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46th ISTE Annual National Convention & National Conference 2017 International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation (ISSN 2347 – 3258)

Designing of Pressure Generating Shock Absorber

Sukhwinder Singh1, Amarjeet Singh Khangura2 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering Gulzar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana, Punjab, India [email protected] [email protected]

Abstract - “Pressure Generating Shock Absorber” is a concept based on using free energy. As per in demand of future there should be maximum possible output from given energy source. So by thinking this phenomena we selected a part of automobile (vehicles) suspension system which is called shock absorber. Shock absorber is a device which absorbs and damp shock impulses. In most shock absorbers, energy is converted to heat inside the viscous fluid. In hydraulic cylinders, so innovation is to attach some parts of a reciprocating air compressor to compress the atmospheric air which is free source. So the compressed air is a type of energy which will be stored in a storage tank. This energy will be used which has many applications like pressure horn, pneumatic brakes, pneumatic jet wipers, cleaning purpose and it can also act as a turbo. It is a cheap system but very useful and without service cost. It is in working condition and can be implemented in four wheel vehicle without any major changes. Keywords - Shock-absorber, Air-compressor, Compressed air, Free energy source.

I. INTRODUCTION Our goal is to present a clear description of shock absorber Shock absorber (in reality, a shock "damper") is a mechanical history, design concepts, and fundamentals, and to incorporate or hydraulic device designed to absorb and damp shock these into a well thought out design to be considered for impulses. It does this by converting the kinetic energy of the manufacturing. We expect that our design will successfully shock into another form of energy (typically heat) which is complete the course, will achieve maximum efficiency with then dissipated. A shock absorber is a type of dashpot. minimal cost, will be aesthetically pleasing to the client and In a vehicle, shock absorbers reduce the effect of traveling spectators, will be reliable and durable for use in multiple runs over rough ground, leading to improved ride quality and and will be safe for all concerned. More importantly main vehicle handling. While shock absorbers serve the purpose of objection function is to improvement in design of already limiting excessive suspension movement, their intended sole designed existing old models and to remanufacturing by purpose is to damp spring oscillations. Shock absorbers use implementing new ideas and concepts to make design safer, valve of oil and gasses to absorb excess energy from the cost effective, to find alternative materials to make design springs. Spring rates are chosen by the manufacturer based on lighter in weight, make design more environmental friendly. the weight of the vehicle, loaded and unloaded. For the proper visualization of design the model we also aims This project is based upon the design study [Plan something to make use of a Mechanical Cad software’s 2D like Auto Cad for a specific role, purpose or effect] which means create the & 3D like Solid works . design for; create or execute in an artistic or highly skilled manner. Main Objective of this project work to be carried out II. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY is to design a Pressure Generating Shock Absorber. For the Metal springs simply locating metal springs to absorb the fulfillment of this objective our first motive is research about impact loads are a low cost method of reducing the collision the shock absorbers that on which principle they are working, speed and reducing the shock loading. They are able to operate various parts & technical aspects of the working model, what in very arduous conditions under a wide range of their practical implementations, their advantages and temperatures. These devices have high stopping forces at end limitations. of stroke. Metal springs store energy rather than dissipating it. If metal sprint type shock absorbers are used then measures

Gulzar Group of Institutes, Ludhiana, Punjab-141401 (INDIA) 46th ISTE Annual National Convention & National Conference 2017 International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation (ISSN 2347 – 3258) should be provided to limit Oscillations. Metal springs are often used with viscous dampers. There are a number of different types of metal springs Fig. 1: Cam including helical springs, bevel washers(cone-springs), leaf springs, ring springs, mesh springs etc. Each spring type has An air compressor is a device that converts power (using an its own operating characteristics. electric motor, diesel or gasoline engine, etc.) into potential Elastomeric shock observers these are low cost options for energy stored in pressurized air (i.e., compressed air). reducing the collision speed and reducing the shock loading and providing system damping. They are conveniently molded to suitable shapes. These devices have high stopping forces at end of stroke with significant internal damping. Elastomeric dampers are very widely used because of the associated advantages of low cost and mouldability together with Fig.2 Tools Used performance benefits. The inherent damping of elastomers is useful in preventing excessive vibration amplitude at resonance – much reduced compared to metal springs. However elastomeric based shock absorbers are limited in being affected by high and low temperatures. And are subject to chemical attack. Silicone rubber is able to provide Fig. 2: Compressor Suspension is the system of tires, tire air, springs, shock reasonable mechanical properties between temperatures of absorbers and linkages that connects a vehicle to its wheels -50O to +180O deg. C- most other elastomer has inferior and allows relative motion between the two. Suspension temperature tolerance. systems serve a dual purpose — contributing to the vehicle's Hydraulic Dashpot This type of shock absorber is based on a road holding/handling and braking for good active safety and simple hydraulic cylinder. As the piston rod is moved driving pleasure, and keeping vehicle occupants comfortable hydraulic fluid is forced through an orifice which restricts and a ride quality reasonably well isolated from road noise, flow and consequently provides a controlled resistance to bumps, vibrations, etc. movement of the piston rod. With only one metering orifice the moving load is abruptly slowed down at the start of the stroke. The braking force rises to a very high peak at the start of the stroke and then falls away rapidly. A cam is a rotating or sliding piece in a mechanical linkage used especially in transforming rotary motion into linear motion or vice versa. It is often a part of a rotating wheel (e.g. an eccentric wheel) or shaft (e.g. a cylinder with an irregular shape) that strikes a lever at one or more points on its circular path. The cam can be a simple tooth, as is used to deliver pulses of power to a steam hammer, for example, or an eccentric disc or other shape that produces a smooth reciprocating (back and forth) motion in the follower , which is a lever making contact with the cam.

Fig. 3: Shock Absorber A rubber covering, typically inflated or surrounding an inflated inner tube, placed round a wheel to form a soft contact with the road. A strengthening band of metal fitted around the rim of a wheel, especially of a railway vehicle. The materials of modern pneumatic tires are synthetic rubber, natural rubber, fabric and wire, along with carbon black and other chemical compounds. They consist of a tread and a body. The tread

Gulzar Group of Institutes, Ludhiana, Punjab-141401 (INDIA) 46th ISTE Annual National Convention & National Conference 2017 International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation (ISSN 2347 – 3258) provides traction while the body provides containment for a The open frame vertical type structure, is chosen. Critical quantity of compressed air. components such as A-shape Frame and line of action like a A piston is a component of reciprocating engines, 4wheel car are selected among few different options. The best reciprocating pumps, gas comp. and pneumatic cylinders, value components are selected to accommodate stiffness among other similar mechanisms. It is the moving component requirements and budget constraints. The issues of assembling that is contained by a cylinder and is made gas-tight by piston mechanical components and emerging parts like tires, shock- rings. In an engine, its purpose is to transfer force from absorbers, compressor and wishbone into mechanical structure expanding gas in the cylinder to the crankshaft via a piston rod are all well considered. The detailed steps of how to setup and and/or connecting rod. In a pump, the function is reversed and configuring the parts is described in this file. An attempt to force is transferred from the crankshaft to the piston for the make a economical design particularly for this machine is also purpose of compressing or ejecting the fluid in the cylinder. In conducted. The completed machine is tested using three some engines, the piston also acts as a valve by covering and different techniques, i.e. Pressure testing, joints & strength uncovering ports in the cylinder wall. The petrol enters inside testing and output testing. the cylinder and the piston moves upwards and the spark plug Error sources are determined. The prototype machine has been produces spark and the petrol is set on fire and it produces an used to create several parts already. Due to inaccuracy of the energy that pushes the piston downwards. machine body parts and rough assembling, the machine fails to achieve the desired precision and repeatability level. However, it is still sufficient to create small features such as letters and graphs with sizes less than 1cm. A new design is created after evaluating this prototype with features of calibration and ease of assembling. This will certainly help to achieve the desired characteristics with the same amount of budget.

IV. FUTURE SCOPE

The future studies heavily on the free energy sources. In order to cut cost, a equipment must be designed and fabricated under Fig. 4: Pressure generating shock absorb manageable cost. This requires creating the hardware, making Framing, in construction, is the fitting together of pieces to the concept, designing of sources, writing the interpolation give a structure support and shape. Framing materials are program, and creating the schematic for frame been created. usually wood, engineered wood, or structural steel.But in this Another thing that can be done in the future is optimization of case material used is ms(mild steel). the fabrication process for mass production. The components Use of minimal structural material allows to enclose high of the machine should be machined using the cheapest strength with minimal cost, while achieving a wide variety of manufacturing process possible. The main frame should be architectural styles. better optimized for casting. Machine testing should be conducted in a more accurate manner with better equipment III. RESULTS & DISCUSSION and better methodology. Then the actual number of precision and repeatability can be determined. With the increasing demand for be maximum possible output from given energy source in automobile industry. our this project is very helpful in the market of automobile. Using this REFERENCES project we can generate power to use it as various tasks can 1) https://www.ruhanirabin.com/type-of-shock provide efficiency in manufacturing approaches and reduce absorbers/ capital cost, which is beneficial for economical factors. In this 2) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_absorber thesis, a pressure generating shock absorber is designed and 3) www.monroe.com.au/what-are shocks/shock- analyzed under very limited budget of 13000INR. During the absorbers-explained.html structure design stage, various common structure frames are 4) https://www.ruhanirabin.com/type-of-shock- explored and analyzed. The most suitable structure frame, absorbers/ 5) www.mech4study.com/2015/09/types-of-shock- absorber-suspension-parts.html

Gulzar Group of Institutes, Ludhiana, Punjab-141401 (INDIA) 46th ISTE Annual National Convention & National Conference 2017 International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation (ISSN 2347 – 3258) 6) https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/types-of- shock-absorbers-for-automo/ 7) www.shox.com/blog/.../different-types-of-shocks- used-on-cars-trucks-and-suvs 8) https://www.showa1.com/en/product/automobile/shoc k_absorber.html 9) hubpages.com › Autos › Car Care & Maintenance 10) Books: - Kirpal Singh Automobile Engg. Vol I & Vol II

Gulzar Group of Institutes, Ludhiana, Punjab-141401 (INDIA)