Establishement of noxes volume provided by engines with internal combustion used for river ships

ESTABLISHEMENT OF NOXES VOLUME PROVIDED BY ENGINES WITH INTERNAL COMBUSTION USED FOR RIVER SHIPS

Diana Mura Badea1, Dumitru Vlad1, Constantin Petre1, Virginia Matei2 1INCDMTM Bucuresti, 2 IPA CIFATT Craiova

Abstract – This article describes the marine  particle separator diesel and vessel industries along several The main characteristics of an engine are the dimensions, including the variety of engines following: produced for this market, the ways in which they 1. Producer are produced, the types of companies that 2. Engine cycle (2 steps/stages, 4 steps/stages) produce these engines, and the types of 3. Cylinder bore companies that manufacture the vessels on which 4. Run/Stroke they are installed. 5. Cylinder number and place 6. Cylinder capacity Key words – noxes, engines with internal 7. Max. rotation combustion, river ships 8. Max. couple rotation 9. Compression report 10. Type of the combustion 1. Definition of the engine basic parameters 11. Transversal section aria and the valve number 12. Cold system A family of engines may be defined by its basic 13. Type of the cold system design parameters which may be found to all 14. Supply system engines. In certain cases may occur interactions 15. Fuel type between these parameters that must be taken into 16. Lubricate system consideration to be shore that only the engines with 17. Oil type similar characteristics are included in this family. 18. Oil pressure It may be considered that all the engines included in the same family have the following basic 2. Measurement methods of the instantaneous parameters: power 1. Type of the combustion cycle:  two steps/stages It is known that the noxas volume emitted by the  four steps/stages engines in the environment is greater as the engine is 2. Cold agent: bigger, thus as the fuel quantity is bigger.  with air Reporting the noxas quantity to the engines power  with cold liquid (water, antigen, etc.) (g/Kwh) allows the comparison between the noxas 3. Air admission module: emission when the engines have different powers or  aspiration when the engine is used in different regimes  over supply according to the navigation necessities. 4. Type of the combustion room: Thus is absolutely necessary to establish some  pre combustion measurement methods of the instantaneous power of  turbine room the engine and the comparison with the noxas quantity emitted by the engine, measured by the  opened room evacuation gases. 5. Valves place, size and number: Measurement of the instantaneous power can be  on the top of the cylinder done by more methods such as:  lateral a) measuring the pressure in the combustion room  admission by carter during the engine cycle; 6. Treatment of the ejected gases: b) measuring the torsion moment sent by the  oxidation with catalyzes engine axel;  decrease with catalyzes c) measuring the used fuel quantity;

The Romanian Review Precision Mechanics, Optics & Mecatronics, 2008 (18), No. 34 13 Establishement of noxes volume provided by engines with internal combustion used for river ships a) Measuring the pressure in the Where combustion room can be done by using a R – fuel tank pressure transducer communicating with the P – fuel pump combustion room. Knowing the building/design D – debit meter dimensions of the engine (cylinder bore, piston PF – injection pump run, piston rod length) can be determined the M – engine value of the torsion moment sent by the axle GA – combustion gases and thus the engine power. S – sensors (CO; CO2; NOx, etc.) Advantages: C – computer. - the method takes into consideration the engine wears - the calculated power is close to The scheme functioning is the following: the real developed power Disadvantages: The computer, on the basis of the sent signals by the - the method is supposed to include constructive 2 debit meters determines the real fuel quantity modifications of the engine introduced in the engine, establishing on the basis of - the use of a great number of the characteristic curves, the instantaneous power transducers equal to the number of the cylinders resulted. Sensors for noxas measure the value of the - a worse functioning of the existing noxas in the evacuation gases and send these engine because of the combustion room volume values to the computer which displays the quantity of the (this because of the compression report, too). emitted noxas according to the engine power. b) Measurement of the torsion moment For exemplifying the measurement method of the transmitted by the engine axle can be done by engine power according to the fuel consume we fixing a dynamic transducer for the moment. shall use the characteristic curves of any engine. Advantages: - the method allows permanent, high precision measurement of the torsion moment sent by the engine; - are taken into consideration the existing wears Disadvantages: - the method imposes major constructive modifications of the transmission; c) Measurement of the fuel quantity used needs fixing of 2 debit meters, one on the injection pump tour and another one on its return. Knowing the real fuel quantity introduced in the engine may be determined the corresponding power of this consumption. Advantages: - the method is simple and may be applied to any kind of ship, the coupling of the 2 debit meters is relatively easy. - the method is less precise and does not take into consideration the engine wear; - in order to determine the consume corresponding power is needed to know the engine characteristic curves. According to the fuel specific consume for different Taking in to consideration the above mentioned run and to the corresponding power of these runs is issues we think that the applicable method is “c”. determined the fuel consume/hour that may be easy Block scheme for using this method is presented in fig.1. measured by the help of the 2 debit meters. Fuel consumes/hour corresponding to different runs is presented in table 1.

C P Q n [g/Kwh] [Kw] [l/h] 0 1 2 3 100 250 205 51.25 Fig. 1 200 230 235 54.05

14 The Romanian Review Precision Mechanics, Optics & Mecatronics, 2008 (18), No. 34 Establishement of noxes volume provided by engines with internal combustion used for river ships

300 218 315 68.67 These curves being stored in the computer memory 400 210 363 76.23 and measuring the fuel consume may be determined 500 205 410 84.05 the corresponding power of this consume any time. 600 208 458 95.26 Knowing the quantity of ejected noxas in the 700 210 500 105 environment we may determine the noxas quantity 800 215 538 115.67 per Kw/h. 900 225 573 128.9 1000 238 590 140.42 References 1100 255 615 156.8 1200 270 620 167.4 1. European Commission Directorate General Environment/ Service Contract on Ship 1300 286 615 175.89 Emissions: Assignment, Abatement and 1400 320 600 192 Market-based Instruments/ Contract No: 070501/2004/383959/MAR/C1/ Final Report/ Thus, we can draw a variation curve of this consume August 2005 according the run. 2. Peter Gammeltoft/ European In Fig.3 are presented consume/hour curves and the Commission Directorate-General Environment corresponding power of this consume. Head of Unit C1 – Clean Air & Transport/ EU political background – key facts & figures/ Presentation to The Haagen-Smit Symposium California, 19 April 2005 3. COUNCIL DECISION of 13 June 2003 on the accession of the European Community, to the Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long- Range Transboundary Air Pollution to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-Level Ozone (2003/507/EC)/ Official Journal of the European Union 17.7.2003 4. Directive 2004/26/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 amending Directive 97/68/EC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal combustion engines to be installed in non-road mobile machinery / Official Journal of the European Union L 146 of 30 April 2004)

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