Botany 2: Final Exam Study Guide

Diversity of Plants:

This nonvascular plant must live near water in marsh-like bogs. Peat Clusters of sporangium are called... sori A dicot has… vascular rings, flowers in 4’s & 5’s, networked veins These plants were used by Pioneers to scrub pots and pans. horsetail This plant is used to prepare cold medications. Ephedra Which plant category have the oldest & tallest members? The Conifers Was used by early photographers to create a “flash”? Lycopodium

Protists and Algae:

A sessile organism.... seldom moves Amoeba move with the help of … pseudopods The part of kelp that carries out photosynthesis… blade The part of kelp which anchors it to the ocean floor is... holdfast Algae are grouped according to their… color In a paramecium, excess water is expelled by the... contractile vacuole A thallus is a..... colony of algae Protists are classified primarily by... their movement Paramecium ... have contractile vacuoles, reproduce through conjugation & have trichocysts The red tide... is caused by a dinoflagellate, glows green, only affects shell fish & is poisoness

Plant Growth & Hormones

This structure is designed to protect the apical meristem Root Cap The area directly behind the zone of elongation Zone of Maturation This tissue triggers cell division at the root tip Apical Meristem The growth zone directly behind the apical meristem Zone of Elongation Botany 2: Final Exam Study Guide

The ability of certain plants to grow indefinitely Indeterminate Growth It surrounds the young shoot of monocots Coleoptile The scratching or nicking of a seed to induce germination Scarification The process of a seed absorbing water prior to germination Imbibition Plant parts which stop growing upon reaching a certain size Determinate Growth Plants that flower with equal to more daylight than dark Long Day Plants Plants that flower with equal daylight and dark Intermediate Day Plants Plants that flower with equal or more dark than daylight Short Day Plants Causes plants to respond due to the time of day Circadian Rhythm A response to temperature that affects flowering Vernalization A response to relative lengths of day and night Photoperiodism A tendency to grow in response to touch Thigmotropism A tendency to grow in response to gravity Gravitropism A tendency to grow toward light Phototropism A tendency to grow toward water Hydrotropism

Chemical that induces ripening in fruit Ethylene Gass Chemical produced in the roots that inhibits elongation Cytokinins Chemical that weakens the petiole & triggers bud scale formation Abscisic Acid Chemical that migrates away from light & stimulates elongation Auxin Chemicals which produce pigments in leaves Photochrome Chemical that causes bolting in plants Gibberillin

Fungus:

Specialized structure which gives rise to sporangium Zygospore Specialized sacs which form during sexual reproduction Asci A type of asexual reproduction, such as yeast Budding The type of sexual reproduction that occurs in most fungi Spore Formation A specialized stalk with rounded cases & holds the spores Sporangium Botany 2: Final Exam Study Guide

Ribbed structures under a mushroom cap that hold spores Gills Structures that connect and hold groups of rhizoids together Stolons Term used to describe the masses of tangled hypae; body Mycelium Openings that allow digestive enzymes, food, & gas to pass Pores The scar when the cap breaks free from the stipe Annulus A tough cellulose found in the cell walls of fungi Chitin “Root-like” structure of fungus that absorb food Rhizoids Walls that divide the hypae into individual segments Septa “Stalk-like” structure of mushrooms that elevates the spores Stipe Specialized structure of mushrooms that covers the spores Cap

Grasses and Grains:

The structure that permits grasses to utilize vegetative propagation is/are the … Rhizome

Grasses are considered incomplete because their flowers are lacking or exhibit a reduction of which of following… Sepals and Petals

Which part of the wheat grain is removed to produce white flower. The bran and the chaff

Hard starch has a higher amount of ______than soft starch. Amylose

Crops such as legumes and grasses that are used for feed from livestock are called… Forage

Type of grain that can be grown without flooding Upland Rice Type of grain that prefers to grow with flooding (paddies) Lowland Rice Striking the grain to separate the chaff from the grain Threshing The process to remove the chaff after threshing Winnowing When the chaff, bran, and germ are removed Refined Grain Botany 2: Final Exam Study Guide

Most popular during the Middle Ages and still used today in Europe Rye Usually eaten unrefined so it is very nutritious Oats Mostly used for animal feed and in the brewing industry Barley Used to make molasses; still eaten as grain in India & Africa Sorghum Used as bird seed Millet

True Statements: The first stage of Alternation of Generations is fertilization of the archegonia (egg). The seed cone contains scales or tiny sporangium sacs that hold the sporophytes. Amber is a by-product of fossilized pine sap. A diploid cell contains a complete set of DNA. A fiddlehead is the name given to small fern frond The Ginkgo tree is deciduous and losses its leaves in the fall. Only the Angiosperms produced covered seeds. Pollen cones are found near the bottom of a conifer tree. A sporophyte consists of a stalk and capsule.

Liverworts were believed to cure liver disease, but this not true.

Algae are more closely related to Protists than to plants.

Sporozoans are usually parasitic and cause many diseases.

Silica makes up the transparent shell of the Diatoms.

Amoebae’s ingest food particles by phagocytosis.

Algae and Protists are classified as Eukaryotic cells.

The Euglena is the only organism that is both autotrophic and heterotrophic.

The product called Agar comes from red algae found in the deep ocean.

Only female mosquitoes carry the protist that causes malaria.

Red algae only grows in deep ocean water.

Fish that eat diatoms will taste badly to consumers, but not harm them.