The Roman Republic s1

THE ROMAN REPUBLIC

GUIDED NOTES

Directions: Use pgs. 156 and 157 (especially the table on pg. 157) to answer items 1-5.

1) Who was the last king of Rome? Tarquin the Proud

What important idea did this establish in Rome?

- The idea that Rome would never again be ruled by a king

2) What similarities and differences exist between the government of the United States and the Roman Republic? List at least five for each.

SIMILARITIES DIFFERENCES  Women can be citizens in the United  Both are republics States, only males could be citizens in  Both have branches of government the Roman Republic with set responsibilities and a system  Two consuls served as executives in of checks and balances the Roman Republic, while the United  Both have an executive branch that States has only one president serves as commander-in-chief of the  The legislative branch in the Roman army and chief executive of the Republic has three houses, versus only government two in the United States  Both have a legal code that serves as  In the Roman Republic, six of the the basis of their legal system and “praetors”, or judges, governed government provinces. In the United States, the  The “high” part of the legislative Supreme Court is made of nine judges branch in both governments is called that hear civil and criminal appeals the Senate cases.  In the United States, social class does not determine political status. In the Roman republic, citizens needed to be a member of the aristocracy to be in the Senate. 3) Who were plebeians and patricians? What kinds of rights did they have? DESCRIPTION RIGHTS PLEBEIANS - common farmers, - citizens of Rome who held merchants, and artisans that right to vote; able to form made up the majority of the their own assembly and elect population tribunes

PATRICIANS - wealthy landowners that - had most of power and held most of the power social status; could hold high political office; had authority to make laws

4) Who had the most power? Patricians What happened as a result of the “Struggle for Orders”? Plebeians gained more political rights (Twelve Tables). However, tensions remained between plebeians and patricians.

5) What were the Twelve Tables? The Twelve Tables were a list of written laws that were applied to all Romans. How were they an important victory for the plebeians? Before this, laws were applied to plebeians indiscriminately.

Use pgs. 158-159 to answer the following items. 6) How did Rome expand? List 5 ways. a) Defeated Etruscans and Greek city-states militarily to take over all of Italy b) Used a variety of strategies to integrate conquered people into Rome, allowing neighboring people to become citizens of Rome and labeling other conquered people as allies of Rome, who the government would not interfere with. This kept conquered people on Rome’s side. c) Rome’s location gave it easy access to the Mediterranean Sea. This made it easy to expand over water. d) Roman merchants spread Roman goods over a wide area. This gave them economic power over many other civilizations. e) The Punic Wars gave Rome dominance over the western Mediterranean, as Rome was able to take over Carthage’s land.

7) How did Rome treat the people they conquered? It depended on how close they were to Rome, but in general, they tried to integrate them into Roman society.

8) Fill in the following table on the Punic Wars. WHAT CAUSED THE WHAT HAPPENED IN THE WHAT WAS THE EFFECT OF PUNIC WARS? PUNIC WARS? THE PUNIC WARS? Rome defeats Carthage in all Rome becomes the dominant Carthage and Rome were three Punic Wars. trade powerhouse in Europe competing for economic and Africa. dominance in the At the end of the Third Punic Mediterranean Sea. War, they burn down the city Rome continues to expand. of Carthage and become the dominant society in Europe and North Africa.