Women S Studies 245 Women in International Development

Women’s Studies 245 – Women in International Development Some Important Historical Markers

Time General History Women’s History Period 1940-1949  1944 – Bretton Woods Institutions (IMF, IBRD) establ. –  1930s & 40s - Women participate in anti-colonial struggles NH  1945 – end of World War II [May 8; August 15]  1945 - Term “Cold War” coined by George Orwell  1945 – 26 Parliaments, 3% of members women  1945 – Yalta Conference – Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin  1946 – UN Commission on the Status of Women establ.  1947 – Independence of India  1947 – announcement of Marshall Plan [George C. Marshall at Harvard]  1948 – UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1950-1959  1950s - Development projects start  1950-1965 - Period of “high” development theory  1951 – Convention on the Political Rights of Women  1955 - Term “Third World” coined by Alfred Sauvy  1955 – 61 Parliaments, 7.5% of members women  1955 – Non-Aligned Movement establ. – Bandung, Indonesia  1957 on – Independence of Ghana & many African countries 1960-1969  1961-1970 - UN First Development Decade  1964 - UN Conference on Trade and Development  1963 – Betty Friedan publ. “The Feminine Mystique” (UNCTAD) estbl.  1965 – 94 Parliaments – 8.1% of members women  1964 – Group of 77 establ. After 1st UNCTAD Conference, Geneva  1966 – NOW founded by Betty Friedan & 27 others  1966 – International Covenant on Economic, Social, & Cultural Rights  1966 – International Covenant on Civil & Political Rights  1968 – Term “Green Revolution” coined by William Gadd (USAID) 1970-1979  1970 – Norman Borlaug wins Nobel Peace Prize for  1970 – Ester Boserup publ. “Women’s Role in Economic Green Revolution Development”  1972 – UN Conference on the Human Environment  1972 – Equal Rights Amendment passed by Congress & sent to (Stockholm) States for ratification*  1974 – Declaration of principles of the New  1975 – International Women’s Conference – Mexico City International Economic Order  1975 – 115 Parliaments, 10.9% of members women  1976-1985 - UN International Women’s Decade  1979 – Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women 1980-1989  1980 – International Women’s Conference – Copenhagen  1989 – Fall of the Berlin Wall, turning point in the “Cold  1985 – International Women’s Conference – Nairobi War”  1985 – 136 Parliaments, 12% of members women 1990-1999  1991 – Fall of the USSR  1992 – UN Conf. on Environment & Development (Earth Summit, Rio)  1993 - UN Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Violence  1993 – UN Human Rights Conference Against Women  1994 – International Conference on Population and Development  1995 – International Women’s Conference – Beijing  1995 – UN Social Summit  1995 – 176 Parliaments, 11.6% of members women  1996 – FAO World Food Summit  1997 – Framework Convention on Climate Change (Kyoto Protocol) 2000-2009   2004 – Wangari Maathai wins Nobel Peace Prize for Environmental Activism  2005 – 187 Parliaments, 18.7% of members women *The Equal Rights Amendment, first written by suffragist Alice Paul and proposed by the National Women’s Party in 1923, has been introduced in every session of Congress since 1923. After passing in 1972, it was ratified by only 35 of the necessary 38 States before lapsing by the extended deadline of June 30, 1982. [“Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State on account of sex”] Women got the vote in the USA in 1920, when the 19th Amendment to the US Constitution was ratified.