IEA-BCS Annex 35: HybVent
6th Expert Meeting
Annex35 HybVent
Hybrid Ventilation in New and Retrofitted Office Buildings Meeting Documents
Den Haag, The Netherlands May 14 – 17, 2001
18 年 5 月 8 日 1 IEA-BCS Annex 35: HybVent
Contents
Programme...... 3 Agenda...... 5 Meeting Attendees with Addresses...... 7 Action List 5th Annex 35 Expert Meeting...... 14 Annex 35 Work Groups...... 15 Principles of Hybrid Ventilation Contents Booklet...... 19 Contents CD-ROM...... 21 Proposals for CD-ROM Structure...... 23 Status for Contributions...... 25 Abstracts: Technical Reports...... 27 Budget and Statement of Account...... 31 Status Pilot Study Reports...... 33
18 年 5 月 8 日 2 IEA-BCS Annex 35: HybVent
Programme Monday May 14, 2001 900 – 1035 HybVent Forum: An Integral Solution for Ventilation, Health AA, HC and Energy 1035 – 1100 Morning break 1100 – 1230 HybVent Forum cont’d AA, HC 1230 – 1330 Lunch 1330 – 1440 HybVent Forum cont’d AA, HC 1440 – 1510 Afternoon break 1510 – 1700 HybVent Forum cont’d AA, HC 1700 – 1900 HybVent Forum Banquet and Demonstrations AA, HC Tuesday May 15, 2001 0830 - 0900 Registration 0900 - 1030 Session 1 Agenda 1-2 OA Welcome and introduction to the 5th Expert Meeting, general business 1030 - 1100 Coffee break Hotel 1100 - 1230 Session 2 Agenda 3-4 OA Presentation of 1st draft of “Principles og Hybrid Ventilation. Presentation techical reports and of structure of CD-ROM 1230 - 1400 Lunch Hotel 1400 - 1530 Session 3 Agenda 6 MC Presentation of Pilot Study Progress 1530 – 1600 Coffee Break Hotel 1600 - 1730 Session 4 Agenda 5, 7.1 and 7.9 SA, AD Ventilation and Control Strategies Free evening Wednesday May 16, 2001 0900 - 1030 Session 5 Agenda 7.3 and 7.4 Group Workgroup meetings Leaders 1030 - 1100 Coffee break Hotel 1100 - 1230 Session 6 Agenda 7.10, 7.6 and 7.5 Group Workgroup meetings Leaders 1230 – 1400 Lunch Hotel 1400 – 1700 Visit to Waterland School Building AA Evening: Social Dinner WdG
18 年 5 月 8 日 3 IEA-BCS Annex 35: HybVent
Thursday May 17, 2001 0830 - 1000 Session 7 Agenda 7.2, 7.7, 7.8 Group Workgroup meetings Leaders 1000 - 1030 Coffee break Hotel 1030 - 1200 Session 8 Agenda 4 and 8 OA, Summary of workgroup results and 1st draft of technical Group reports Leaders 1200 - 1330 Lunch Hotel 1330 - 1500 Session 9 Agenda 4 and 8 OA, Summary of workgroup results and 1st draft of technical Group reports Leaders 1500 - 1530 Coffee break Hotel 1630 – 1700 Session 10 Agenda 9 and 10 OA Summary of meeting results, general business, conclusions, next meetings and next steps 1700 End of workshop OA: Per Heiselberg, WdG: Willem de Gids, MC: Marco Citterio, AA: Ad van der Aa, HC: Hans Cauberg, SA: Søren Aggerholm, AD: Angelo Delsante
18 年 5 月 8 日 4 IEA-BCS Annex 35: HybVent
Agenda 1. Welcome, Introduction. 1.1 Additions to and approval of agenda. 1.2 Approval of minutes of 5th Expert meeting. 1.3 Meeting participants and their affiliations. 1.4 Goals of this meeting. 2 Update on Annex 35 confirmed participation, national contact persons, etc. 2.1 Annex 35 participants 2.1 National contact persons 2.2 Work group affiliations 2.3 New workgroups 3 Presentation of 1st draft of Booklet and CD-ROM 4 Presentation of 1st draft of technical reports 5 Presentation and discussion on ventilation and control strategies as well as modelling of control strategies. 6. Presentation of Pilot Study progress 6.1 Wilkinson Office Building, Sydney, Australia (DR, AU) 6.2 IVEG Office Building, Hoboken, Belgium (NH, B) 6.3 PROBE Office Building, Limelette, Belgium (NH, B) 6.4 B&O Headquarters, Struer, Denmark (OJH, DK) 6.5 Palazzina I Guzzini, Recanati, Italy (PP, I) 6.6 The Liberty Tower, Meiji, Japan (TC, J) 6.7 Tokyo Gas Earth Port, Tokyo, Japan (TC, J) 6.8 Fujita Technical Center, Atsugi, Japan, (TC, J) 6.9 Mediå School, Grong, Norway (POT, N) 6.10 Jaer School, Oslo, Norway (PS, N) 6.11 Tangå School, Falkenberg, Sweden (ÅB, S) 6.12 Waterland School, Leidschenveen, The Netherlands (AA, NL) 7. Workgroup sessions 7.1 WG-A1 Characterisation of Ventilation and Control Strategies (SA, DK) 7.2 WG-A2 Equivalent Energy Performance Targets in Standards and Regulations (PW, B) 7.3 WG-A3 Comfort Requirements and Energy Targets (WdG, NL) WG-A4 Application of Analysis Methods in Hybrid Ventilation Design Process (POT, N) 7.4 WG-B1 Incorporation of Thermal Stratification Effects in Network Modelling (YL, AU) 7.5 WG-B2 Methods for Vent Sizing (WdG, NL) 7.6 WG-B3 Input Data Bank (MO, UK), WG-B8 Climate Data 7.7 WG-B4 Develop Probabilistic Methods (HB, DK) 7.8 WG-B5 Wind Flows through Large Openings (MS, S) 7.9 WG-B7 Integrate or Implement Control Strategies into Models 7.10 WG Outline of “Principles of Hybrid Ventilation” 8. Reports on progress in workgroups
18 年 5 月 8 日 5 IEA-BCS Annex 35: HybVent
9. Future expert meetings 9.1 7th expert meeting in Changcha, China, October 8-10, 2001 9.2 8th expert meeting in Montreal, Canada, April 2002 9.3 Annex closure in Copenhagen, Denmark, September 2002 10. Summary of workshop results, action list, next steps, and conclusions.
18 年 5 月 8 日 6 IEA-BCS Annex 35: HybVent
Meeting Attendees with addresses Søren Aggerholm (SA), Danish Building Research Institute, Denmark Åke Blomsterberg (ÅB), J&W Consulting Engineers, Sweden Henrik Brohus (HB), Aalborg University, Denmark Tomoyuki Chikamoto (TC), Nikken Sekkei Ltd., Japan Marco Citterio (MC), ENEA, Italy Florence Cron (FC), LEPTAB, Pôle Sciences et Technologie, France Willem de Gids (WG), TNO Building & Constr. Research, The Netherlands Angelo Delsante (AD), CSIRO Building, Construction and Engineering, Australia Mohamed El Mankibi (MEM), ENTPE / DGCB / LASH, France Gérard Guarracino (GG), ENTPE-LASH, France Fariborz Haghighat (FH), Concordia University, Canada Nicolas Heijmans (NH), BBRI, Belgium Jorma Heikkinen (JH), VTT Building and Transport, Finland Per Heiselberg (PH), Indoor Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Denmark Ole Juhl Hendriksen (OH), Esbensen Consulting Engineers, Denmark Akinori Hosoi (AH), FUJITA Corp., Development and Research Division, Japan Christian Inard (CI), LEPTAB, Pôle Sciences et Technologie, France Yuguo Li (YL), The University of Hong Kong, China Uwe Meinhold (UM), Dresden University of Technology, Germany Pierre Michel (PM), ENTPE LASH, France Shigeaki Narita (SN), FUJITA Corp., Development and Research Division, Japan Konstantia Papakonstantinou (KP), University of Athens, Greece Marco Perino (MP), DENER - Politecnico di Torino, Dept. di Energetica, Italy Paolo Principi (PP), Università degli Studi di Ancona, Italy Markus Rösler (MR), Dresden University of Technology, Germany Elena Ruffini (ER), Dipartimento di Energetica, Università degli Studi di Ancona, Italy Peter G. Schild (PS), Norwegian Building Research Institute (NBI), Norway Per Olaf Tjelflaat (PT), NTNU, Norway Ad van der Aa (AA), Cauberg-Huygen Consulting Engineers, The Netherlands Åsa Wahlström (ÅW), Swedish National Testing and Research Institute, Sweden Christian Wetzel (CW), Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics, Germany Peter Wouters (PW), BBRI, Belgian Building Research Institute, Belgium
18 年 5 月 8 日 7 IEA-BCS Annex 35: HybVent
Søren Aggerholm Danish Building Research Institute Dr. Neergaardsvej 15 Postboks 119 DK-2970 Hørsholm Denmark Telephone: + 45 4586 5533; Fax: + 45 4586 7535; E-mail: [email protected] Hosoi Akinori FUJITA Corp. Development and Research Division Japan Telephone: + 81 46 250 7095; Fax: + 81 46 250 7139; E-mail: [email protected] Åke Blomsterberg J&W Consulting Engineers Slagthuset S-21120 Malmö Sweden Telephone: + 46 40 108 266; Fax: + 46 40 108 335; E-mail: [email protected] Henrik Brohus Indoor Environmental Engineering Aalborg University Sohngårdsholmsvej 57 DK-9000 Aalborg Denmark Telephone: + 45 9635 8539; Fax: + 45 9814 8243; E-mail: [email protected] Tomoyuki Chikamoto Nikken Sekkei Ltd. Environmental Engineering Group 2-1-3 Koraku, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8565 Japan Telephone: + 81 3 3813-3361; Fax: + 81 3 3818-8238; E-mail: [email protected] Marco Citterio ENEA CR Casaccia, SIRE HAB Via Anguillarese 301 S. Maria di Galeria, I-00060 Roma Italy Telephone: + 39 06 3048 3703; Fax: + 39 06 3048 6315; E-mail: [email protected]
18 年 5 月 8 日 8 IEA-BCS Annex 35: HybVent
Florence Cron LEPTAB Pôle Sciences et Technologie Avenue Michel Crépeau F-17042 La Rochelle Cedex 01 France Telephone: + 33 5 46 45 86 22; Fax: + 33 5 46 45 82 41; E-mail: [email protected] Willem de Gids TNO Building & Constr. Research Dept. of Indoor Environ., Buildg. Physics and Installations Postbus 49 NL-2600 AA Delft The Netherlands Telephone: + 31 15 269 5280; Fax: + 31 15 269 5299; E-mail: [email protected] Angelo Delsante CSIRO Building, Construction and Engineering P.O. Box 56 3190 Highett, Vic Australia Telephone: + 61 3 9252 6056; Fax: + 61 3 9252 6251; E-mail: [email protected] Mohamed El Mankibi ENTPE / DGCB / LASH Rue Maurice Audin 69120 Vaulx en Velin France Telephone: + 33 4 72 04 77 47; Fax: + 33 4 72 04 70 41; E-mail: [email protected] Gérard Guarracino ENTPE-LASH Rue M. Audin F-69518 Cédex - Vaulx en Velin France Telephone: + 33 4 72 04 70 27; Fax: + 33 4 72 04 70 41; E-mail: [email protected] Fariborz Haghighat Concordia University Dept. of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. W., BE-351 Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1M8 Canada Telephone: + 1 514 848 3192; Fax: + 1 514 848 7965; E-mail: haghi@cbs- engr.concordia.ca
18 年 5 月 8 日 9 IEA-BCS Annex 35: HybVent
Nicolas Heijmans BBRI Violetstraat, 21-23 B-1000 Bruxelles Belgium Telephone: + 32 2 655 77 11; Fax: + 32 2 653 07 29; E-mail: [email protected] Jorma Heikkinen VTT Building and Transport Lämpömiehenkuja 3 P.O. Box 1804 FIN-02044 VTT, Espoo Finland Telephone: + 358 9 456 4742; Fax: + 358 9 455 2408; E-mail: [email protected] Per Heiselberg Indoor Environmental Engineering Aalborg University Sohngårdsholmsvej 57 DK-9000 Aalborg Denmark Telephone: + 45 9635 8541; Fax: + 45 9814 8243; E-mail: [email protected] Ole Juhl Hendriksen Esbensen Consulting Engineers Vesterbrogade 124 B DK-1620 Copenhagen V Denmark Telephone: + 45 33 26 73 05; Fax: + 45 33 26 73 01; E-mail: [email protected] Christian Inard LEPTAB Pôle Sciences et Technologie Av. Michel Crépeau F-17042 La Rochelle Cedex 01 France Telephone: + 33 5 46 45 72 46; Fax: + 33 5 46 45 82 41; E-mail: [email protected] Yuguo Li The University of Hong Kong Department of Mechanical Engineering Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China Telephone: + 852 2859 2625, Fax: + 852 2859 7908, E-mail: [email protected]
18 年 5 月 8 日 10 IEA-BCS Annex 35: HybVent
Uwe Meinhold Dresden University of Technology Institute of Building Climatology Zellescher Weg 17 D-01069 Dresden Germany Telephone: + 49 351 463 2950; Fax: + 49 351 463 2627; E-mail: [email protected] Pierre Michel ENTPE LASH Rue Audin F-69120 Vaulx en Velin France Telephone: + 33 4 72 04 70 32; Fax: + 33 4 72 04 70 41; E-mail: [email protected] Konstantia Papakonstantinou National & Kapodestrian University of Athens Building Physics 5, University Campus 157 84 Athens Greece Telephone: + 30 1 7276847/30 1 7274092; Fax: + 30 1 7295282; E-mail: [email protected] Marco Perino DENER - Politecnico di Torino Dept. di Energetica C.so Duca degli Abruzzi, 24 I-10129 Turin Italy Telephone: + 39 11 5644423; Fax: + 39 11 5644463; E-mail: [email protected] Paolo Principi Dipartimento di Energetica Università degli Studi di Ancona Via Brecce Bianche I-60100 Ancona Italy Telephone: + 39 71 2204773; Fax: + 39 71 2204239; E-mail: [email protected] Markus Rösler Dresden University of Technology Institute for Thermodynamics and Technical Installation of Buildings Mommsenstrasse 13 D-01062 Dresden Germany Telephone: + 49 351 463 4802; Fax: + 49 351 463 7105; E-mail: [email protected] Elena Ruffini Dipartimento di Energetica
18 年 5 月 8 日 11 IEA-BCS Annex 35: HybVent
Università degli Studi di Ancona Via Brecce Bianche I-60100 Ancona Italy Telephone: + 39 7122 04773; Fax: + 39 7122 04239; E-mail: Peter G. Schild Norwegian Building Research Institute (NBI) P.O. Box 123 Blindern N-0314 Oslo Norway Telephone: + 47 22 96 58 54; Fax: + 47 22 96 57 25; E-mail: [email protected] Narita Shigeaki FUJITA Corp. Development and Research Division Japan Telephone: + 81 46 250 7095; Fax: + 81 46 250 7139; E-mail: [email protected] Per Olaf Tjelflaat Norwegian University of Science & Technology, - NTNU Department of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Kolbjørn Hejes v. 1 b N-7491 Trondheim Norway Telephone: + 47 73 593 864; Fax: + 47 73 593 859; E-mail: [email protected]/[email protected] Ad van der Aa Cauberg-Huygen Consulting Engineers Boterdiep 48 P. O. Box 9222 3007 AE Rotterdam The Netherlands Telephone: + 31 10 4257444; Fax: + 31 10 4254443; E-mail: [email protected] Åsa Wahlström Swedish National Testing and Research Institute Energy Technology, System & Ventilation Technology Box 857 SE-50115 Borås Sweden Telephone: + 46 33 165589; Fax: + 46 33 131979; E-mail: [email protected]
18 年 5 月 8 日 12 IEA-BCS Annex 35: HybVent
Christian Wetzel Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics Fraunhoferstrasse 10 D-83626 Holzkirchen Germany Telephone: + 49 8024 643 17; Fax: + 49 8024 643 66; E-mail: [email protected] Peter Wouters BBRI, Belgian Building Research Institute Violetstraat 21-23 B-1000 Brussels Belgium Telephone: + 32 2 655 77 11; Fax: + 32 2 653 0729; E-mail: [email protected]
18 年 5 月 8 日 13 IEA-BCS Annex 35: HybVent
Action list 5th Annex 35 Expert Meeting
Principles of Hybrid Ventilation Develop proposal for structure of booklet and CD before next meeting OA, TAV, BJ Provide common template for technical reports by December 1, 2000 OA Distribute an example section of the booklet by December 1, 2000 OA Distribute 1. draft of sections for booklet to participants by April 1, 2001 Authors Send title and abstract of technical reports to OA by February 1, 2001 Authors Distribute 1. draft of technical reports to participants before next meeting Authors Work Groups Work Group Co-ordinators sends revised description and 1- page summary of meeting results to OA before Oct. 21, 2000 WGC Work Group actions in attachment 5 and 6 All Web-site Send bibliographic information on published Annex 35 work to OA to be included in the record of publications All Send technical papers and/or working documents to be published on the Web to OA All Miscellaneous Make local arrangements for 6th expert meeting in Den Haag WG Send invitation and prepare program for 6th Expert meeting OA Preliminary preparations for 7th Expert meeting in China OA Note future meetings All
18 年 5 月 8 日 14 IEA-BCS Annex 35: HybVent
Annex 35 Work Groups
WG-A1 Characterisation of Ventilation and Control Strategies. Co-ordinator: Søren Aggerholm SA Søren Aggerholm AB Åke Blomsterberg MC Marco Citterio AD Angelo Delsante GG Gerard Guarracino NH Nicolas Heijmans JOH Jorma Heikkinen PH Per Heiselberg OJH Ole Juhl Hendriksen EM Erhard Mayer PM Pierre Michel JP John Palmer PP Paolo Principi ER Elena Ruffini POT Per Olaf Tjelflaat TAV Tor Arvid Vik AA Ad van der Aa
WG-A2 Equivalent Energy Performance Targets in Standards and Regulations. Co-ordinator: Peter Wouters SA Søren Aggerholm AA Ad van der Aa WG Willem de Gids GG Gerard Guarracino NH Nicolas Heijmans POT Per Olaf Tjelflaat PW Peter Wouters
WG-A3 Comfort Requirements and Energy Targets. Co-ordinator: Willem de Gids AB Åke Blomsterberg MC Marco Citterio WG Willem de Gids JH Jorma Heikkinen PH Per Heiselberg OJH Ole Juhl Hendriksen YL Yuguo Li PM Pierre Michel JP John Palmer PP Paolo Principi
18 年 5 月 8 日 15 IEA-BCS Annex 35: HybVent
ER Elena Ruffini PS Peter Schild POT Per Olaf Tjelflaat PW Peter Wouters TAV Tor Arvid Vik
WG-A4 Application of Analysis Methods in the Hybrid Ventilation Design Process. Co-ordinator: Per Olaf Tjelflaat MC Marco Citterio WG Willem de Gids JH Jorma Heikkinen PH Per Heiselberg OJH Ole Juhl Hendriksen YL Yuguo Li PM Pierre Michel JP John Palmer PP Paolo Principi ER Elena Ruffini PS Peter Schild POT Per Olaf Tjelflaat
WG- B1 Incorporate Thermal Stratification Effects in Analysis Methods Co-ordinator: Yuguo Li HB Henrik Brohus TC Tomoyuki Chikamoto FC Florence Cron AD Angelo Delsante FH Fariborz Haghighat CI Christian Inard YL Yuguo Li MP Marco Perino
WG-B2 Methods for Vent Sizing Co-ordinator: Willem de Gids WG Willem de Gids FH Fariborz Haghighat NH Nicolas Heijmans YL Yuguo Li MP Marco Perino PT Paolo Tronville
WG-B3 Input Data Bank Co-ordinator: Malcolm Orme WG Willem de Gids MO Malcolm Orme
18 年 5 月 8 日 16 IEA-BCS Annex 35: HybVent
MS Mat Santamouris PS Peter Schild POT Per Olaf Tjelflaat AW Åsa Wahlström TAV Tor Arvid Vik
WG-B4 Development of Probabilistic Methods Co-ordinator: Henrik Brohus HB Henrik Brohus TC Tomoyuki Chikamoto GF Gian Vincenzo Fracastoro FH Fariborz Haghighat YL Yuguo Li MO Malcolm Orme MP Marco Perino PS Peter Schild
WG-B5 Wind Flows through Large Openings Co-ordinator: Mats Sandberg RG Roger Grundman GM Gerard Guarracino FH Fariborz Haghighat PH Per Heiselberg YL Yuguo Li MO Malcolm Orme MP Marco Perino MR Markus Rössler MS Mats Sandberg TS Takao Sawachi
WG-B7 Implement Control Strategies into Models Co-ordinator: Angelo Delsante HB Henrik Brohus MC Marco Citterio AD Angelo Delsante WG Willem de Gids CI Christian Inard DL David Lorenzetti PM Pierre Michel JP John Palmer MS Mat Santamouris PS Peter Schild AW Åsa Wahlström
WG-B8 Climate Data Co-ordinator: Gian Vincenco Fracastoro
18 年 5 月 8 日 17 IEA-BCS Annex 35: HybVent
GF Gian Vincenzo Fracastoro MO Malcolm Orme MS Mat Santamouris PW Peter Wouters TAV Tor Arvid Vik
WG Principles of Hybrid Ventilation Co-ordinator: Per Heiselberg SA Søren Aggerholm AB Åke Blomsterberg HB Henrik Brohus MC Marco Citterio AD Angelo Delsante GF Gian Vincenco Fracastoro GG Gerard Guarracino FH Fariborz Haghighat JH Jorma Heikkinen PH Per Heiselberg YL Yuguo Li PM Pierre Michel PS Peter Schild POT Per Olaf Tjelflaat PW Peter Wouters TAV Tor Arvid Vik AA Ad van der Aa
18 年 5 月 8 日 18 IEA-BCS Annex 35: HybVent
Principles of Hybrid Ventilation
Preliminary Outline 0) Using this book and enclosed CD-ROM (1 page) Visual Chart 1) Introduction to Hybrid Ventilation (3pages) (Author: OA, Review: WG, AD, GG) Quality and Economics of Hybrid Ventilation What are the benefits and expectations? Costs, points of concern Reasons for hybrid ventilation? Boundaries for the booklet Definitions 2) Hybrid Ventilation Principles (6 pages) What are the systems like? (OA, PW) Alternating natural and mechanical ventilation system Stack and wind supported mechanical ventilation Fan-assisted natural ventilation Type of components Summer and cooling season strategy (natural cooling) (WG A1: SA) Winter and heating season strategy (IAQ and heat recovery) (WG A1: SA) Three examples (simple description) (WG A1: SA) 3) Hybrid Ventilation Design (8 pages) Integrated ventilation and building design (WG A4: POT) Energy performance targets and comfort requirements (WG A3: WG) Targets and requirements Is the design good enough? Cost effective, first cost, operating cost, IAQ satisfied? Thermal comfort? Electrical energy? Thermal energy? CO2? Benchmarks, best practice comparison When can the systems be used, what are the minimum requirements? Parameters: Outdoor climate , outdoor air quality, building design, building use, reducing internal and external loads, thermal comfort requirements, IAQ requirements Hybrid ventilation can probably be used/not be used Advice to achieve good systems/buildings Ventilation strategy, control strategy/night cooling, cost restrictions Best possible “solution” for “my” building Natural Ventilation Air Flow Process Air flow around buildings and pressure distribution on building surfaces (WG B3+B8: ) Air flow characteristics of large and small openings and other elements (WG B5: MS, S) Air flow in and between rooms in a building and air flow process for whole systems 4) Control Strategies for Hybrid Ventilation Systems (6 pages) (WG A1: SA; contribution from B7) Importance of control HV control parameters and algoritms Summary of control strategies used and lessons learned from pilot studies Advanced control strategies Sensors and systems, Local, central, manual, automatic 5) Analysis of Hybrid Ventilation Performance (4 pages) (Australia, OA) Selection and evaluation of methods
18 年 5 月 8 日 19 IEA-BCS Annex 35: HybVent
Simple methods (contribution from WG B1, B2) Complex methods (WG B1, B4, B7) 6) Commissioning, operation and maintenance (2 pages) (AA and PO, NL) Stress the importance How do you find out how the system works? Education of Occupant and utility managers What and how to monitor? How to analyse data? 7) Examples of Hybrid Ventilated Buildings (2pages) (MC, I) Summary of HV Components Short summary of Annex 35 case study results and general conclusions
List of contact persons List of sponsors
18 年 5 月 8 日 20 IEA-BCS Annex 35: HybVent
Contents of CD-ROM Principles of Hybrid Ventilation (hyperlinks to other material in the CD) o (indication of links in printed version) SOTAR report (warning, information is not updated, but from project start) Description of Annex 35, organisation of the work, how to use CD (Editor) Case study reports . 2 – page summary . Pilot study report . Additional reports, technical papers etc. . Power point presentation. Format to be discussed o Wilkinson Office Building, Sydney, Australia (DR, AU) o IVEG Office Building, Hoboken, Belgium (NH, B) o PROBE Office Building, Limelette, Belgium (NH, B) o B&O Headquarters, Struer, Denmark (OJH, DK) o Bertolt Brecht Gymnasium, Dresden, Germany (UM, D) o Palazzina I Guzzini, Recanati, Italy (PP, I) o The Liberty Tower, Meiji, Japan (TC, J) o Tokyo Gas Earth Port, Tokyo, Japan (TC, J) o Fujita Technical Center, Atsugi, Japan, (TC, J) o Mediå School, Grong, Norway (POT, N) o Jaer School, Oslo, Norway (PS, N) o Lavollen, Trondheim, Norway, (POT, N) o Tangå School, Falkenberg, Sweden (ÅB, S) o Waterland School, Leidschenveen, The Netherlands (AA, NL) Building Examples o Two-pages summaries Technical Reports o WG A1: . Sensors a financial… (AA, NL) . Sensors (OJH, DK) . Advanced control strategies (PM, F) . Skin temperature sensor (EM, D) . Characterisation of HV and CS in Pilot Studies (one from each pilot study) . [Note on advanced control from combustion (MC, I)] o WG A2: . Synthesis report: Energy Performance Equivalence Principle (PW, B) o WG A3: o WG A4: o WG B1: . Synthesis report: Integrating thermal Stratification in ….. (YL, HK) o WG B2: . Two software tools (WdG, NL) o WG B3+B8: . + individual reports (NH, GF) o WG B4: . Executive summary . Introduction to PM in HV (HB, DK) . Individual reports (HB, DK; TC, J; GVF, I; PS, N; FH,CAN) o WG B5: . Synthesis report (MS, S) . Individual background report (MS, S; TS, J; MP, I; MR, D)
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o WG B7: . Report on implemented control strategies in models (AD, AU) o Other technical report . Software Technical papers o List of all technical papers (link to abstracts and possibly files) Technical reports o List of all technical reports (link to abstracts and possibly files) Search Engine???
18 年 5 月 8 日 22 IEA-BCS Annex 35: HybVent
Proposals for CD-ROM Structure
CHAPTER1 6 -EXAMPLESOF HYBRID VENTILATED BUILDINGS: Case studies and results Summary
GOOD INDOOR CLIMATE, LOW ENERGY USE and GOOD INTEGRATION IN THE BUILDING
CHAPTER 5 - COMMISSIONING, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE Actual use of the building How do the systems work in pracsis? Education Monitoring Controle
Ttargets and requirements satisfied? CHAPTER 4 - HYBRID VENTILATION •IAQ and thermal comfort DESIGN •Electrical and thermal energy use Air flow process for the whole systems. Analysis of performance •Cost effectiveness? •Evaluation of methods •Integrated solution? •Selection of methods Controle of performance
CHAPTER3 - HYBRID VENTILATION Openings & barriers Airflow in and between rooms in a PRINCIPLES •Building function and use building. Systems and strategies •Internal loads Technical solutions and components Controle stategies for hybrid ventilation systems.
Climate & surroundings Airflow around buildings and pressure CHAPTER 2- INTERACTION WITH •Stack potential distibrution on building surfaces THE ENVIRONMENT •Wind potential Building shape & orientation •Air quality around the building. Airflow characteristics of large and small Favorable placement of air inlet/outllet •External loads (sun, noice etc.) openings and other elements.
PROBLEM & POTENTIAL AIRFLOW SOLUTION CHAPTER1 1 -INTRODUCTION: Why hynrid ventilation? => Definition of target which is good indoor climate with lowest possible energy use. How can hyb. Vent. Forfill this? => Through exploitation of wind and stack effect, and design of a system with low pressure drop. Explain how the outline is buildt up logically. The outline is built up logically, introducing natural AIRFLOW as the central parameter, and through defining the PROBLEM & POTENTIAL at the left vertical column. Moving towards right in the model, we end up in the right column, which gives the SOLUTION. Consequently, the right column defines the main chapters of the report, while the central column focuses at issues related directly to the flow of air in and around the building. The left column gives the premises and background material. Moving upwards, the model then goes through four levels: At the first (bottom) level, the building is looked at from the outside, with it’s surroundings. This gives the premises for the second level. At the second level complexity rises as we also follow the airflow inside the building to consider the whole system with its components. At the third level, evaluation is done. At the fourth level, the actual use of the building with its system is being looked into. The case studies come as a supplement at the top of the model. Every part of the model is interactive, which means that by clicking on whatever title, subtitle or parameter, one should be brought into the relevant section of the report.
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Alternative proposal Building Hybrid Human Factors Envelope Ventilation System Design Brief and Definition of targets for thermal comfort, indoor air quality and Strategy energy use Sketch Design Input: External Hybrid ventilation Occupancy regimes climate, outdoor air principles Occupant activity quality, outdoor Systems and Internal Loads noise, location strategies Output: Built form Technical solutions and orientation, and components favorable location of inlet and outlet Control Strategies Detailed Design Analysis of performance Check of Design Commissioning, Performance Education of operation and monitoring building managers maintenance and occupants
Building Hybrid Human Factors Envelope Ventilation System Initial A2, A3, B8, Cpt 1 considerations Principles and Cpt. 2, Cpt. 4, A1 strategies Analysis B2, B5 Cpt. 3, Cpt. 5, A4, B1, B4, B7 Evaluation A5 Actual Case studies, Cpt. 6, Cpt. 7 performance
18 年 5 月 8 日 24 IEA-BCS Annex 35: HybVent
Status for Principles of Hybrid Ventilation Booklet Chapter Author(s) 1. draft 0. Road-Map Per Heiselberg, Tor Arvid Vik, Bjørn Jensen 1. Introduction Per Heiselberg 2. Principles Per Heiselberg, Peter Wouters, () Søren Aggerholm 3. Design Per Olaf Tjelflaat, Willem de Gids, WG B3+B8, B5 4. Control Strategies Søren Aggerholm, WG B7 5. Performance Australia, Per Heiselberg, WG B1, () Analysis B2, B4, B7 6. Comissioning.. Ad van der Aa, Peter Op’t Veld 7. Examples Marco Citterio Technical Reports Case study Reports Author(s) 1. draft Wilkinson Office Building David Rowe IVEG Office Building Nicolas Heijmans PROBE Office Building Nicolas Heijmans B&O Headquarters Ole Juhl Hendriksen Bertolt Brecht Gymnasium Uwe Meinhold Palazzina I Guzzini Paolo Principi Liberty Tower Tomoyuki Chikamoto Tokyo Gas Earth Port Tomoyuki Chikamoto Fujita Technical Center Tomoyuki Chikamoto Mediå School Per Olaf Tjelflaat Jaer School Peter Schild Tånga School Åke Blomsterberg Waterland School Ad van der Aa
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WG Reports Author(s) 1. draft A1 Sensor survey Ad van der Aa Sensors Ole Juhl Hendriksen IP Advanced Control Strategies Pierre Michel IP Skin Temperature sensor Erhard Mayer Characterization of HV and CS in CS Coordinators 6-7 CS Case Studies Advanced Control Combustion Marco Citterio A2 Synthesis Report Peter Wouters A3 A4 B1 Synthesis Report Yuguo Li IP B2 Software Tools Willem de Gids IP B3+B8 Report 1 Nicolas Heijmans IP Report 2 Gian Vincenco Fracastoro ? B4 Executive Summary Henrik Brohus IP Introduction to PM Henrik Brohus Stochastic Load Henrik Brohus Stochastic Uncertainty Henrik Brohus Stochastic SZ and MZ models Henrik Brohus Report 4 Tomoyuki Chikamoto IP Report 5 Gian Vincenco Fracastoro IP Report 6 Peter Schild IP Report 7 Fariborz Haghighat ? B5 Synthesis Report Mats Sandberg Report 1 Mats Sandberg IP Report 2 Takao Sawachi IP Report 3 Marco Perino IP Report 4 Markus Rösler IP Report 5 Per Heiselberg IP B7 Implementation of CS in models Angelo Delsante Report 2
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Abstracts Technical Reports
CO2-Sensors for Indoor Air Quality: A High-Tech Instrument is Becoming a Mass Product – Market Survey and Near Future Developments E.M.M. Willems, A. van der Aa and K.J. van Went, Cauberg-Huygen Abstract Measuring indoor air quality, specifications of CO2-sensor market, current CO2-sensor market, sensor development, alternative indicators for indoor air quality, conclusions and recommendations. (WG A1, 1. draft available, 46 pages)
Advanced control from Combustion in ENEA (Italian Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment) Abstract The activities of DIACO (Advanced DIAgnostics and COntrol) labs provided various pilot-applications by integrating smart sensors (optical and thermal probes, acoustical sensors, gamma probe) and the typical technologies of artificial intelligence (pattern recognition, neural networks, fuzzy logic, expert systems, analysis and synthesis of 3D images). In the last years, the technological effort has been made to develop and apply a new methodology based on chaos theory in order to characterize the dynamic behavior of real plants or processes. Finally we are integrating the diagnostics technologies in network architectures in order to obtain the remote diagnostics of a cluster of energy plants in order to monitoring the main performance indexes in terms of energy efficiency and environmental impact. At the moment the theoretical research is focussed on the creation of machines which develop intelligence based on the approach of the artificial societies. The artificial society is a computer environment where a population of artificial individuals can reproduce, evolve and fight on the base of an own autonomous decision and behavior (intelligence). Through the emulation of the genetic evolution the society is able to develop a sort of collective intelligence that means an ability to solve a specific problem (for example the control of a complex process, the creation of a new production line, the monitoring of complex human activities like transportation flows). Application: Artificial Brother is a joined research project among ENEA and UCSD (University of California San Diego).The focus is a different approach to Artificial Intelligence: instead of transferring the intelligence of an expert to a computer which controls and drives the process, a society of artificial individuals (which is living in a computer or in a network) develops autonomously the necessary intelligence to solve the specific problem by mean of evolution laws. Artificial Brother is a multipurpose devices, the application to Hybrid Ventilation Control Strategies is possible.
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Individual thermal comfort controlled by an "Artificial Skin"- Sensor Erhard Mayer, Germany Abstract An optimal indoor climate will be accepted only by 95 % of the users (Fanger). According to a study done by the Fraunhofer-Institut für Bauphysik this value is even lower: 85 %. It might be the main reason for the often complained low acceptance of HVAC-systems. This problem can only be solved by the possibility to adjust individually the indoor climate. In this paper the physiological and physical background for thermal comfort is presented, and an individual thermal climate is proposed by a cooled/heated ceiling controlled by a heated artificial skin.
Source book ‘Philosophy and boundary conditions for the evaluation of (hybrid) ventilation systems for buildings by the principle of equivalence” Version 4.1 P. Wouters and N. Heijmans, BBRI; W. De Gids, TNO-BOUW; A. Van der Aa, Cauberg-Huygen; G. Guarracino, ENTPE, S. Aggerholm, DBRIb Abstract The main aims of this report are to make on the one hand a critical analysis of the possibilities and challenges of hybrid ventilation systems in relation to standards and regulations and on the other hand recommendations for handling innovative ventilation systems in the framework of such standards and regulations First, there is an evaluation of the important performances of hybrid ventilation systems. This is followed by a systematic review of the various aspects which may influence the performances with respect to energy efficiency and indoor climate and the potential conflicts. Given the fact that it is not evident to correctly assess hybrid ventilation concepts in the framework of S&R without having a coherent approach applicable also to other ventilation systems, some kind of system competition was organised between 5 more or less virtual systems. This has allowed to identify some kind of boundary conditions for a correct performance assessment in relation to S&R. (WG A2, 1. draft available, 43 pages)
Stochastic Load Models based on Weather Data H. Brohus, C. Frier and P. Heiselberg, Aalborg University Abstract This report deals with the determination of stochastic input load models based on weather data. The importance of obtaining a proper statistical description of the input quantities to a stochastic model is addressed and exemplified by stochastic models for external air temperature, solar heat gain, and wind (speed and direction). The various input formats of stochastic building models and the inherent difference of load parameters require different kinds of load models. External air temperature and solar radiation are both modelled as a stochastic process with time varying mean value function superimposed by a time varying standard deviation function. The statistics of the external air temperature is obtained by means of
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Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). A simple model of the solar heat gain is presented, considering the obvious fact that solar radiation is present only during daytime. The wind is modelled by conditional statistical distributions separated in eighth wind sectors assigned a finite probability while still considering auto-correlation. Each sector has a separate wind speed distribution. The Danish Design Reference Year (DRY) is used as experimental data. DRY is an artificial data set, which is used in building simulation to predict parameters like energy consumption and thermal response of buildings. Although DRY is an artificial data set it will be used here to illustrate how measured weather climate parameters can be used for stochastic modelling. (WG B4, 1. draft available, 40 pages)
Quantification of Uncertainty in Thermal Building Simulation by means of Stochastic Differential Equations H. Brohus, C. Frier, P. Heiselberg, Aalborg University; F. Haghighat, Concordia University Abstract A deterministic approach implies that all input parameters and model coefficients are 100% certain with zero spread. In practice this is not the case, for instance inhabitant behaviour and internal loads may vary significantly and external loads as wind, external temperature and solar radiation are obviously stochastic in nature. One reason for ignoring randomness is the fact that mechanically ventilated heavy buildings are often highly “damped” and shielded toward external loads. This kind of buildings will also control the influence of the internal load effectively by means of the building energy management system and the HVAC system. However, lighter constructions that are naturally or hybrid ventilated are more sensitive to stochastic variations in the loads. The behaviour of the building depends thoroughly on natural driving forces characterised by external temperature, wind speed and direction, and the internal load of the building, etc. Due to the fact that this kind of buildings are increasing fast in number either as new built or retrofit stresses the importance of considering the effect of randomness in the design phase. In order to quantify uncertainty in thermal building simulation stochastic modelling is applied on a building model. An application of stochastic differential equations is presented comprising a general heat balance for an arbitrary number of loads and zones in a building to determine the thermal behaviour under random conditions. Randomness in the input as well as the model coefficients is considered. Two different approaches are presented namely equations for first and second order time-varying statistical moments and Monte Carlo Simulation. A naturally ventilated atrium test case is presented showing the mean value process and the standard deviation process (pursuing a confidence interval) during a winter week and during a summer week. (WG B4, 1. draft available, 37 pages)
Stochastic Single Zone and Multizone Models of a Hybrid Ventilated Building – A Monte Carlo Simulation Approach H. Brohus, C. Frier and P. Heiselberg, Aalborg University
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Abstract This report presents a stochastic single zone and a stochastic multizone model for a hybrid ventilated building. Based on Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS), the models calculate the air flow rate and energy consumption considering the random nature of input. The MCS module generates realisations of input data according to the statistical distribution of data. This process is repeated a high number of times and, finally, statistical treatment of output data results in output distributions and statistics, e.g. mean value and standard deviation. An important aspect when considering stochastic models for hybrid ventilated buildings is the control strategy. The control is a kind of feed back loop of the model representing the hybrid ventilated enclosure. The air flow in the single zone model is controlled by a damper and a fan using different controllers. Wind pressure and stack effect are used to drive air through the enclosure assisted by the fan in case of insufficient natural driving forces. Model input comprises among other things control parameters, damper and fan characteristics, and stochastic models of wind and external air temperature. Multiple compartments in ventilated buildings often give rise to complex air flow patterns. This is especially the case for natural and hybrid ventilated buildings characterised by a relatively close interaction with external weather conditions. The air flow patterns are required to assess properly the indoor air quality, thermal comfort, and energy consumption. A stochastic multizone model is used to express this. The multizone model is applied as a generalisation of the single zone model. The model is capable of predicting air flow and pressure distribution within a building divided into an arbitrary number of zones and flow paths. The flow paths are modelled by equations expressing the relation between pressure difference and air flow rate for building elements like cracks, duct work, and fans. (WG B4, 1. draft available, 30 pages)
Implementing Hybrid Ventilation Control Strategies into Simulation Tools and Models: A Survey of Current Approaches Angelo Delsante, CSIRO Abstract A number of simulation tools and a variety of methods are available to model natural ventilation in buildings. Similarly tools exist to model mechanical ventilation systems. The methods for natural ventilation have been reviewed in the State-of-the-Art Report on Hybrid Ventilation (SOTAR). Some model only the air flow through openings (with the indoor temperature as an input), while others (fewer) couple the calculation of indoor temperatures with the calculation of air flows. As noted in SOTAR, few if any tools model hybrid ventilation systems. The key difference between a natural ventilation tool and one that properly deals with hybrid ventilation is the implementation of a control strategy that handles the switch between natural and mechanical ventilation. This report surveys the approaches taken to implement control strategies in a variety of tools and methods. (WG B7)
Publication costs of Annex 35 Final Reports (Euro) Initial Costs Total Costs
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2000 5000 10000 No. of copies
State-of-the-art Report 5100 8300 13100 21300 Brochure (6 pages) 1067 2400 4400 7900 CD-R 1333 3200 6000 10700 Editing and graphics 2700 2700 2700 2700
Principles of Hybrid Ventilation 14000 18000 23800 33900 Publication (36 pages) 1000 4800 7800 13200 CD-R 1333 3200 6000 10700 Editing and graphics 10000 10000 10000 10000 Total Costs 19100 26300 36900 55200 Preliminary budget for publication costs based on equal share of 50% of initial cost and preliminary request for publications from each country. Country SOTAR PHV Fixed cost (50% of Var. Cost Sum Cost/copy actual costs) No. of Copies No. of Copies Euro Euro Euro Euro
AU 150 250 632 1115 1747 4.4 B 500 1000 632 4240 4872 3.2 CAN 100 100 632 533 1165 5.8 DK 500 700 632 3297 3929 3.5 FIN 200 200 632 1066 1698 4.2 F 500 500 632 2665 3297 3.3 D 250 500 632 2120 2752 3.7 G 100 100 632 533 1165 5.8 I 500 500 632 2665 3297 3.3 J 50 50 632 267 899 9.0 N 250 500 632 2120 2752 3.7 S 450 600 632 2871 3503 3.3 NL 500 750 632 3453 4085 3.3 UK* 200 200 632 1066 1698 4.2 USA 95 95 632 501 1133 6.0 Sum 4345 6045 9480 28512 37992 3.7 Statement of account
Country SOTAR PHV Budget 1st Payment Paid Balance No. of Copies No. of Copies Euro Euro Euro Euro
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AU 150 250 1747 582 582 1165 B 500 1000 4872 0 0 4872 CAN 100 100 1165 388 388 777 DK 500 700 3929 3929 3929 0 FIN 200 200 1698 566 566 1132 F 500 500 3297 1099 1099 2198 D 250 500 2752 917 917 1835 G 100 100 1165 388 0 1165 I 500 500 3297 1722 1722 1575 J 50 50 899 300 300 599 N 250 500 2752 917 917 1835 S 450 600 3503 1168 1168 2335 NL 500 750 4085 1362 0 4085 UK* 200 200 1698 566 0 1698 USA 95 95 1133 1133 1133 0 Sum 4345 6045 37992 15037 12721 25271 Time Schedule
Item Deadline Plans for outline of PHV and Oct 5, 2000 contents on CD 1. draft ready of PHV and technical May 1, 2001 reports Plans revised May 17, 2001 2. draft ready of PHV and technical October 1, 2001 reports Final draft ready of PHV and April 2002 technical reports ExCo review July 31, 2002 Printing and publishing September 8, 2002
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Pilot Studies
Country Building name Location Contact Person Draft Report Revised Report 5th Meeting 6th Meeting Australia Wilkinson Building Sydney David Rowe Belgium IVEG Hoboken Nicolas Heijmans Belgium PROBE Limelette Nicolas Heijmans Denmark B&O HQ Struer Ole Juhl Hendriksen Germany B. B. Gymnasium Dresden Uwe Meinhold Italy Palzzina I Guzzini Recanati Paolo Principi Japan The Liberty Tower Meiji Shinsuke Kato Japan Tokyo Gas Earth Port Tokyo Shinsuke Kato Japan Fujita Technical Center Shinsuke Kato Norway Mediå school Grong Per Olaf Tjelflaat Norway Jaer school Oslo Peter Schild Norway Lavollen Trondheim Per Olaf Tjelflaat Sweden Tånga School Falkenberg Åke Blomsterberg The Netherlands Waterland school Leidschenvee Ad van der Aa n
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