cocaine (76.9%) and ecstasy (13.8%). Substances taken in association with primary drug are quoted in 75% of cases. Conclusions: The users that get in touch with services are those showing greater problems, representing, therefore, the main target for preventive public health interventions. Some interesting points can be noted: among patients treated, cocaine represents the main issue; females seem to be more sensitive to recreational drug effects; social class (education), settings and use habits are similar for recreational drugs users and heroin users. copyright The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved. ISSN 1101-1262 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name European Journal of Public Health Volume 15 Issue Part 6 Page 580-586 Year of Publication 2005 Date of Publication Dec 2005

HEALTH AND SOCIAL <51> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2005534158 Authors Smith M.Y. Woody G. Institution (Smith) Purdue Pharma, L.P., One Stamford Forum, Stamford, CT 06901, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Nonmedical use and abuse of scheduled medications prescribed for pain, pain-related symptoms, and psychiatric disorders: Patterns, user characteristics, and management options. Source Current Psychiatry Reports. 7(5)(pp 337-343), 2005. Date of Publication: Oct 2005. Abstract The nonmedical use of scheduled medications commonly prescribed for pain, pain-related symptoms, and psychiatric disorders began rising in the mid-1990s. Physicians are confronted with the dilemma of how to minimize the abuse and diversion potential of these products without compromising access for patients with a legitimate medical need. Using data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, we describe the scope of nonmedical use of opioids, stimulants, and tranquilizers; characteristics of nonmedical users; and options available to reduce abuse liability. In 2003, lifetime prevalence estimates of nonmedical use were 31.2 million for opioids, 20.7 million for stimulants, and 20.2 million for tranquilizers. Nonmedical users of psychotherapeutics were more likely to be Caucasian; use alcohol, cocaine, or heroin; and to use needles to inject drugs than those who reported using illicit drugs only. Sources of diversion are enumerated, and options for minimizing the abuse liability associated with these medications are described. Copyright copyright 2005 by Current Science Inc. ISSN 1523-3812 Publication Type Journal: Review Journal Name Current Psychiatry Reports Volume 7 Issue Part 5 Page 337-343 Year of Publication 2005 Date of Publication Oct 2005

HEALTH AND SOCIAL <76> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2005516822 Authors Emmanuelli J. Desenclos J.-C. Institution (Emmanuelli, Desenclos) Departement Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Veille Sanitaire, St-Maurice, France. (Emmanuelli) Institut de Veille Sanitaire, 12 rue du Val d'Osne, 94415 Saint Maurice Cedex, France. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Harm reduction interventions, behaviours and associated health outcomes in France, 1996-2003. Source Addiction. 100(11)(pp 1690-1700), 2005. Date of Publication: Nov 2005. Abstract Aims: To track the effect of the French harm reduction programme targeted at intravenous drug users (IDUs) and associated health outcomes. Material: Since 1996, we have collected monthly sales of sterile syringes and substitution treatments (buprenorphine high dosage and methadone) sold to IDUs in the 23 000 pharmacies in France and collated these figures in a single data base (SIAMOIS). To this data base we have also added the number of syringes distributed through community associations, as well as methadone treatments prescribed in public drug dependence clinics. Methods: For the period 1996-2003 we analysed syringe sales and prescribed substitution treatments as indicators of access to harm reduction services. We compared variations of these figures over time with trends in health outcome indicators [annual number of fatal overdoses, hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence among intravenous drug users], risk behaviour indicators (rate of syringe sharing or rate of syringe reuse) and legal indicators (heroin and cocaine use-related arrests). Findings: The number of sterile syringes sold or distributed to IDUs increased from 1996 to 1999 (+21%) and then decreased dramatically from 1999 to 2003 (-40%). In 2003, we estimated that more than 100 000 drug users used substitution treatments. Between 1996 and 2003, a decrease in syringe sharing and syringe re-use was observed, HIV prevalence among IDUs decreased from 40% to 20% and HCV prevalence remained high (60-70%). From 1996 to 2003, arrests due to heroin use declined (from 17 328 to 4025) and deaths due to overdoses also decreased (from 465 to 89), whereas arrests for cocaine use increased from 1184 to 2511. Conclusion: Our results indicate that, since 1996 in France, IDUs have had greatly improved access to sterile syringes and substitution treatments. The decrease in syringe sharing and re-use practices and of HIV prevalence during the same time period indicates that the harm reduction policy implemented in France has had a positive impact. However, because of the persistent sharing and re-use of syringes and a remaining high HCV prevalence in IDUs, efforts to facilitate access to sterile syringes must continue, and targeting of at-risk groups must be improved. Behavioural surveys associated with HIV and HCV seroprevalence data are needed to further assess prevention of blood-borne infections among IDUs in France. copyright 2005 Society for the Study of Addiction. ISSN 0965-2140 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Addiction Volume 100 Issue Part 11 Page 1690-1700 Year of Publication 2005 Date of Publication Nov 2005

HEALTH AND SOCIAL <81> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2005516817 Authors Orford J. Templeton L. Velleman R. Copello A. Institution (Orford, Copello) Alcohol, Drugs and Addiction Research Group, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom. (Orford, Copello) Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Trust, Substance Misuse Services, Birmingham, United Kingdom. (Templeton, Velleman) Mental Health R and D Unit, University of Bath/Avon, Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, Bath, United Kingdom. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Family members of relatives with alcohol, drug and gambling problems: A set of standardized questionnaires for assessing stress, coping and strain. Source Addiction. 100(11)(pp 1611-1624), 2005. Date of Publication: Nov 2005. Abstract Aims: To describe a set of standard questionnaire measures for the assessment of the needs of family members of relatives with alcohol, drug or gambling problems, and to present evidence of their reliability and validity from a series of related studies. Design: Includes cross-sectional and repeated-measurement studies. Setting and participants: Family members affected by and concerned about the problem drinking or drug-taking of close relatives in treatment and non-treatment samples in the United Kingdom (white and Sikh) and Mexico City; family members of untreated heavy drinkers; and family members of problem gamblers. Measurements: Four measures derived from a stress-strain-coping-support model of alcohol, drugs and gambling problems and the family: Family Member Impact scale (FMI), Symptom Rating Test (SRT), Coping Questionnaire (CQ), and Hopefulness-Hopelessness scale (HOPE). FMI, SRT and CQ assess stress, strain and coping, respectively. The exact role of HOPE in the model remains to be determined. The support component remains unmeasured. Findings: Results from a number of studies support the internal reliability, discriminant and construct validity and sensitivity to change of the SRT and its two constituent scales (psychological and physical symptoms) and at least two subscales of the CQ (engaged and tolerant-inactive coping). Although showing evidence of satisfactory reliability and some evidence of discriminant validity, further work may be required on the CQ withdrawal coping subscale. Evidence suggests that the FMI is reliable and valid and may have a factor structure that will support future research (distinguishing worrying behaviour from active disturbance). HOPE is a new measure showing promising characteristics. Conclusions: A set of standard measures is available for helping to assess the needs of concerned and affected family members, derived from an explicit model of the family in relation to excessive drinking, drug taking or gambling. It may have a role to play in correcting the current neglect of the needs of such family members, estimated to be in the region of nearly a million adults in Britain alone. copyright 2005 Society for the Study of Addiction. ISSN 0965-2140 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Addiction Volume 100 Issue Part 11 Page 1611-1624 Year of Publication 2005 Date of Publication Nov 2005

HEALTH AND SOCIAL (INTERNATIONAL) <95> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2005483573 Authors Todd C.S. Safi N. Strathdee S.A. Institution (Todd, Strathdee) Division of International Health and Cross-Cultural Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0622, United States. (Safi) National HIV/AIDS Control Program, Ministry of Public Health, Massoud Road, Kabul, Afghanistan. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Drug use and harm reduction in Afghanistan. Source Harm Reduction Journal. 2, 2005. Article Number: 13. Date of Publication: 07 Sep 2005. Abstract Opium has been cultivated in Afghanistan since 1100 A.D., although production has steadily increased since 1979. Currently, Afghanistan produces three-quarters of the global opium supply, with injection drug use and HIV currently following the opium trade route through Central Asia. Although systematic studies are lacking, heroin use appears to be on the rise in Afghanistan. The purpose of this paper is to briefly provide historical background and current statistics for drug production and use in Afghanistan, to discuss the new government's policies towards problem drug use and available rehabilitation programs, and to assess Afghan harm reduction needs with consideration of regional trends. copyright 2005 Todd et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. ISSN 1477-7517 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Harm Reduction Journal Volume 2 Year of Publication 2005 Date of Publication 07 Sep 2005

HEALTH AND SOCIAL <97> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2005483455 Authors Saah T. Institution (Saah) Stanford University School of Medicine, Transplant Immunobiology Laboratory, Stanford, CA, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title The evolutionary origins and significance of drug addiction. Source Harm Reduction Journal. 2, 2005. Article Number: 8. Date of Publication: 29 Jun 2005. Abstract By looking at drug addiction from an evolutionary perspective, we may understand its underlying significance and evaluate its three-fold nature: biology, psychology, and social influences. In this investigation it is important to delve into the co-evolution of mammalian brains and ancient psychotropic plants. Gaining an understanding of the implications of ancient psychotropic substance use in altering mammalian brains will assist in assessing the causes and effects of addiction in a modern-day context. By exploring addiction in this manner, we may move towards more effective treatment early prevention, treating the root of the issue rather than the symptoms. copyright 2005 Saah; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. ISSN 1477-7517 Publication Type Journal: Review Journal Name Harm Reduction Journal Volume 2 Year of Publication 2005 Date of Publication 29 Jun 2005

HEALTH AND SOCIAL (OVERDOSE) <98> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2005483452 Authors Gerevich J. Bacskai E. Farkas L. Danics Z. Institution (Gerevich, Bacskai) Addiction Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary. (Gerevich, Farkas) ELTE University, Faculty of Orthopedagogics, Budapest, Hungary. (Danics) National Institute of Psychiatry, Budapest, Hungary. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title A case report: Pavlovian conditioning as a risk factor of heroin 'overdose' death. Source Harm Reduction Journal. 2, 2005. Article Number: 11. Date of Publication: 25 Jul 2005. Abstract Background: The authors present a case illustrating a mechanism leading directly to death which is not rare but has received little attention. Case presentation: The case was evaluated by autopsy, investigation of morphine concentration in the blood, and clinical data. The heroin dose causing the 'overdose' death of a young man who had previously been treated a number of times for heroin addiction did not differ from his dose of the previous day taken in the accustomed circumstances. The accustomed dose taken in a strange environment caused fatal complications because the conditioned tolerance failed to operate. The concentration of morphine in the blood did not exceed the level measured during earlier treatment. Conclusion: These results are in line with the data in the literature indicating that morphine concentrations measured in cases of drug-related death do not differ substantially from those measured in cases where the outcome is not fatal. A knowledge of the conditioning mechanism can contribute to prevention of fatal cases of a similar type. The harm reduction approach places great stress on preventive intervention based on data related to drug-related death. copyright 2005 Gerevich et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. ISSN 1477-7517 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Harm Reduction Journal Volume 2 Year of Publication 2005 Date of Publication 25 Jul 2005

HEALTH AND SOCIAL / GAMBLING <103> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2005470807 Authors Grant J.E. Steinberg M.A. Institution (Grant) Brown Medical School, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, United States. (Steinberg) Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Guilford, CT, United States. (Grant) Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Avenue, Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Compulsive sexual behavior and pathological gambling. Source Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity. 12(2-3)(pp 235-244), 2005. Date of Publication: 2005. Abstract Because evidence supports phenomenological, clinical, and epidemiological links between pathological gambling and addictive behaviors, understanding the relationship of compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) to pathological gambling may prove helpful in treating individuals with co-occurring addictions. This study investigates the sexual behaviors of 225 adults (mean age +/- SD D 47.3 +/- 11. 0 years; n = 120 [53.3%] females) who met criteria for pathological gambling. Forty-four (19.6%) subjects met criteria for co-occurring CSB. The symptoms of CSB preceded the onset of pathological gambling symptoms in 31 (70-5%) subjects. Men were more likely to have CSB (X² D 4.74; df = 1; p D 0.029). CSB in pathological gamblers appears common, and gamblers should be screened for a co-occurring sexual addiction. Copyright copyright Taylor & Francis, Inc. ISSN 1072-0162 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity Volume 12 Issue Part 2-3 Page 235-244 Year of Publication 2005 Date of Publication 2005

HEALTH AND SOCIAL <104> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2005470806 Authors Power C.A. Institution (Power) Life Enrichment Services, Inc., 2238 Appleby Drive, Wheaton, IL 60187, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Food and sex addiction: Helping the clinician recognize and treat the interaction. Source Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity. 12(2-3)(pp 219-234), 2005. Date of Publication: 2005. Abstract Of the several categories of process addiction - gambling, food, Internet, compulsive shopping, addictive athleticism, workaholism, and sex - two pertain directly to the very existence and continuation of human life: food and sex. Yet very little literature can be found on the recognition and treatment of these two vital processes when they become interactively addictive. This article addresses the need for clinicians to become aware of when food and sex addiction is interacting in a client's life and the need to have some specific methods with which to treat this co-occurring disorder. Definitions of six forms of eating disorders are given, ten types of sexual addictions are listed, and techniques for breaking through client denial and increasing client motivation for recovery are provided. Bibliotherapy recommendations and Internet resources are identified to additionally assist the clinician in treating the food and sex co-addicted client. Copyright copyright Taylor & Francis, Inc. ISSN 1072-0162 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity Volume 12 Issue Part 2-3 Page 219-234 Year of Publication 2005 Date of Publication 2005

HEALTH AND SOCIAL <108> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2005470800 Authors Carnes P.J. Murray R.E. Charpentier L. Institution (Carnes) Pine Grove Treatment Center, Carefree, AZ, United States. (Murray) Sutherland Associates, Knoxville, TN, United States. (Charpentier) The Meadows, Wickenburg, AZ, United States. (Carnes) P.O. Box 3172, Carefree, AZ, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Bargains with chaos: Sex addicts and addiction interaction disorder. Source Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity. 12(2-3)(pp 79-120), 2005. Date of Publication: 2005. Abstract This paper proposes a theoretical framework by way of exploring addiction interaction in terms of addressing the following key questions: What happens when a patient population of sex addicts is assessed for other comorbid disorders? What conceptual foundations might we look to in terms of possible etiology and clinical intervention? Are there ways these addictions interact making the whole more than just the "sum" of the addictions themselves? Can we explain these interactions from what is known from neurobiology? Finally, are these interactions comprehensible to patients? In order for the paradigm to be useful to patients, they have to be able to recognize them. Clinicians who achieve a basic understanding of addiction interactions and relevant neurobiological background will be in a better position to serve the needs of their client. Copyright copyright Taylor & Francis, Inc. ISSN 1072-0162 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity Volume 12 Issue Part 2-3 Page 79-120 Year of Publication 2005 Date of Publication 2005

HEALTH AND SOCIAL <134> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2005457811 Authors Nekolaichuk C.L. Fainsinger R.L. Lawlor P.G. Institution (Nekolaichuk, Fainsinger, Lawlor) Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada. (Nekolaichuk) Department of Psychosocial and Spiritual Resources, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 - University Avenue, Edmonton, Alta. T6G 1Z2, Canada. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title A validation study of a pain classification system for advanced cancer patients using content experts: The Edmonton Classification System for Cancer Pain. Source Palliative Medicine. 19(6)(pp 466-476), 2005. Date of Publication: 2005. Abstract The purpose of this study was to gather construct validity evidence for a pain classification system for advanced cancer patients using content experts. Two expert panels, representing regional (Panel A, n = 18) and national/international (Panel B, n = 52) palliative medicine and pain specialists, were purposefully selected to participate in a modified Delphi survey technique, to evaluate an existing pain classification system, the Revised Edmonton Staging System (rESS). Each panel participated in two survey rounds, with response rates of 67% (Panel A, Round 1), 39% (Panel A, Round 2), 56% (Panel B, Round 1) and 64% (Panel B, Round 2). The rESS consists of five features: mechanism of pain, incidental pain, psychological distress, addictive behavior and cognitive function. Most participants either agreed or strongly agreed with including the five existing rESS features in a pain classification system, ranging from 67% (Panel A, cognitive function) to 100% (Panel B, mechanism of pain). Most participants suggested keeping the current definitions for these features, with some revisions. Based on participant feedback, definitions for incidental pain, psychological distress, addictive behavior and cognitive function were revised, including the development of guidelines for use. To reflect its intended use as a classification system, the name of the instrument was changed to the Edmonton Classification System for Cancer Pain (ECS-CP). copyright 2005 Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. ISSN 0269-2163 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Palliative Medicine Volume 19 Issue Part 6 Page 466-476 Year of Publication 2005 Date of Publication 2005

HEALTH AND SOCIAL <137> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2005451710 Authors Stafford L.D. Yeomans M.R. Institution (Stafford) Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom. (Yeomans) Department of Psychology, University of Sussex, Sussex, United Kingdom. (Stafford) Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, King Henry I Street, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, United Kingdom. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Caffeine deprivation state modulates coffee consumption but not attentional bias for caffeine-related stimuli. Source Behavioural Pharmacology. 16(7)(pp 559-571), 2005. Date of Publication: Nov 2005. Abstract Previous research has shown that caffeine deprivation state can exert a strong influence on the ability of caffeine to reinforce behaviour. Recent work has also found evidence for an attentional bias in habitual caffeine users. It remains unclear whether deprivation state can influence attentional bias. Here we explored the relationship between caffeine deprivation, attentional bias to caffeine-related stimuli and subsequent caffeine reinforcement measured by consumption of coffee. In three experiments, participants (between-subjects: n=28; within- subjects: n=20, wfthin-subjects: n=20) were preloaded with either caffeine (experiments 1 and 3:100 mg; experiment 2:150 mg) or placebo, and in experiments 1 and 2 they completed a novel attentional bias task involving preattentive word recognition, and in experiment 3 a dot- probe task In experiments 2 and 3, this was followed by a test of coffee consumption. Greater recognition for caffeine-related words (experiments 1 and 2) and faster reaction times to probes replacing caffeine-related rather than control stimuli (experiment 3) confirmed caffeine-related attentional biases, but in no case was this affected by manipulation of caffeine-deprivation state. Participants in a deprived versus nondeprived state, however, experienced increases in drowsiness and headaches (experiment 2) and reduced alertness (experiment 3). Further, coffee consumption was greatest when participants were caffeine- deprived than when they were nondeprived. Findings are discussed in relation to prevailing theories of drug addiction. copyright 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISSN 0955-8810 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Behavioural Pharmacology Volume 16 Issue Part 7 Page 559-571 Year of Publication 2005 Date of Publication Nov 2005

HEALTH AND SOCIAL <147> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2005446880 Authors Williams A.M. Southern S.J. Institution (Williams, Southern) Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, Pinderfields General Hospital, Aberford Road, Wakefield WF1 4DG, United Kingdom. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Conflicts in the treatment of chronic ulcers in drug addicts - Case series and discussion. Source British Journal of Plastic Surgery. 58(7)(pp 997-999), 2005. Date of Publication: Oct 2005. Abstract Vascular access in intravenous drug abusers may become compromised by the repeated injection of toxic substances. In such circumstances abusers are driven by their addiction to seek alternative routes of drug delivery. We report a series of individuals with chronic ulcers, which were cultivated and maintained for the administration of heroin. We advise that practitioners should be wary of granulation tissue being promoted in this way and suggest that the patients' desire for wound healing may be overridden by their addiction and that successful treatment of these wounds is reliant upon cessation of drug abuse and patient compliance. In our experience this is most easily achieved in a multidisciplinary environment. copyright 2005 The British Association of Plastic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN 0007-1226 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name British Journal of Plastic Surgery Volume 58 Issue Part 7 Page 997-999 Year of Publication 2005 Date of Publication Oct 2005 HEALTH AND SOCIAL <162> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2005418717 Authors Klos K.J. Bower J.H. Josephs K.A. Matsumoto J.Y. Ahlskog J.E. Institution (Klos, Bower, Josephs, Matsumoto, Ahlskog) Department of Neurology, Division of Movement Disorders, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Pathological hypersexuality predominantly linked to adjuvant dopamine agonist therapy in Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy. Source Parkinsonism and Related Disorders. 11(6)(pp 381-386), 2005. Date of Publication: Sep 2005. Abstract Pathological hypersexuality developed in 13 patients with PD and two patients ultimately diagnosed clinically with MSA. Hypersexuality began within 8 months after starting dopamine agonist therapy in 14 of 15 cases, including four on agonist monotherapy. It resolved in the four cases where the agonist was stopped, despite continued levodopa therapy. This was not an isolated behavioral problem in most, with additional compulsive or addictive behaviors coinciding in nine patients (60%). A systematic literature review of pathological hypersexuality in PD revealed similar medication histories; combining these cases with our series, 26 of 29 patients (90%) were on adjuvant dopamine agonists. copyright 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN 1353-8020 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Parkinsonism and Related Disorders Volume 11 Issue Part 6 Page 381-386 Year of Publication 2005 Date of Publication Sep 2005

HEALTH AND SOCIAL <190> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2005401647 Authors Meara E. Frank R.G. Institution (Meara, Frank) Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States. (Meara) Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, 180 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Spending on substance abuse treatment: How much is enough? Source Addiction. 100(9)(pp 1240-1248), 2005. Date of Publication: Sep 2005. Abstract Aim: To describe a framework that can be used to determine optimal spending on substance abuse treatment in the United States. Methods: Selective review of the literature on spending for substance abuse treatment combined with an economic analysis of how to determine when spending is optimal, defining optimal spending as that which minimizes the social costs of substance use disorders. Results: In 1997, only $11.9 billion of the $294 billion estimated social costs of substance abuse was spent on treatment. The discrepancy between the high indirect costs of illness relative to the level of spending on treatment of addictive disorders leads many to believe that the United States spends too little on treatment. In this paper, we argue that information on the social costs of substance abuse disorders and the level of spending on treatment is insufficient to determine whether current spending is optimal. We develop a framework that could be used to determine optimal spending on substance abuse treatment in the United States. We develop this framework in four steps. First, we provide background on the unique financial and delivery features of substance abuse treatment. Secondly, we outline the points raised by advocates of expanded substance abuse treatment: substance abuse has high social costs, yet few people receive the many effective treatments available partly because of financial barriers to treatment. Thirdly, we provide a framework that can be used to judge the additional benefits of alternative levels and types of spending on substance abuse treatment. Finally, we discuss the distinction between the potential impact of spending on substance abuse treatment and its actual impact, using productivity as an example of one significant portion of the costs of substance abuse. Conclusion: To determine optimal spending on substance abuse treatment, research should describe who receives treatment, the quality of treatment received, and how treatments relate to outcomes that comprise a large share of the economic burden of substance abuse. copyright 2005 Society for the Study of Addiction. ISSN 0965-2140 Publication Type Journal: Review Journal Name Addiction Volume 100 Issue Part 9 Page 1240-1248 Year of Publication 2005 Date of Publication Sep 2005

HEALTH AND SOCIAL <231> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2005327930 Authors Gerevich J. Treuer T. Danics Z. Herr J. Institution (Gerevich) Addiction Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary. (Gerevich, Treuer) Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Medicine and Child Psychiatry, Semmelweis Medical University, Budapest, Hungary. (Gerevich) Pf. 216, Budapest 1276, Hungary. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Diagnostic and psychodynamic aspects of sexual addiction appearing as a non- paraphiliac form of compulsive sexual behaviour. Source Journal of Substance Use. 10(4)(pp 253-259), 2005. Date of Publication: Aug 2005. Abstract Background: In recent decades, the diagnosis of sexual or love addiction has increasingly become part of the spectrum of addiction medicine. Although it does not figure under this name in either the BNO-10 or DSM-IV, the present scientific position is that it can be regarded as a compulsive sexual behaviour disorder that does not show the criteria of paraphilia. Method: A case report. Results: In the case of the 61-year-old patient we observed, the problems of an extramarital relationship play a central part in the syndrome with a serious conflict situation and prolonged personal and family crisis. This sexual addiction can be interpreted as identification with the father and also as the means of masculine identity. The sexual behaviour meets the criteria of addiction. Follow-up will decide the stability of the diagnosis. In connection with this case, the authors attempt a psychodynamic analysis of triangular relationships destabilizing couple relationship. copyright 2005 Taylor & Francis Group Ltd. ISSN 1465-9891 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Journal of Substance Use Volume 10 Issue Part 4 Page 253-259 Year of Publication 2005 Date of Publication Aug 2005

HEALTH AND SOCIAL (WOMEN) <232> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2005327929 Authors Niccols A. Sword W. Institution (Niccols) Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Chedoke - Bldg. 74, Hamilton, Ont. L8N 3Z5, Canada. (Sword) School of Nursing, McMaster University, Chedoke - Bldg. 74, Hamilton, Ont. L8N 3Z5, Canada. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title "New Choices" for substance-using mothers and their children: Preliminary evaluation. Source Journal of Substance Use. 10(4)(pp 239-251), 2005. Date of Publication: Aug 2005. Abstract Setting, participants, intervention and measurement: New Choices is a centralized "one-stop shop" in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, that provides multiple services in a supportive environment for substance-using women and their young children. Measures of substance use, social support, mental health, nutrition, parenting and child development were administered to 13 women (21-36 years old) and their 13 children (0-5 years old) when they entered the programme, and at 3 and 6 months thereafter. Findings: Results revealed a significant improvement in maternal empathy at 3 months and children's social competence at 6 months, and a decrease in maternal support of children's power and independence that was significant at 3 months but not at 6 months. Improvements in other outcomes were not statistically significant, but effect sizes were promising. Results showed more improvements after 6 than 3 months, suggesting that length of programme involvement may be an important factor in outcome. Conclusions: The findings from this small pilot study suggest that a "one- stop" intervention for substance-using mothers and their children might have a positive impact on many outcomes. This evaluation involved a small cohort sample, no comparison group and parent-report measures only, so it should be viewed as exploratory and interpretation of findings made cautiously. copyright 2005 Taylor & Francis Group Ltd. ISSN 1465-9891 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Journal of Substance Use Volume 10 Issue Part 4 Page 239-251 Year of Publication 2005 Date of Publication Aug 2005

HEALTH AND SOCIAL <240> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2005317824 Authors Lundgren L. Chassler D. Ben-Ami L. Purington T. Schilling R. Institution (Lundgren, Chassler, Ben-Ami) Boston University School of Social Work, Boston, MA, United States. (Purington) Tapestry Health Systems, Inc., Northampton, MA, United States. (Schilling) UCLA School of Public Policy and Social Research, Los Angeles, CA, United States. (Lundgren) 264 Bay State Rd., Boston, MA 02215, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Factors associated with emergency room use among injection drug users of African- American, Hispanic and White European background. Source American Journal on Addictions. 14(3)(pp 268-280), 2005. Date of Publication: May 2005. Abstract This study examined the relationship between substance abuse treatment use, health services use, HIV status, and emergency room/hospital use for 507 injection artig users (IDUs). Logistic regression models showed that mental health status, seventy of drug use and private health insurance were significantly associated with having used emergency room/hospital services in the past six months. History of substance abuse treatment use, positive HIV/AIDS diagnosis, mental health service use, ethnic/racial background, gender, age, education and homelessness were not significant at either the bivariate or the multivariate level. These results point to the need to improve mental health screening and referrals through emergency room medical systems. Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry. ISSN 1055-0496 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name American Journal on Addictions Volume 14 Issue Part 3 Page 268-280 Year of Publication 2005 Date of Publication May 2005

HEALTH AND SOCIAL <241> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2005317823 Authors Smothers B.A. Yahr H.T. Institution (Smothers, Yahr) Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States. (Smothers) National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, United States. (Smothers) NIH/NINR/DEA, 6701 Democracy Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20892-4870, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Alcohol use disorder and illicit drug use in admissions to general hospitals in the United States. Source American Journal on Addictions. 14(3)(pp 256-267), 2005. Date of Publication: May 2005. Abstract This study estimated the prevalence and explored the management of illicit drug use, illicit drug use associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD), and AUD without reported illicit drug use in a national sample of 2040 admissions to general hospitals in the United States. Surveyed in 1994, admissions were diagnosed with past 12-month DSM-IV AUD according to the Alcohol Use Disorders and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule. Information about drug use was also included in the interview. Entries in hospital records were used to operationalize management. Prevalence of chronic drug use in hospital admissions was 5%, 14% in 18-44-year-old admissions, and 31% in admissions with an AUD. In admissions with an AUD, 45% reported no drug use. Detection rates were 82% for admissions with comorbid AUD and chronic drug use (where detection of either problem was assessed); detection rates hovered around 50% in admissions with one or the other condition. Low rates of treatment and referral (33% and 42%, respectively) were observed in the comorbid group; rates were 13-17% in admissions with AUD alone or illicit drug use alone. Findings indicate the need for increased attention to drug use and to AUD with and without other drug use among general hospital admissions. Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry. ISSN 1055-0496 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name American Journal on Addictions Volume 14 Issue Part 3 Page 256-267 Year of Publication 2005 Date of Publication May 2005

HEALTH AND SOCIAL <261> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2005312052 Authors Ventura L.A. Lambert E.G. Institution (Ventura) Department of Criminal Justice, University of Toledo, LRC 303, Toledo, OH 43606, United States. (Lambert) Department of Criminal Justice, University of Toledo, LRC 355, Toledo, OH 43606, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Effects of community substance abuse treatment services on clients' criminal arrests. Source Addictive Behaviors. 30(7)(pp 1459-1463), 2005. Date of Publication: Aug 2005. Abstract This study explored the effects of specific types of substance abuse treatment services on clients remaining arrest free for the year following services. The sample consisted of clients admitted to the Lucas County Alcohol and Drug Addiction Services (LC-ADAS) community service system in calendar year 2000. The findings of the study suggest that residential detoxification and intensive outpatient can be influential forces in reducing the future likelihood of crime among clients. copyright 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN 0306-4603 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Addictive Behaviors Volume 30 Issue Part 7 Page 1459-1463 Year of Publication 2005 Date of Publication Aug 2005

HEALTH AND SOCIAL <282> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2005292078 Authors Deadman P. Cox S. Wager K. Institution (Deadman, Cox, Wager) Smart UK, United Kingdom. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title SMART UK: The substance misuse acupuncture register and training. Source Journal of Chinese Medicine. (78)(pp 52-72), 2005. Date of Publication: Jun 2005. Abstract The Substance Misuse Acupuncture Register and Training (SMART UK) teaches people who work in the substance misuse field the application of a five point auricular acupuncture formula treatment as part of their approach to substance misuse. Over the last nine years it has trained three thousand people in the technique which is used to enhance already existing recovery programmes. The SMART programme is now being used in around four hundred community drug and alcohol treatment centres and hospital units and eighty-seven prisons. The protocol is widely accepted for its supportive role in the treatment of addiction and has boosted the profile of acupuncture throughout the world. The course is accredited by the UK's National Health Service and the Home Office. ISSN 0143-8042 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Journal of Chinese Medicine Issue Part 78 Page 52-72 Year of Publication 2005 Date of Publication Jun 2005

HEALTH AND SOCIAL <295> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2005288910 Authors Borges G. Mondragon L. Medina-Mora M.E. Orozco R. Zambrano J. Cherpitel C. Institution (Borges) Metropolitan Autonomous University-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico. (Borges, Mondragon, Medina-Mora, Orozco, Zambrano) Division of Epidemiological and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry, Calz. Mexic-Xochimilco No. 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, CP 14370, Mexico. (Cherpitel) Alcohol Research Group, Berkeley, CA, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title A case-control study of alcohol and substance use disorders as risk factors for non- fatal injury. Source Alcohol and Alcoholism. 40(4)(pp 257-262), 2005. Date of Publication: Jul 2005. Abstract Aims: While alcohol use is thought to be a major risk factor for both fatal and non-fatal injuries, the association of substance use disorders (alcohol use disorders, AUD and substance use disorders, SUD) with occurrence of injury has not received the same attention. To report the association of AUD and SUD, according to diagnostic and statistics manual of mental disorders-IV (DSM-IV) and international classification of diseases 10 (ICD-10) criteria, and the risk of non-fatal injuries. Methods: A case-control study: Cases included 653 injured patients, 18-65-years-old, who attended one emergency department (ED). Controls included 1131 subjects from a representative sample of residents of Mexico City, of the same age group. Information on drug and alcohol use was obtained by interview using the world mental health version of the composite international diagnostic interview (WMH-CIDI). Results: Among injured patients, the prevalence of substance abuse or dependence within the last 12 months was 12.3% for alcohol and 2.5% for other substances (marijuana, cocaine, tranquilizers, amphetamines, others). Among residents of Mexico City, these prevalences were 1.8 and 0.3%, respectively. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) of injury according to alcohol and substance use were 4.95 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.87-8.52) for alcohol and 2.58 (0.73- 9.17) for other substances. An important level of comorbid alcohol and substance use disorders was also found. Conclusions: Efforts in the ED should be carried out to treat and/or refer patients with alcohol and substance use disorders, and special care should be taken to address comorbid cases. copyright The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Medical Council on Alcohol. All rights reserved. ISSN 0735-0414 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Alcohol and Alcoholism Volume 40 Issue Part 4 Page 257-262 Year of Publication 2005 Date of Publication Jul 2005

HEALTH AND SOCIAL <298> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2005283237 Authors Elmore J.L. Institution (Elmore) Coastal Empire Community Mental Health Center, 1050 Ribaut Road, Beaufort, SC 29902, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Psychotropic medication control of non-paraphilic sexual addiction in a female. Source Sexual and Relationship Therapy. 20(2)(pp 211-213), 2005. Date of Publication: May 2005. Abstract We present a 47y/o swf treated with venlafaxine, sodium valproate, and risperdone, which normalized her capacity for sexual relations and orgasm. Paroxetine also diminished her sexual drive. She found that she could regulate the intensity of her sexual urges by decreasing her risperdone. copyright British Association for Sexual and Relationship Therapy. ISSN 1468-1994 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Sexual and Relationship Therapy Volume 20 Issue Part 2 Page 211-213 Year of Publication 2005 Date of Publication May 2005

HEALTH AND SOCIAL <316> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2005262403 Authors Wilhelmsen K.C. Ehlers C. Institution (Wilhelmsen) Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Emeryville, CA, United States. (Wilhelmsen) Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States. (Ehlers) Department of Neuropharmacology, Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA, United States. (Wilhelmsen) EGCRC, 5858 Norton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Heritability of substance dependence in a native American population. Source Psychiatric Genetics. 15(2)(pp 101-107), 2005. Date of Publication: Jun 2005. Abstract Objectives: To estimate the heritability of substance dependence and associated symptoms in a sample of Southwest California (Mission) Indians. Methods: Families from eight contiguous Indian reservations were recruited in order to ascertain information on substance dependence symptoms and diagnoses using a semistructured diagnostic interview. Dependence diagnoses for alcohol, marijuana, stimulants and a measure of regular tobacco usage, any drug dependence or tobacco usage were obtained. Composite measures of alcohol dependence symptoms for withdrawal, drinking severity, antisocial problems and interpersonal problems were constructed from the nine groups of symptoms summarized in the diagnostic interview. Heritability estimates were calculated using variance component methods, as implemented in SOLAR. Results: In this population, marijuana dependence (0.38) and regular tobacco use (0.43), alcohol dependence (DSM-III-R 0.19; ICD-10, 0.29) and stimulant dependence (0.25) showed evidence for moderate genetic influences as determined by heritability estimates. Four phenotypes constructed using the composite symptoms of alcohol dependence revealed that withdrawal had the highest heritability estimate (0.71), followed by antisocial problems (0.36) and drinking severity (0.34). Symptom clusters reflecting interpersonal problems did not appear to be highly heritable (0.19). Conclusion: Marijuana dependence, regular tobacco usage and composite phenotypes constructed from alcohol dependence symptoms for antisocial problems, drinking severity and withdrawal generally have patterns of familial aggregation, suggesting that they can be successfully used for linkage analysis in this Southwest California Indian sample. copyright 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISSN 0955-8829 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Psychiatric Genetics Volume 15 Issue Part 2 Page 101-107 Year of Publication 2005 Date of Publication Jun 2005

HEALTH AND SOCIAL <324> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2005249736 Authors Chaney M.P. Chang C.Y. Institution (Chaney) Oakland University, 440B Pawley Hall, Rochester, MI 48309-4401, United States. (Chang) Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title A trio of turmoil for internet sexually addicted men who have sex with men: Boredom proneness, social connectedness, and dissociation. Source Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity. 12(1)(pp 3-18), 2005. Date of Publication: 2005. Abstract This article explores the impact of boredom proneness, social connectedness, and online dissociation in Internet sexually addicted men who have sex with men (MSM). Increased levels of boredom, diminished social connections, and dissociative symptoms while engaged in excessive online sexual activities are conceptualized as components that facilitate and maintain Internet sexual addiction. An overview of the literature pertaining to extreme online sexual behavior among MSM is presented and the constructs of boredom proneness, social connectedness, and dissociation are delineated. Assessment strategies for helping professionals who work with sexually addicted MSM are discussed. Implications for future research are presented. Copyright copyright Taylor & Francis, Inc. ISSN 1072-0162 Publication Type Journal: Review Journal Name Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity Volume 12 Issue Part 1 Page 3-18 Year of Publication 2005 Date of Publication 2005 HEALTH AND SOCIAL <359> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2005223128 Authors Van de Goor I.A.M. Garretsen H.F.L. Institution (Van de Goor, Garretsen) Scientific Centre for Transformation in Health Care and Welfare, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, Netherlands. (Van de Goor, Garretsen) Addiction Research Institute IVO, Rotterdam, Netherlands. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Bridging the gap between research and practice in addiction? Introduction to a special issue on the Dutch Addiction Programme. Source Journal of Substance Use. 10(2-3)(pp 69-74), 2005. Date of Publication: Apr 2005. Abstract The Dutch Addiction Programme started in 1997 as a collaboration between the Netherlands Research Council (NWO) and the Netherlands Organisation on Research and Development in Health (ZonMw). The Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports and the Ministry of Education provided means to develop a programme on research and development in addiction for the period 1997-2003. Until 1997 the field of addiction research in The Netherlands was underdeveloped and single projects were more or less scattered over research groups in The Netherlands. With a programmatic approach, addiction research in The Netherlands should be stimulated in a coherent way. More attention should be paid to the quality of the research as well as to the connection between research and practice. The programme, as developed, integrates fundamental research and more applied research, as well as development of new prevention and intervention methods. The general aim of the programme is to stimulate in a programmatic way research as well as innovative projects and experiments in the field of addiction and addiction care and prevention. In addition, the programme is also meant to make an effort to bridge the gap between research and practice. At the end of the 6-year programme the main question therefore is: to what extent has the programme succeeded in stimulating research and innovative projects and have fundamental and clinical research, social research and addiction prevention and treatment become more closely connected? This special issue focuses on some interesting results from this research programme. In addition, the epilogue sheds some light on the extent to which programme aims have been achieved and how to proceed in the future. copyright 2005 Taylor & Francis Group Ltd. ISSN 1465-9891 Publication Type Journal: Editorial Journal Name Journal of Substance Use Volume 10 Issue Part 2-3 Page 69-74 Year of Publication 2005 Date of Publication Apr 2005

HEALTH AND SOCIAL <371> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2005212918 Authors Tran T.N. Detels R. Long H.T. Lan H.P. Institution (Tran, Detels) Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, United States. (Long) National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam. (Lan) Hanoi Dermatology and Venerology Center, Hanoi Health Department, Hanoi, Vietnam. (Detels) Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, Box 951772, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Drug use among female sex workers in Hanoi, Vietnam. Source Addiction. 100(5)(pp 619-625), 2005. Date of Publication: May 2005. Abstract Aims: To describe the drug use practices among female sex workers (FSWs) in Hanoi and to identify factors associated with their drug injecting. Design, setting and particicipants: A two- stage cluster survey of 400 FSWs was conducted from June to September. 2002. Participating FSWs were both establishment- (160) and street-based (240). who were practising in seven urban and one suburban districts of Hanoi. Measurements: Subjects were interviewed face to face using a structured questionnaire. Findings: Among the middle-class FSWs, 27% used drugs, of whom 79% injected. Among low-class FSWs, 46% used drugs and 85% injected. Among drug-using FSWs, 86% had started using drugs within the past 6 years. Among drug-injecting FSWs, 81% had started injecting within the past 4 years. Cleaning of injecting equipment was not common among those who shared. Having drug- injecting 'love mates', drug-using clients, longer residence in Hanoi, more clients and not currently cohabiting were found to be independently associated with drug injecting among FSWs. Conclusions: The high prevalence of injecting drug use among FSWs makes them susceptible to HIV infection, and is a threat to their clients. There is a strong relationship between drug-using FSWs and male drug-using clients and non-client partners. Intervention to prevent drug use initiation among non-drug-using FSWs and harm reduction among drug- using FSWs are urgently needed. copyright 2005 Society for the Study of Addiction. ISSN 0965-2140 Publication Type Journal: Review Journal Name Addiction Volume 100 Issue Part 5 Page 619-625 Year of Publication 2005 Date of Publication May 2005