Proposal for Gef Funding

PROPOSAL FOR GEF FUNDING

National Capacity Needs Self-Assessment for Global Environmental Management (NCSA)

Country Name: Eritrea

Project Title: Eritrea National Capacity Needs Self-Assessment (NCSA)

GEF Implementing Agency: UNEP

GEF Operational Focal Point: Mr. Tekleab Mesghena, Director General, Department of Environment, Ministry of Land, Water and Environment. (Endorsement Letter at Annex 5)

National Executing Agency: Department of Environment, Ministry of Land, Water and Environment.

Country Eligibility: Eritrea is fully eligible for funding under paragraph 9(b) of the instrument and meets all other eligibility requirements for GEF assistance Convention Participation:

Convention Date of Ratification/Accession National Focal Point UNFCCC April 24, 1995, Mr. Tekleab Mesghena, Director General, Department of Environment, Ministry of Land, Water and Environment UNCBD March 21, 1996 Mr. Tekleab Mesghena, Director General, Department of Environment, Ministry of Land, Water and Environment UNCCD August 14, 1996 Mr Mebrahtu Iyassu, Director General, Department of Crop Production and Land Resources, Ministry of Agriculture

GEF focal area(s) : Biodiversity, Climate Change and Land Degradation (cross cutting)

GEF Financing requested: USD $ 198,000

Government Contribution: USD$ 20,000 (in-kind)

Estimated Total Budget: USD $ 218,000

Estimated Starting Date: January 2003

Duration: 18 months

1 ACRONYMS

CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CBO Community Based Organisation CCD Convention to Combat Desertification DoE Department of Environment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EINCC Eritrea’s Initial National Communication under the United Nations Framework on Climate Change (UNFCCC) GCM Global Climate Model GEF Global Environment Facility GHG Greenhouse Gases GoE Government of Eritrea I-PRSP Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Process MoA Ministry of Agriculture NAP National Action Program NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan NCSA National Capacity Needs Self-Assessment NDP National Project Director NCE National Council of Environment NEAPG National Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines and Procedures NEMP-E National Environmental Management Plan NGO Non Governmental Organisations NPC National Project Co-ordinator NSC National Steering Committee PRS Poverty Reduction Strategy SWC Soil and Water Conservation UNCCD United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

2 1. BACKGROUND, CONTEXT AND RELATED WORK

1. Background

1. Eritrea has rich and varied natural resources, resulting largely from the diverse range of climatic conditions, however the natural resources are very fragile, notably due to the aridity and low rainfall affecting much of the country. Land degradation and desertification are arguably the most serious and widespread environmental problems facing Eritrea. Historically, Eritrean farmers had a rich inventory of systems of soil and water conservation (SWC) that involved long-term communal maintenance of public works. Chronic warfare and socio-economic fragmentation have caused many of these to fall into abeyance, and although some small-scale management projects are attempting to reverse the trend, demographic increase and modernisation policies are exacerbating the situation.

2. Eritrea is situated principally in arid and semi-arid regions and the great majority of its rural populations depend entirely on precipitation and groundwater for crop and livestock production. As a consequence, even small changes in rainfall regimes can have major implications for food security and human health. Hence efforts are being made to ensure improved sustainability of natural resources, but increasing pressure from population growth and poverty has introduced major challenges.

3. Consequently the overriding objectives of the Government of Eritrea (GoE) are to ensure food security for the whole population and the alleviation or eradication of poverty. The estimated annual GDP is about USD 200 per person and an estimated 69 percent of citizens (not counting food aid), cannot produce sufficient food and other essential goods and services to live a healthy life1. The Government has emphasised on many occasions that the proper conservation and sustainable use of environmental resources is of paramount importance in achieving these objectives. Despite the devastation of the economy and natural environment caused by the thirty years of the liberation war and the recent Ethio- Eritrean conflict, GoE’s commitment to sustainable development remains strong. Eritrea has ratified the three most important UN environmental conventions, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Convention to Combat Desertification (CCD), thereby confirming its strong commitment to environmental issues.

4. Poverty reduction and economic development is addressed in the Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Process (I-PRSP), Transitional Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy, published in 2001. The PRS proposes a two-pronged approach:

Immediate period, 2001-2002. The Government is focussing on:

 Meeting immediate needs for emergency humanitarian assistance, reconstructing infrastructure, assisting displaced people,  Restoring, a stable macro-economic framework, and  Demobilizing and reintegrating combatants.

So far over 80% of displaced people have been assisted to return to their homes and resume their economic activities. In addition, major infrastructure reconstruction projects are underway.

1 World Bank Draft Report (1996) Poverty assessment:- Patterns of Poverty in Eritrea. Asmara: Draft unpublished document. 3 Medium-term period, 2003-2005. The Government will concentrate on:

 Developing new export markets  Rebuilding the port business,  Increasing agricultural productivity so that the sector can contribute a much greater portion to GDP, (currently only16%) commensurate with the high proportion of the population depending on agriculture (currently 60-80 percent).  Achieving macro-economic stability  Attracting private sector investment and privatising government owned enterprises,  Developing, a sound financial system.

The PRS recognises that environmental protection is necessary to achieve poverty reduction, and therefore sustainable human development, as environmental degradation disproportionately impacts on the poor.

Environmental Context

5. The Department of Environment, of the Ministry of Land, Water and Environment is responsible for implementation of the national environmental policies and programmes, as set out in the Macro-policy and Constitution of Eritrea, in collaboration with other relevant institutions. The main objective of Eritrea’s environmental policy is to harmonise sustainable economic growth and development with proper environmental protection and use.

6. In March 1999, the National Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines and Procedures (NEAPG) were adopted and are now being implemented. The guidelines lay out the general principles, approaches and instruments to fulfil the obligations required to maintain a safe and healthy environment and, through the application of its procedures, are intended to determine the potential negative environmental consequences of all development projects. Moreover, the NEAPG provide a tool for integrating environmental issues into a planning process. This will be supported by sectoral laws and codes regulating the management of land, water, flora, fauna and forestry resources when the Eritrean Environment Law (under review) is ratified.

7. The Department of Environment is the national body with the overall mandate for environmental protection, assisted by environmental inspectors in each of the six zobas, or regions. Given this broad mandate, it must work on joint issues with other ministries and in conjunction with other institutions, to provide training and advocacy. Table 1 shows the institutions potentially involved both in executing environmental protection and providing monitoring and training.

Table 1. Stakeholders in environmental protection Ministries Other Agriculture University of Asmara: Education Colleges of Agriculture and Aquatic Science, Energy and Mines Chemistry, Biology, Geography and Physics Finance CBOs/NGOs Fisheries Health Local Government with six Zonal Administrations Public Works Trade and Industry Transport and Communication

4 8. In the Eritrean context environmental management is shared among relevant government institutions. The Ministry of Land, Water and Environment in general and the Department of Environment (DoE) in particular, provide a forum of co-ordination at the national level and, through its regional offices (Zoba), at the zonal level. For example, environmental issues related to agricultural activities and the conservation of forestry and wildlife are under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Agriculture; conservation of marine and coastal biodiversity is the responsibility of the Ministry of Fisheries; and environmental issues related to land and marine transport are the responsibility of the Ministry of Transport and Communications. The DOE is thus responsible for drawing policies and strategies for harmonising and co-ordinating environmental management at the national level. Moreover, at the international level the DOE serves as the national contact institution for environmental international organisations, such as UNEP. Furthermore, the DOE is the National Focal Point for both the CBD and FCCC and the Operational Focal Point for GEF. The Ministry of Agriculture is the National Focal Point for the CCD.

9. Community based organisations/non-governmental institutions will have agreed responsibilities regarding land management, natural resource use and pollution control.

10. The Government of Eritrea gives high priority to proper conservation and use of the environment. This is reflected in the following documents;

a) Macro Policy (1994); b) Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS) (2001); c) National Environmental Management Plan (NEMP-E) (1995); d) National Action Program to Combat Desertification and Mitigate the Effects of Drought (NAP) (2001) e) National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSP) (2000).

11. The Eritrean Constitution of 1997, provides the basis for sustainable development. GoE has made considerable efforts to implement integrated programs and action plans at the national and zoba (regional) levels. Despite these measures, land degradation and declining biodiversity, including loss of habitat and deforestation, remain serious environmental concerns that threaten long-term sustainability of agricultural production, and may result in deteriorating food security.

Global Environment Context

12. The NCSA process is intended to respond to three international conventions ratified2 by Eritrea as well as to take into account further environmental COPs and other evolving issues such as biosafety. These conventions are;

 the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)  the Convention to Combat Desertification (CCD)  the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

13. Eritrea has responded to these conventions with its own action plans. These are;

 National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) (2000)  NAP for Eritrea to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought (2002)  Eritrea’s Initial National Communication on Climate Change (EINCC) (2001)

2 Eritrea was not present at UNCED in 1992 and thus acceded to, rather than ratified) the CBD and UNFCCC. 5 14. The process will also be complemented by on-going activities, such as the Development of the National Action Plan to combat land degradation (CCD/NAP). GoE will also be monitoring evolving issues such as;

 Rio+10 Commission  Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety

15. The Department of Environment, of the Ministry of Land, Water and Environment is the GEF Operational Focal Point. During the last four years, Eritrea has also implemented GEF-funded projects in biodiversity and climate change. The GoE believes that projects relating to global public goods must be integrated with the priorities identified in the national sustainable development and economic planning frameworks.

2. Environmental Programmes and Projects

The Eritrean National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan

16. The GoE acceded to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in September 1995. Eritrea has now put in place its National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP)3, adopted in July 2000. The NBSAP was formulated through the active participation of relevant stakeholders at three national and six regional workshops. There are capacity limitations in implementing the NBSAP but these are being overcome through multilateral and bilateral agreements. Under the biodiversity enabling activity project, the Department of Environment has compiled all available biodiversity information currently existing in the country in a “Biodiversity Stocktaking Assessment Report” as well as undertaking an economic assessment of biodiversity.

17. The overall goal of the Eritrean National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) is as follows:

“ The overall biodiversity of Eritrea restored, conserved and managed so that it provides environmental services and natural resources that contribute to sustainable and socially fair national economic developments”.

18. To assist the GoE to create an enabling environment to implement the NBSAP, a project for additional enabling activities has been initiated, with the World Bank as the GEF Implementing Agency.

19. The NBSAP lists a comprehensive set of actions to be taken in the area of biodiversity. It recognises three core areas: terrestrial, marine and agricultural biodiversity. Most actions are still ‘planned’ except in marine biodiversity where action is underway with GEF funding. A key theme is integrated planning: for wildlife to be effectively conserved, different ministries have to agree on a co-ordinated policy. The proposed National Council for Environment (NCE) will be an important step towards this goal.

20. To assist the GoE to create an enabling environment to implement the NBSAP, a project on Additional Funding for Biodiversity Enabling Activities has been initiated in 2002, with the World Bank as the GEF Implementing Agency.

3 DoE (2000). National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan: For Eritrea. Asmara: Francescana. 6 National Action Plan to Combat Desertification and Land Degradation

21. Eritrea ratified the Convention to Combat Desertification (CCD) in August 1996 and a National Action Plan (NAP4) has also been prepared which has identified national priorities in combating desertification. The protection of forests and vegetation cover from further depletion and the rehabilitation of degraded lands has been of major concern. A Forestry and Wildlife Law has been drafted and is waiting approval by the Government. Protection of woodland and wildlife has depended until now on ad hoc directives and decisions.

22. The objective of the NAP is: “to identify the factors contributing to desertification and practical measures necessary to combat it and / or mitigate the effects of drought”.

23. To create awareness on land degradation, workshops and seminars have been conducted over the past few years. A NAP was discussed at a National Forum in August 2001 and its draft conclusions and recommendations were published in January 2002. The report outlines the causes of desertification and prioritises proposed actions. Henceforth, a National Forum will be held every three years to review and assess progress achieved in implementing the recommendations. The ‘five pillars’ or the NAP are;

 Improving knowledge;  Empowering people and institutions;  Addressing the concerns of vulnerable groups (women and pastoralists);  Reducing poverty through income generation; and  Arresting land degradation and controlling desertification.

24. At a more concrete level, the NAP puts forward the following priorities for action;

 Exercising caution in expanding agriculture into dry woodlands and pasturelands;  Encouraging social forestry and fuelwood and fodder plantations;  Adopting moisture retention, groundwater conservation and water recycling measures;  Expanding fuel substitution programmes;  Creating a national database to monitor, assess and evaluate land degradation and to use this as input to an early warning system;  Mobilising civil society through participatory processes to increase awareness and shape policy.

National Communication on Climate Change

25. Eritrea is very vulnerable to climate change, due to its long and economically important coastline and its dry climate. Low levels of industrialisation, vehicle use and human population suggest that Eritrea is not a significant contributor to greenhouse gases (GHG). Nonetheless, Eritrea is vulnerable to changes in the climate particularly in terms of precipitation and agricultural/forest productivity. Eritrea formally joined global efforts to mitigate climate change when it acceded to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on 25 March 1995. The DoE has issued the Eritrean Initial National Communication (EINCC) under the UNFCCC. The findings of the current climate change studies are expected to be a major source of input for formulating a national action plan for climate change-related issues in Eritrea. Although the environmental policies and measures constituted thus far have not specifically addressed climate change as such, these policies touch upon its consequences.

4 MoA (2002). The National Action Programme for Eritrea to Combat Desertification and Mitigate the Effects of Drought. Asmara: Draft unpublished document, MoA. 7 26. The Department of Environment (DoE) received GEF assistance to prepare its initial National Communication and conducted climate change enabling activities. A national inventory of greenhouse gases (GHG) has been completed in accordance with the IPCC guidelines and vulnerability assessment studies and a general description of available or envisaged adaptation options has been studied on Agriculture, Forestry, Coastal Zones, Water Resources and Human Health5. Since Eritrea is classified as a non-Annex I country, it currently has no obligations for GHG reduction. Eritrea is not member of the Montreal Protocol but initiative has been taken by the Ministry of Land, Water and Environment to accede to the Montreal Protocol with respect to ozone depleting substances (ODS).

27. The GoE’s principal objectives are;

 To ensure that economic development does not significantly increase GHG production  To monitor the impact of climate change on natural resources to enable a more effective predictive framework to be established, in the light of likely impacts on biodiversity, health and food security

28. The key points for action suggested by the EINCC are;

 Conducting and updating the inventory of GHG  Monitoring biomass energy consumption  Identifying and encouraging policy measures for alternative energy sources  Encouraging afforestation  Vulnerability assessment and adaptive strategies will be developed based on socio-economic surveys.  Using outputs from GCMs to predict vulnerability and put in place disaster-preparedness strategies

29. The NBSAP, NAP and EINCC set out priority actions and requirements to implement the respective conventions. Many of the action plans on climate change interlock with those proposed for land degradation. Despite the goodwill the capacity to execute long-term monitoring procedures remains extremely weak. One of the main contributing factors to this failure is the lack of finance in addition to lack of integration into national development and environment mechanisms and processes.

Biosafety

30. Eritrea has yet to ratify the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, but a national consultation process has been initiated to discuss biosafety issues. A workshop was held in May 2002 with the aim of developing the National Biosafety Framework and there are plans to submit a memorandum on biosafety to the GoE.

ODS Treaties

31. Eritrea is not member of the Montreal Protocol but initiative has been taken by the Ministry of Land, Water and Environment to write a memorandum for the government’s consideration to accede the Montreal Protocol, and something positive is expected in the near future.

5 DoE (2001). Eritrea’s initial communication under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change. Asmara: Draft unpublished document, DoE. 8 3. Capacity for Environmental Management

32. Issues of environmental capacity building needs were first articulated in the National Environment Management Plan (NEMP-E), adopted by the government in 1995. These were followed by the NBSAP, NAP and INC, which each include an initial analysis of capacity needs, identifying goals and objectives and analyse the gaps between current reality and the aspirations expressed in the goals and objectives. These studies reveal a long list of capacity needs, and the existing capacity, including institutional, financial, technical and human resources of relevant institutions involved in natural resource management and also in the provision of training for natural resource management remain weak. The following major constraints have been observed:

 No detailed capacity needs assessment have been undertaken;  An absence of effective local networking has meant that information-sharing both nationally and regionally remains weak  No process exists to set prioritisation targets in the area of environment.  Previous studies were undertaken sectorally, with little effort to determine synergies and overlaps across the three Conventions;

33. No institutional structure has been established to maintain progress and to upgrade levels of scientific knowledge among experts in different relevant institutions. Consequently there are serious limitations in adaptive planning capacities, infrastructure development, information gathering and management, analysis, and information dissemination.

34. The technical complexity inherent in issues relating to biodiversity, climate change and desertification and the need for a more integrated approach, requires strengthened national expertise, for effective protection and conservation measures and for Eritrea to meet its obligations under international conventions.

35. In addition there are fewer insights into the role of civil society organisations, as these are relatively few and inexperienced in the environmental arena in Eritrea. Nonetheless, both CBOs, local and international NGOs have a key role to play in developing capacity and providing the critical input necessary to keep environmental policy on track. This indicates that a substantial task lies ahead in creating awareness and institutionalising environment across all arms of government and in civil society.

36. Capacity needs in a number of cross-cutting areas have been identified as part of the PDF-A preparation stage of this NCSA proposal. An initial assessment across the thematic areas of biodiversity, climate change and land degradation has determined the following eight areas where capacity needs are crosscutting:

 Environmental education and awareness  Environmental policy, institutional and legal frameworks  Environmental Impact Assessment  Environmental management system  Biodiversity, conservation and management  Human resources development and institutional capacity building  Global-national-provincial linkages  Gender

Annex 1 contains further details.

9 II. OBJECTIVES AND LINKAGES TO ONGOING ACTIVITIES

Objectives

37. The objective of the NCSA project is to determine through a country-driven consultative process the priority needs, and a plan of action, for developing Eritrea’s capacity to meet its commitments to global environmental management. The project will focus on capacity related issues that are common across the conventions, by:

 Assessing the capacities needed across these thematic areas in a synergistic fashion;  Stakeholder analysis, determining the roles of stakeholders in the NCSA process;  Strengthening existing institutional mechanisms and developing networks. In addition the project aims to strengthen the dialogue, information exchange and co-operation amongst all stakeholders;  Development of a framework/mechanism for targeted and co-ordinated action, including requests for external funding assistance;  Linkage of country action with respect to capacity building to a broader national environmental management and action plan;  Development of a national implementation plan that will describe how Eritrea will address the priorities identified in the capacity assessment.

Links to ongoing activities

38. The NCSA process will build on the work of the NEMP-E, the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP), the National Action Plan to Combat Land Degradation (CCD/NAP); the project on Conservation and Management of Eritrea’s Marine, Coastal and Island Biodiversity, the First National Communication on Climate Change and Rio+10 Assessment process.

39. The proposed project will also actively explore developing links and synergies with the following projects:

 The NCSA process has also to be linked to the development of National Biosafety Frameworks. Although Eritrea has yet to ratify the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, a national consultation process has been initiated to discuss biosafety issues. A workshop was held in early 2002 with the aim of developing the National Biosafety Framework and there are plans to submit a memorandum on biosafety to the GoE.

 With the completion of the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, Eritrea is now implementing a new Enabling Activity Project to implement some of the needs identified in the NBSAP with the World Bank as the GEF Implementing Agency.

 There are plans to start working on a project proposal for GEF funding to prepare National Adaptation Program of Action (NAPA) to the adverse effects of climate change. UNDP has already been approached to assist to develop a project proposal and finally to prepare the NAPA. The preparation of NAPA is being implemented under the Least Developed Countries (LDS’s) Fund established under the UNFCCC.

 The government has already formulated its poverty reduction and economic development strategy for the period 2001-2005. It should be underlined that since poverty reduction and the achievement of food security are the overriding objectives of the government, it is necessary that the NCSA process be linked to serve this objective. The economic growth and poverty reduction strategy of the government has identified proper conservation and sustainable use of environmental resources as one of the main ingredients for achieving the objective. 10  A review of all capacity building issues which the COPs of the CCD, CBD and FCCC have made will also have to be taken into consideration namely:

 Assessment of the progress made and problems encountered in the implementation process of the NEMP-E,  Assessment of national policy, legislative and institutional framework and its implications for global environmental management in the context of land degradation, biodiversity and climate change.  Assessment of capacity needs to undertake education and training activities, including at levels of higher education, in the context of land degradation, biodiversity and climate change.  Assessment of capacity needs to undertake public awareness activities in the areas of land degradation, biodiversity and climate change.  Assessment of capacity needs in the area of information management, including capacities in early warning systems, capacities for the timely preparation of state of environment reports, capacities to exchange and share information at the national, regional and international levels.  Assessment of the linkages and interlinkages of ongoing projects and activities on biodiversity, land degradation and climate change.

11 III. MODALITIES OF IMPLEMENTATION - PROPOSED ACTIVITIES

40. The proposed project activities have been identified following a limited NCSA study undertaken as part of the consultation exercise during the proposal development, using PDF-A funds. The project activities will be implemented fully in line with the approach and principles set out by the GEF for National Capacity Self-Assessments6.

41. In order to implement project activities successfully, ensure sustainability of results, and ensure participation, the project will first establish a National Steering Committee (NSC). The NSC will then establish a co-ordination mechanism essential to guide the project. Following the development of initial thematic profiles, the NSC will engage all relevant stakeholders at country level to assure broad ownership of the project outputs. This will be followed by an agreed methodology for detailed thematic and crosscutting assessment studies that will be developed by work teams. Based on these assessments, objectives and priorities for capacity development will be identified. A synthesis report, with a strong focus on both crosscutting and synergistic issues will be used as a basis for preparing an implementation plan. After all stakeholders have reviewed the implementation plan, it will be submitted to the Eritrean Government for approval.

Step 1: Establishment of NCSA project management and a high-level co-ordination mechanism

42. To ensure high level co-ordination of the NCSA, process the Ministry of Land, Water and Environment will create a National Steering Committee (NSC) to oversee project implementation. The NSC will co- ordinate, guide and support project activities and outputs. It will be comprised of representatives from the Department of Environment, Department of Energy, College of Agriculture and Aquatic Sciences, and the Forest and Wildlife Department, to be sure of containing experts for the three conventions. The National Project Co-ordinator, UNEP, and representatives from other stakeholders including NGO’s will also participate. The NSC will be responsible for hiring the National Project Co-ordinator (NPC) as well as recruiting short-term experts on capacity building and the global environment. (ToR for the NPC are at Annex 2.3). There will be periodic involvement of the NSC for over 18 months. The activities will focus on overseeing project implementation as defined in section V whilst the outputs will be high level co-ordination, reporting on progress to the GoE and recommendations for the framework to continue.

43. Project management will be based at the Department of Environment, Ministry of Land, Water and Environment. The National Steering Committee will be responsible for ensuring that project co- ordination mechanisms are in place. Representation will be sought for project activities from all key Government agencies, organisations and corporations with aspects of environmental management in their mandates or whose mandates impact environmental management. This representation is at the level of directors and senior administration.

44. At the conclusion of the NCSA project, the Steering Committee will ensure the Eritrean government’s endorsement by reporting on progress achieved and making recommendations for a framework within which activities might be continued. (Further details are given below - Institutional Framework and Project Implementation and Draft Terms of References).

The National Council on Environment (NCE) is in the process of being established and once the draft law is approved the NCE will oversee the synchronisation and implementation of the national development and environment policies and will take over from the MWLE to play a major role in high level co-ordination of the project. In the meantime the MLWE will establish the NSC from relevant institutions to be chaired by the DoE. The NSC will meet once a month. ToR are at Annex 2.1

6 “ A Guide for Self Assessment of Capacity Needs for Global Environmental Management” 12 Step 2: Stakeholder Analysis and Establishing Project Linkages

45. A stakeholder analysis that identifies the ongoing related activities of all the relevant stakeholders will be undertaken and clear roles in the NCSA process proposed for each of the listed stakeholders. The concerned stakeholders will be invited to send representatives to participate in project activities. It is important to note that this stakeholder analysis will also cover the private sector and NGOs. The relevant stakeholders with their respective institutions and contact persons have been listed at Annex 4.

46. Links will be established with related ongoing projects in Eritrea and in the region to seek synergies in terms of joint activities, joint working groups, or complementary technical work. The National Project Co-ordinator will take the lead in this activity, with technical support from two consultants.

47. A senior international and one senior local consultant will be recruited and will be supported by two other local consultants. The senior local expert on capacity development will provide technical and substantive advice and support to all project activities. It is anticipated that this expert's input will be equivalent to approximately 3-4 months during the 15-18 month lifetime of the project. The Senior international consultant should be an expert on the global environment - preferably with a broad knowledge covering climate change, biodiversity and land degradation. S/he should specifically be familiar with global environmental resources in Eritrea, with the impact of Eritrean socio-economic activities on the global environment, and on the linkages between the local environment, sustainable development and the global environment. The respective ToR’s are enclosed at Annex 3. The National Co-ordinator and the two consultants will carry out the stakeholder analysis for one month, beginning during month four. The study includes description of activities of stakeholders, definition of role in NCSA and identification of relevant ongoing projects. The output of this study will be to identify the participation of stakeholders in activities, establish synergies with on-gong projects.

Step 3: Summarising existing information for Initial Thematic Assessments

48. The NPC, with the assistance of the consultants, will undertake a stocktaking and gap analysis of the capacity assessments already undertaken as part of the implementation of the three conventions and previous environmental projects.

49. The NPC and consultants will consult with the stakeholders directly responsible for the CBD [Ministries of Agriculture, Fisheries, Land, Water and Environment, Local Government, Energy and Mines, Tourism, Macropolicy, University of Asmara and CBOs/NGOs], the CCD [Ministries of Agriculture, Fisheries, Land, Water and Environment, Local Government, Energy and Mines, Macropolicy, University of Asmara and CBOs/NGOs], and the stakeholders responsible for the FCCC [Ministries of Agriculture, Fisheries, Land, Water and Environment, Local Government, Energy and Mines, Trade and Industry, Transport and Communication, Tourism, Macropolicy, University of Asmara and CBOs/NGOs]

50. The NPC and consultants will:  Review needs already identified in the documentation of the conventions, the NBSAP, NAP and First Communication reports  Provide an assessment of previous and on-going activities related to capacity building, outlining existing constraints and strengths in the relevant institutions; and  Provide a first description/inventory of potential activities related to capacity building needs in the different sectors.

13 51. The key outputs will be an initial thematic situation analysis for each sector that will serve as a basis for discussion at a first national workshop. The two senior consultants supported by junior consultants will carry out the Thematic Assessments and will create task forces from the technical committees. The assessment will take about two months and a review will be made of need assessment and capacity building constraints and strengths, in addition an inventory of potential activities will be carried out. The output will be a thematic situational analysis

Step 4: National Consultation Workshop

52. A 3 day workshop will be held with multi-stakeholder involvement, to introduce the project objectives and to get guidance and feedback from the participants. It should be noted that the project has already been introduced to some stakeholders through the proposal preparation process. The workshop will form the core working session of the assessment. The venue will be determined during project implementation, while a list of stakeholders will be prioritised to include those who will be particularly relevant for the NCSA process. Stakeholders will include governments, representatives of donors based in Eritrea, community organisations and representatives of private sector, academia and other stakeholders.

53. The objective of the workshop will be to further identify the constituent elements of capacity building for the NCSA process as well as to further promote a sense of national ownership over the NCSA process. The consultations will cover: - the global environment; - the relationship between the global environment and local development priorities; - progress on implementing the three global conventions; - the institutional framework, formal and informal, governmental and non-governmental; - capacity constraints; - the NCSA scope and work plan - possible methodologies for undertaking the capacity assessment. Eight crosscutting elements of capacity building have already been identified during the PDF-A process (see Annex 1) and it is proposed that during the workshop members of crosscutting work teams will be identified.

54. The main outputs of the workshop will be a report detailing the starting point of the process; detailed tasks assigned to the crosscutting work teams; national endorsement for the NSC; and the identification of resource persons who can participate in future activities.

14 55. A consultant experienced in individual and institutional capacity building issues, and with a thorough knowledge of the Eritrean experience of global environmental management, will facilitate the workshop. The facilitator will be supported by the National Project Co-ordinator and the focal points on biodiversity, climate change and land degradation, as well as technical support from the two short term consultants. The workshop will take place during the fifth month and will run for three days.

Step 5. Refinement of thematic profiles and in depth analyses of priority areas

56. The NSC and NPC will use the results of the national workshop to conduct direct follow up interviews with institutions and individuals who attended the national workshop, as well as with new stakeholders identified as part of the process. This research will feed into the thematic profiles and continue the identification of cross-cutting issues.

57. A key task in the refinement of the profiles will be to assess thematic issues in terms of the national priorities identified in the Poverty reduction and economic development as addressed in the I-PRSP, Transitional Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy, published in 2001. The NSC will play a key role here. In addition the NPC and consultants will undertake research in three locations throughout Eritrea in order to validate the findings of the thematic working groups and ensure local participatory input.

58. Based on these studies priority capacity constraints will be selected for in-depth analysis. The National Steering Committee will recommend to the National Project Co-ordinator the optimal methodology for undertaking the in-depth assessment. The assessment will be carried out using questionnaires, or interviews, or field visits, or roundtable discussions, or a combination of all four. Constraints will be categorised as being at either the system, institutional or individual level. This process should also start to reveal the path towards removing capacity constraints. A consultant experienced in capacity assessments and knowledgeable on the global environment will facilitate this activity. The consultant will be supported by the National Project Co-ordinator. The refinement of the thematic profiles will take four months, starting during the sixth month.

Step 6: Undertaking cross-cutting assessments and identifying synergies

59. Following the national workshop eight crosscutting assessment work teams will have been established. Work teams will consist of approximately 6 participants representing various government Ministries, NGOs and academia. The expert on capacity development and process methodology will support and facilitate the eight crosscutting work teams, reporting to the National Project Co-ordinator (NPC). The study will take four months starting during the first sixth months of the project and will be conducted through a series of workshop consultations. The teams will further develop the ideas initiated during the PDF-A process. The output will be 8 crosscutting reports and a Key Options paper which summarises them.

15 60. An essential component of the NCSA process is a review of the systemic capacity constraints and the identification of opportunities for synergistic capacity building for global environmental management. It is hoped that the assessment will help resolve many of the systemic constraints within Eritrea that need to be addressed. Identification of synergies will be accomplished through a series of workshops attended by members of crosscutting assessment working teams with additional expert consultation as necessary. It is also proposed that the NSC will work in collaboration with UNEP to review the current process of environmental management in Eritrea and identify potential synergies using the revised thematic profiles. At the same time an evaluation of the opportunities for harmonised implementation of the conventions, taking account of their linkages and commonalties, is needed to identify more cost-effective capacity building activities in Eritrea.

Step 7: Preparation of an Integrated Report and Draft Strategy and Action Plan

61. The NPC with support of the consultants will produce an integrated report, which synthesises findings and recommendations from the eight crosscutting work teams, the thematic assessments and the identification of synergies. The draft integrated report will be circulated to stakeholders for comment in preparation for review in a national workshop. The integrated report will specify an initial strategy, identifying priorities and general responsibilities and a time frame. Where possible, this will be developed into an action plan, with more details of the necessary activities, responsibilities and types or sources of financing. The writing of the integrated report will take about two months starting during month eleven. The output will be the Draft Strategy and Action plan.

Step 8: National Consensus Building Workshop

62. This 2 day broad consultation will be a validation and dissemination exercise, where the participants will discuss the draft action plan. A transparent priority setting exercise will be designed whereby simple criteria will be devised against which the opportunities that have been identified can be evaluated. A panel of experts will be present to help resolve any technical issues or queries.

63. The workshop will cover:  Presentation by the project team;  Presentation by the Convention Focal Points;  Presentation by stakeholders at various levels;  Discussion and debate.

64. It is intended that the process of the National Consensus Building Workshop should also mobilise individual agreements and capacity strengthening measures between the Eritrean institutions and appropriate donors or international agencies. The workshop will take place during the thirteenth month and will last two days. The output of the consensus building workshop will be an action plan that prioritises needs and is fully costed for endorsement by the Eritrean government.

16 Step 9. Finalising and launching of Action Plan

65. Following the national consultation the NSC will undertake the task of finalising and presenting the NCSA Action Plan to the government for formal endorsement, as it is essential that national allocation as well as donor funded support is provided. The NCSA Action Plan will comprise a series of realistic, costed options for improving global environmental management within each thematic area and across them, with synergistic cost-cutting options presented. The action plan will also include background details on human resource capacity strengthening needs, supported by appropriate information needs, tools and infrastructure. The Action Plan will be launched with high level representation from government institutions and other stakeholders who will be particularly relevant for the NCSA process, and will include private sector partners and NGOs. The NPD, with general support from Ministry of Land, Water and Environment and NSC, will take the lead in this activity.

Step 10. Monitoring and Evaluation

66. Monitoring activities will be undertaken throughout the 18 months of the project and include regular reporting on the development of project activities and achieved outcomes. Meetings of the NSC to discuss project progress will be held periodically. The NSC will develop mechanisms, with expert consultation as necessary, to assess the effectiveness of the plans and programmes over time, so that they can be adjusted or amended as necessary. Project progress and results will continue to be discussed at workshops, with the participation of the national experts, NGOs and other stakeholders, after the NCSA project has been completed. The NSC and NPC will monitor and evaluate up to the end of the project. The duties will include regular reporting on project activities and carrying out periodic meetings. The MLWE will continue to monitor implementation after completion of GEF funding.

17 IV. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK AND PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

67. The role of National Project Co-ordinator will be to keep the NCSA process moving forward by organising stakeholder workshops, co-ordinating the thematic working groups, contracting consultants, ensuring communication between participants through the timely circulation of documents and provision of information, and monitoring component outputs. The National Steering Committee will provide overall policy guidance and political support to the process, reviewing project progress with respect to objectives, strategies and work plans, and approving the budget to ensure that project resources are utilised as appropriate. An important task will be quality control of the different components as it is essential that the NCSA process identifies new insights and expands the knowledge base. Achievements of the process will be documented in reports to UNEP in line with normal contractual requirements.

68. The Ministry of Land, Water and Environment will execute the project and be responsible for the planning and overall management, reporting, accounting, monitoring and evaluation of the project, for the supervision of the NSC and for the management and audit of GEF resources. The executing agency will appoint a National Project Director (NPD) for this task. In order to implement the project objectives successfully, a project team with project staff will be established, which will be managed by a full time National Project Co-ordinator (NPC). The NPC will manage the project on a day-to-day basis and be accountable to the executing agency for the planning, management, quality, timeliness and effectiveness of the activities carried out, as well as for the use of funds. The NPC will ensure the regular monitoring and feedback from activities already under implementation.

18 V. ACTIVITY WORKPLAN FOR NCSA

No. Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1 Establish NSC and initiate high level co-ordination mechanism 2 Stakeholder Analyses 3. Preparation of thematic profiles: biodiversity, climate change & desertification 4. National consultation workshop: - Reviewing profiles - National endorsement; - Establishing parameters 5. Refinement of thematic profiles & analyses of priorities 6. Identifying synergies and undertaking Cross- cutting assessments: - Education & Awareness - Environmental policy and legal frameworks - Environmental Impact Assessment - Environmental Information Management System - Biodiversity Conservation & Management - Human & Institutional Development - Global, National and Local Linkages - Gender 7. Preparation of an integrated report

8. National Consensus Building Workshop: - Prioritising needs - Informing donors - Draft Action Plan 9. Finalising and dissemination of NCSA Action Plan 10. Monitoring and Evaluation

1 VI BUDGET

Activity Stocktaking PROCESS: PRODUCT : TOTAL (Assessments, Assessment reports/ (US$) Consultations, strategy and action Workshops, etc) plan Thematic Assessments  Biodiversity 8500 11000 1300 20800  Climate Change 8500 11000 1300 20800  Land Degradation 9000 11000 1400 21400

Thematic assessments sub-total 26000 33000 4000 63000 Analysis of cross-cutting issues 0 55000 8000 63000 and synergies NCSA action plan development 0 30000 6000 36000 Co-ordination, management, 0 34000 2000 36000 monitoring and evaluation 26000 152000 20000 198000 Total

2 ANNEX 1

Cross - Cutting Issues for Global Environmental Management in Eritrea

An analysis of the thematic assessments identified eight specific crosscutting areas where capacity needs across all three conventions are similar and where further in-depth analysis is required. These are presented below:

1 Environmental Education and Awareness

The long-term objective for this program area is to facilitate the emergence of an informed public, knowledgeable of and committed to the furtherance of sound environmental practices in the context of broad-based social and economic development. At present, public information is limited by;

 an absence of authoritative and accessible scientific guides to the issues  an absence of regular and skilled media presentations, notably by radio on environmental issues  an absence of appropriate curriculum material based on the local situation for schools and universities  a weak or non-existent civil society sector concerned with environmental issues  an absence of links to international bodies with concerns in this area

Action Plans:

 Introduce environmental curriculum in schools.  Development of a series of accessible handbooks making available high-quality scientific information on biodiversity  Translation of key information into selected national languages for use in media presentations and curriculum development  Campaigns of awareness, both in rural areas and among urban groups of the significance of biodiversity using radio and media.

2 Environmental Policy, Institutional and Legal Frameworks

Although Eritrea has adopted a number of laws in support of sustainable development, certain gaps remain;

 Protection of the Environment  Water Management  Forestry and Wildlife.

These laws are still in draft and need to be harmonized with other sectoral legislation. Agreement around critical issues such as the authority and procedures for the establishment and management of protected areas will be required. In the light of forest encroachment and locally rapid degradation, a ‘fast-track’ procedure needs to be instituted to ensure, for example, rapid gazetting of Protected Areas.

In view of potential policy conflicts, such as between high-output farming and agrobiodiversity conservation, a powerful inter-institutional committee will have to be established to set priorities. Its authority will have to be adequate to over-rule policies of individual ministries. Such a committee should include representatives from civil society bodies.

3 Action Plans:

 Identify the gaps in legislation  Formulate enabling environmental rules and regulations and enforce them.  Strengthen DOE enforcement capacity of existing legislation  Harmonise existing environmental legislation with other sectoral legislation

3 Environmental Impact Assessment

The use of EIAs is still barely developed in Eritrea. The primary objective will be to extend the capacity and use of the EIA procedures and guidelines as both a planning and a regulatory tool among relevant ministries, local governments, and the private sector.

Action Plans:

 Strengthen National Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines and Procedures (NEAPG).  Companies to be encouraged to use EIA.

4 Environmental Information Management System

The primary objective is to develop the scientific and technical capacity required to provide a more complete assessment of the dynamic state of the Eritrean environment and to monitor key environmental parameters by the establishment of an EIS network in Eritrea with regional and global linkages.

Action Plans:

 Create a national database to monitor, assess and evaluate land degradation and to use this as input to an early warning system  The UNEP financed comprehensive EIS study for Eritrea, which was presented in 1997, will be used, as a basis for carrying out any further assessment.  Construct a comprehensive information and monitoring system, integrated with early warning  Integration with regional and international networks  Train scientists, technicians and policy-makers to manage a sustainable monitoring and responsive system.

5 Biodiversity Conservation and Management

The central objective is to facilitate and direct the planned expansion of production systems and the resettlement of populations in an environmentally sustainable manner, while conserving and protecting critical biodiversity resources. This will be achieved through integrated initiatives in land use planning, water resource management, applied research on the effective use and conservation of agricultural biodiversity resources, and the identification and protection of biological resources through the establishment of resource-specific management plans and a graduated protected areas system.

Action Plans:

 Develop taxonomic skills and survey capacity, together with national information database  Develop a series of accessible handbooks making available high-quality scientific information on biodiversity  Survey trade in prohibited animals and plants and development of effective control measures  Form linkages with local and international NGOs. 4  Develop legislation and relevant institutions for increasing biodiversity representation  Creation of ex-situ conservation institutions (Botanic Gardens, Zoo with conservation facilities, Herbarium, Natural History Museum, Aquarium).  Assessing capacity needs within and across the thematic areas, using the ecosystem approach for greater integration and improved understanding;  Run campaigns of awareness, both in rural areas and among urban groups of the significance of biodiversity  Develop effective pollution legislation together with the means of control.

6 Human Resources Development and Institutional Capacity Building

The objective is to rapidly increase staff opportunities for exposure, education and experience in relevant areas of environmental management, regulatory policy and practice, environmental impact assessment methods, information collection and management, and State of the Environment Reporting. At the same time, institutional memory capacity will ensure the retention of key insights and documentation. To ensure all stakeholders participate in the co-ordination and management of sustainable development, the roles and mandates of all the stakeholders must be clearly articulated. This implies the establishment of key committees with mandates for prioritisation.

Action Plans:

 Assess the Human Resources Capacity and training needs analyses.  Train key personnel on biodiversity and impact assessment at certificate level at Asmara University.

7 Global - National - Provincial - Local linkages

Eritrea has been effective in developing NAPs based on its obligations following ratification of international conventions. GoE is undertaking an extensive programme of decentralisation to zoba level. Effective processes must be established for co-ordination between the national and provincial on environmental issues, which are not defined by administrative boundaries. At the same time, the active participation of the local communities is essential to sustainable environmental management. Village level committees should be empowered to co-ordinate and integrate development plans and programmes by mobilising and establishing co-operative self-help projects and programmes.

Action Plans:

 Improving knowledge of rural communities  Empower people and institutions  Address the concerns of vulnerable groups (women and pastoralists)  Reduce poverty through income generation  Arrest land degradation and control desertification  Encourage social forestry and fuelwood and fodder plantations  Expand fuel substitution programmes  Mobilise civil society through participatory processes to increase awareness and shape policy.

5 8 Gender

As key providers in the household, women are preferentially affected by soil erosion, declining yields and decreased food security. Eritrea has typically advanced legislation in respect of women’s rights and powerful and cohesive women’s associations. It is recognised that women are key stakeholders in all processes of environmental awareness, as they transmit value-systems to the upcoming generations. A particular focus will therefore be on awareness and training in relation to women’s associations and in the production of gender-sensitive educational materials.

Action Plans:

 Empower women through awareness creation and training  Address the concerns of vulnerable women.  Introduce gender-sensitive educational materials.

6 ANNEX 2

Draft Terms of Reference for: the National Council of Environment (NCE), National Steering Committee (NSC) and the National Project Co-ordinator (NPC).

2.1 Draft Terms of References for forthcoming National Council of Environment (NCE)

The National Council of Environment (NCE) in addition to other duties given to it by the National Government, will:

 Establish the National Steering Committee (NSC);  Appoint a National Project Co-ordinator (NPC), taking into account the sustainability of national capacity activities on completion of the National Project;  Provide the necessary scientific, technical, financial and administrative support to the work of the NSC, working in close co-operation with relevant government agencies, the scientific community and the public and private sectors;

(Until the NCE is established these tasks will be undertaken by the MWLE)

2.2 Draft Terms of References for the National Steering Committee (NSC)

The National Steering Committee (NSC) will work together as a team on management of the National Project and meet at least once a month with the following duties:

 Develop a common understanding of what is needed to expedite the preparation of a National Capacity Needs Self-Assessment;  Oversee the preparation of the National Capacity Needs Self-Assessment;  Review all documentation deriving from the National Project and any other relevant documentation to ensure that these are in accordance with National Government.  Approve the detailed work plan and budget produced by the NPC;  Mobilize necessary expertise, as needed for the proper execution of the National Project outputs;  Provide overall policy advice on the implementation of the National Project;  Ensure that information on the implementation of the National Project as well as the National Project outputs is brought to the attention of local and national authorities follow up;  Assist in mobilising available data and ensure a constant information flow between all concerned parties;  Allow for effective communication and decision-making between the National Project Co-ordinator and other sectors;  Ensure that the environmental policy of the Government is fully reflected in the National Project documentation;  Review and approve the NCSA outputs.

7 2.3 Draft Terms of Reference for the National Project Co-ordinator (NPC)

The National Project Co-ordinator (NPC) will carry out the following tasks:  The National Project Co-ordinator (NPC) will act as the secretary of the NSC.  Co-ordinate, manage and monitor the implementation of the National Capacity Needs Self-Assessment Project conducted by the local experts, consultants, sub-contractors and co-operating partners;  Organise National Steering Committee meetings;  Ensure effective communication with the relevant authorities, institutions and government departments in close collaboration with the National Steering Committee;  Foster, establish and maintain links with other related national and international programmes and National Projects;  Prepare and oversee the development of Terms of Reference for consultants and experts;  Organise, contract and manage the consultants and experts, and supervise their performance;  Organise local training programmes as needed, and actively participate in these programmes;  Co-ordinate and oversee the preparation of the outputs of the NCSA;  Manage the Project finance, oversee overall resource allocation and where relevant submit proposals for budget revisions with the help of the UNEP/GEF fund management officer and project task manager;  Co-ordinate the work of all stakeholders under the guidance of the NCE and the NSC and in consultation with the UNEP/GEF office;  Ensure that information is available to the NSC about all Government, private and public sector activities, which impact on capacity development;  Prepare and submit to UNEP/GEF and the NSC, regular progress and financial reports.  Ensure that regular reports and requests are submitted to UNEP;

Qualifications:

This is a key position to ensure project success. This position should be filled by an individual with the following skills/experience:

 Post-graduate in a field related to environmental management, development management or capacity development;  Long and demonstrated experience in implementing projects and programmes focussing on the environment;  Demonstrated experience working with international partners and on internationally supported projects;  Demonstrated project management skills, such as:  Ability to foster and maintain an appropriate and timely involvement by all concerned stakeholders;  Ability to design and supervise inputs and activities, such as workshops, surveys, for example through the preparation of work plans and ToRs etc;  Demonstrated ability to prepare progress reports, financial request;  Familiarity with concerned committees, ministries, agencies, NGOS, officials and experts;  Excellent analytical skills, and drafting skills in English. Working knowledge of local language would be an asset.

8 ANNEX 3 Draft Terms of Reference for International Consultant

Background

The Global Environmental Facility (GEF) is supporting the Government of Eritrea to undertake a National Capacity Self Assessment (NCSA). The objective of the NCSA project is to determine the priority needs, and a plan of action for developing Eritrea's capacity to meet its commitments to global environmental management.

The project will focus on capacity related issues that are common across the conventions, assessing the capacities needed to address these in a synergistic fashion, including needs associated with strengthening institutional mechanisms and developing networks. The main outputs will include a series of thematic assessments, a detailed assessment of cross-cutting priorities and a national implementation plan that will describe how Eritrea will address the priorities identified in the capacity assessment.

The Ministry of Land, Water and Environment will be the executing agency for the project. A Project Team consisting of a National Project Co-ordinator and Project Assistant will be established to implement project objectives. They will be responsible for managing the project on a day to day basis as well as ensuring that the activities are implemented according to the Modalities of Project Implementation.

Under direct supervision of the National Project Co-ordinator and in close consultation with the National Steering Committee, the International Consultant will assist in the preparation of the Work Teams for the cross-cutting capacity assessments by guiding work and providing technical advice. More specifically:

 Brief the Project Team and the National Steering Committee on capacity development approaches.  Assist in the identification of national consultants and institutions that can provide services to the work teams.  Support the National Project Co-ordinator in the preparation and facilitation of launching workshops for the 8 task forces. This will include developing capacity assessment methodologies most suitable for Eritrea, finalising TOR for each task force, assisting in the preparation and deciding how results will be presented of workplans for each task force.

Outputs

 Workplans for each task force;  An integrated final report providing guidelines on capacity assessments in the context of managing the global environment in Eritrea.

Qualifications

Postgraduate qualification related to Natural Resources Management and Human Resource Development and no less than 10 years of experience. Demonstrated experience in capacity development initiatives, notably at the systemic and institutional levels, preferably in the region. Knowledge of capacity development issues and conversant with the three conventions of Biodiversity, Land Degradation and Climate Change. Good interpersonal, facilitation and training skills.

National Consultant on Capacity Development 9 A senior local expert on capacity development will be recruited to provide technical and substantive advice and support to all project activities. It is anticipated that this expert's input will be equivalent to approximately 3-4 months during the 12-15 month lifetime of the project.

The objective of this part-time position is to ensure that all project activities take place within the context of a full and thorough understanding of 'capacity' and 'capacity development'. A closely related objective is to help concerned parties in Eritrea operationalize this through understanding of capacity in their future capacity development initiatives. Moreover, where possible and appropriate, it is to help steer the project towards:  focusing on system level capacity needs;  focusing on capacity needs which apply to all three Conventions, or cut across the three Conventions;  an appreciation and exploitation of the holistic and dynamic nature of capacity development.

Tasks 1 . Review all related international documentation and prepare a short report discussing application in the Eritrean context; 2. Brief the Project Staff, the Project Steering Committee, and if possible the National Environmental Council on the approach of the project to capacity development and pertinent issues in Eritrea; 3. Technically support the National Project Director and the National Co-ordinator in all tasks, providing guidance and inputs related to capacity development. This will include reviewing and substantively commenting on the project work plan and TOR for all activities; 4. Assist in the identification of national experts and institutions that can provide services to the project; 5. Participate in all meetings and project events, facilitating and advising the discussions, and raising awareness and understanding of capacity development. This will include the national consultative workshops, and may include missions to field sites; 6. Provide informal introductory coaching for all project experts and project subcontractors; 7. Review all project outputs, and provide substantive comments, including drafting of additional sections related to capacity development. This will include contributing to the strategy and action plan prepared under the project; 8. Prepare a final report:  Making recommendations related to capacity and capacity development in the context of managing the global environment in Eritrea.  Providing guidelines on capacity development at the system and institutional level in Eritrea.

Qualifications

 Post-graduate qualification related to human resource development or organisational change or administrative reform or institutional change and management or overall societal learning;  Demonstrated experience in capacity development initiatives, notably at the systemic and institutional levels;  Knowledge of the experts and institutions involved in capacity development, at all three levels, in Eritrea;  Demonstrated experience supporting reform of (for example) governmental processes, governmental structures, inter-organisational relations or legislative processes.  Demonstrated experience working in international projects.  Fluent in English and good working knowledge of other languages would be an asset.

These TORs are to be elaborated by the National Co-ordinator and NSC during project implementation.

10 ANNEX 4 Key Resource Persons/Stakeholders

Name Position Institution 1. Ato Tekleab Mesghina Director General Department Of Environment Ministry Of Land, Water And Environment 2. Ato Teclemariam Berhane Department Of Environment Ministry Of Land, Water And Environment 3 Dr Naigzy Gebremedhin Director Carp 4 Ato Asmerom Mesfin Head Of Dept. Ministry Of Energy & Mines (Department Of Mines Control) 5 Ato Mebrahtu Ugbazghi Head of Ministry Of Energy & Mines Inspection Unit (Department Of Mines Control) 6 Dr. Semere Habtesion Ministry of Energy & Mines (Department of Energy) 7 Ato Kidanemariam Hagos Eritrean Emergency Reconstruction programme, Ministry of Finance 9 Eng. Ukbai Mesfun Director Ministry of Local Government (Department of Infrastructure). 10 Ms. Belaynesh Seyum National Union of Eritrean Women 11 Mr. Amanuel Negassi Head of dept. National Confederation of Eritrean Workers (Department of Research and Training). 12 Mr. Michael G/Kirstos Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare 13 Mr. G/Michael Hagos Director General Ministry of land, Water and Environment (Department of Water Resource) 14 Dr. Kifle Ghebru Ministry of Land Water and Environment, (Department of Land Resource) 15 Mr. Dawit Ministry of Land Water and Environment, (Department of Land Resource) 16 Mr. Goitom Ministry of Health (Environment and Health Unit) 17 Mr. Sengal Woldetensae Director Ministry of Industry (Division of Industrial Strategy and Control) 17 Mr. Yosief Admekom Programme UNDP officer 18 Mr. Bereket Berhe Head National Union of Eritrean Youth (Department of Human Resource Development) 19 Mr. Osman Idris National Union of Eritrean Youth (Department of Projects) 20 Mr. Estifanos Habte Director General Ministry of Transport and Communication (Department of Land Transport) 21 Mr. Asfaha Director General Ministry of Transport and Communication (Department of Marine Transport) 22 Mr. Simon G/her Ministry of Transport and Communication (Department of Marine Transport) 23 Mr. Asmerom/Gebrezgher Ministry of Transport and Communication (Department of Marine Transport) 24 Mr. Mengisteab Tekletsion Chairperson Federation of Employers Eritrea 25 Mr. Mesfun Mihreteab Ministry of Tourism (Department of Tourism Development) 26 Mr. Beyene Chamber of Commerce 27 Mr. Habteab T/tsion Director General Ministry of Public Works (Department of Infrastructure) 28 Eng. Kesete Sibhatu Chair person Association of Engineers and Architects 29 Dr. Woldeamlak Araya Head University of Asmara, programming office 30 Dr. Ukbagebriel Beraki Ass. Prof. University of Asmara (Department of Geography)

11 Name Position Institution 31 Dr. Gebrehiwet Medhanie Head of dept. University of Asmara (Department of Biology) 32 Dr. Tesfamichael Haile Head of dept. University of Asmara (Department of Chemistry) 33 Dr. Abdelkadir Dawd Dean of the University of Asmara College (College of Agriculture and Aquatic Sciences) 34 Dr. Weldeslassie Okbazgi Head of University of Asmara department (College of Agriculture and Aquatic Sciences) 35 Dr. Bisrat Ghebru Head of dept. University of Asmara Training, testing and consulting centre 36 Mr. Amenay Ministry of Education (Department of Curriculum) 37 Mr. Amanuel Tesfay Head Municipality of Asmara (Cleaning and Sanitation Unit) 38 Mr. Estifanos Bein Ministry of Agriculture (Forestry and Wildlife Department) 39 Mr. Hagos Yohannes Ministry of Agriculture (Forestry and Wildlife Department) 40 Mr. Yirgalem Taages Ministry of Agriculture, CCD unit 41 Ato Adiam Efrem Ministry of Fisheries 42 Ato Amanuel Yemanu “ 43 Ato Daniel Tesfay “ 44 Ato Amanuel G/Michael “ 45 Ato Izzedin Mohammed “ 46 Ato Salih Hassen “ 47 Ato Abdu Omer Ministry of Fisheries 48 Ato Essam Yassin “ 49 Ato Kahase Taddese “ 50 Ato Yohannes Teclemariam “ 51 Ato Mohammednur “ Mohammed

12 ANNEX 5: Letter of Endorsement