Invitation to Learn

Name:______Hour:____

IMMUNE SYSTEM Edited from: http://outreach.mcb.harvard.edu/teachers/Summer04/MaryAnneLynn/ImmunePrimer.doc Invitation to Learn ***Go to my website: www.myteacherpages.com/webpages/tkeilman , click on Biology, 4th 9 weeks, and find the Immune Primer in the schedule. Open the document and click on the links provided A. Current Events

1. What virus made headlines in Boston in June 2004 when a worker at a Quizno’s restaurant tested positive for the virus? Article a. SARS b. HIV c. Hepatitis A d. Tuberculosis 2. How might restaurant workers transmit the virus to customers?

3. Symptoms?

4. Would antibiotics work against this disease? ______EXPLAIN!

5. What steps can you take to prevent infection?

B. Invaders Viruses are one type of foreign invader that can infect a human. Disease causing organisms are called pathogens. Click here to find other examples of pathogens and list them below. Pathogens

1. Viruses 2. 3. 4. 6. What organ system defends your body against pathogens? ______

Non-Specific Immunity: These stop ANY pathogen. They don’t care what it is. These barriers are NON-SPECIFIC!

C. First Line of Defense: Physical Barriers Skin is one of your body’s best defenses against foreign invaders. It acts as a physical barrier that blocks foreign substances from entering the body. Wash your hands! From your previous knowledge answer the two questions:

7. What factor(s) might prevent the skin from keeping pathogens out of your body?

8. How might a pathogen enter your body without having to pass through your skin? (Hint: Think of organ systems that are most commonly infected.) Skin works with many other substances to block the entry of pathogens. Explain the role of the following substances in preventing infection.

9. Sweat

10. Mucus (a.k.a. Snot!)

11. Saliva

Non-Specific Immunity: Like the first line, these stop ANY pathogen. They don’t care what it is. These barriers are NON-SPECIFIC!

D. Second Line of Defense: Inflammatory Response Some pathogens are clever enough to get past your body’s first line of defense. Two of the cells sent to the site of infection to destroy foreign invaders are phagocytes and natural killer cells.

Inflammatory Response shows how a body would react to a stab wound or splinter

15. What are the purple things that entered the body with the splinter (shown at the top) to generate an inflammatory response?______

16. What chemical is released from damaged cells?______17. Blood cells diffuse into capillaries and cause the blood vessels to dilate. What does dilate mean?

18. Click here. Four (4) symptoms of inflammation are: 1. Swelling 2. 3. 4.

19. How might an increase in body temperature assist in fighting off infection? Think! Name:______Hour:____

IMMUNE SYSTEM Edited from: http://outreach.mcb.harvard.edu/teachers/Summer04/MaryAnneLynn/ImmunePrimer.doc

Specific Immunity: The immune response comes into play when pathogens make it past the first and second defenses. The Immune Response Makes Cells SPECIFIC for a Particular Pathogen’s Antigen Markers!

E. Leukocyte Development Your body wages a war against pathogens that get past the first two lines of defense. It calls in its highly specialized warriors, the leukocytes.

Use the diagram found here to answer the following questions.

20. All leukocytes arise from stem cells in bone marrow or ______.

21. Leukocyte stem cells that travel and develop in the ______become “T” cells.

22. Leukocyte stem cells that remain in bone marrow develop into _____ cells.

Making Connections to prior knowledge: 23. Why are these starting cells considered stem cells?

F. Organs of the Immune System Mature leukocytes move to other lymphoid tissue and are stored throughout the body in the tonsils, lymph nodes, and spleen.

24. Identify three (3) areas of the body where lymph nodes are found. a. b. c. Specific Immunity: The immune response comes into play when pathogens make it past the first and second defenses. The Immune Response Makes Cells SPECIFIC for a Particular Pathogen’s Antigen Markers!

G. The Immune Response and How It Works 26. This specific immune response attacks specific antigens. What is an antigen? Find ( or Google) an explanation that MAKES SENSE to you!

Click on to see how the immune response (also known as the humoral immune response) works. Click on the “Animation” tab and do the step-through version so you can read and answer questions. Immune Response 27. What is often the first type of cell to face a foreign intruder?______

28. What does it do to any foreign microorganism?

29. What is the next cell in line in this specific response?______

30. What is the cell in line after that? ______

31. What two types of cells can B cells become, or differentiate, into?

32. What do plasma B cells secrete?

33. What makes this part of the immune system “specific”? Think about what you just read.

Go to this link , read, and watch the animation that summarizes the involvement of these three cells from above.

34. What kind of cells does the HIV virus attack?

35. What do antibodies do? Draw one here:

36. Antibodies are made up of proteins. Why would these B cells that secrete them need lots of ribosomes? Think! Specific Immunity: The immune response comes into play when pathogens make it past the first and second defenses. The Immune Response Makes Cells SPECIFIC for a Particular Pathogen’s Antigen Markers!

H: Primary and Secondary Immune Response B cells are activated to release antibodies because of the antigens on the disease-causing organisms. Use the graph and information below to answer the following questions. Primary response Secondary response

***Primary immune response: BODY’S FIRST EXPOSURE TO ANTIGEN ***Secondary immune response: BODY’S SECOND EXPOSURE TO ANTIGEN

37. How many days does it take for B cells to start producing antibodies against an antigen during a PRIMARY immune response?______38. How many days does it take for B cells to start producing antibodies against an that same antigen during a SECONDARY immune response?______39. Compare antibody concentrations during primary and secondary immune responses. How are they different?

40. You encounter the same disease-causing pathogens, such as chicken pox, many times in your life but never know it. Why?