University of Belize

UNIVERSITY OF BELIZE FACULTY OF NURSING AND ALLIED HEALTH DEPARTMENT OF NURSING

PRACTICAL NURSING STUDENTS FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING - NURS. 104 A

COURSE OUTLINE

SEMESTER 1, 2008

INSTRUCTOR: I. BENNETT ______

OFFICE LOCATION: Iguana Building Room 3

OFFICE PHONE: 822-3680 Ext. 327

CONSULTATION TIME: Tuesday 9:50- 10:50 AM

CLASSROOM NO: SM U2

E-MAIL ADDRESS: [email protected]

DURATION OF COURSE: 16 weeks

CREDITS: 2 Theory: 3 Lab: 0

1 A. COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course reinforces theories needed for application of practical nursing with emphasis on skills useful in data gathering and analysis for the administration of quality care to clients and their families. Practical application of the knowledge obtained in this course is integrated and occurs in a simulated practice setting where students apply selected principles and skills.

B. PREREQUISITES None CO-REQUISITES None

C. METHOD OF INSTRUCTION

These will include lecture/discussion, presentations, assignments, role play and guest speakers. Presentations, written tests and a final exam will be used for evaluation.

D. COURSE OBJECTIVES

Upon successful completion of NURS 104 students will be able to: 1. Describe concepts relevant to this course. 2. Explain the health care environment. 3. Describe concept of critical thinking. 4. Describe the primary health concept. 5. Discuss the functions of a hospital. 6. Discuss the health services offered in Belize. 7. Describe major health and professional organizations in Belize. 8. Discuss professional standards of nursing practice. 9. Explain the steps of the nursing process. 10. Explain basic human needs. 11. Explain major theories of nursing. 12. Describe the process of communication.

COURSE CONTENT & SCOPE The following topics will be included in the framework of the course but are not intended as limits on content.

Unit I Relevant terms 1.0 Health 2.0 Illness 3.0 Wellness 4.0 Nursing process 5.0 Critical thinking 6.0 Confidentiality 7.0 Practical Nurse

2 Unit II Health Care Environment 2.0 Healthy people document 2.1 Modes of health and illness 2.2 Health-Illness Continuum Model 2.2.3 Health Belief Model 2.2.4 Health Promotion Model 2.2.5 Holistic Health Models 2.2 V variables Influencing Health Beliefs 2.2.1 Internal Variables 2.2.2 External Variables 2.3 Health Promotion, Wellness, and Illness Prevention 2.4 Risk Factors 2.4.1 Genetic and Physiological Factors 2.4.2 Age 2.4.3 Environment 2.4.4 Lifestyle 2.5 Impact of Illness on the Client and Family 2.5.1 Family 2.5.2 Behavioral and Emotional Changes 2.5.3 Impact on Body Image 2.5.4 Impact on Self-Concept 2.5.5 Impact on Family Roles 2.5.6 Impact on Family Dynamics

Unit III Critical thinking 3.1.0 Critical thinking defined. 3.1.1 Reflection 3.1.2 Language 3.1.3 Intuition 3.2 Critical Thinking Competencies 3.2.1 Scientific Method 3.2.2 Problem Solving 3.2.3 Decision Making 3.2.4 Diagnostic Reasoning and Inferences 3.2.5 Clinical Decision Making 3.2.6 Nursing Process as a competency 3.3 Thinking and Learning 3.4 Nursing Process Overview.

Unit IV Primary health care 4.0 Alma Ata Conference 4.1 Belize health policy 4.2 Health status of the Belizean people 4.3 Indicators of health 4.4 Relevant concepts: 4.4.1 Mortality 4.4.2 Morbidity 3 4.4.3 Life expectancy

Unit V Functions of a hospital. 5.0 Hospital as an institution 5.1 Functions of the Hospital 5.2 Functions of the Health services

Unit VI Health services offered in Belize. 6.0 Services offered at the public hospitals and polyclinics. 6.1 Services offered at the private hospitals.

Unit VII Major health and professional organizations 7.0 Red Cross Organization 7.1 PAHO 7.2 WHO 7.3 CFNI 7.4 BFLA 7.5 Cancer Society of Belize (CSB) 7.6 Regional Nursing Body (RNB) 7.7 Nurses Association of Belize (N.A.B) 7.8 Nurses and Midwives Council of Belize (NMCB) 7.9 Caribbean Nurses Organization (CNO) 7.10 International Council of Nurses (ICN)

Unit VIII Professional standards of nursing practice. 8.0 Historical Perspective of Nursing 8.1. 1 Local 8.1.2 Regional 8.1.3 International 8.1 Nursing as a profession 8.1.2 Professionalism 8.1.3 Education 8.1.4 Theory 8.1.5 Service 8.1.6 Autonomy 8.1.7 Code of Ethics 8.2Roles and Functions of the Practical Nurse 8.2.1 Functions 8.2.2 Career Roles 8.2.3 Health Care Team 8.2.4 Allied and other Health Care 8.2.5 Professionals

Unit IX Nursing Process. 9.0 Process of assessment 9.0.1 Organization of data gathering 4 9.0.2 Data collection 9.1 Types of Data 9.2 Sources of Data 9.2.1 Client 9.2.2 Family and Significant Others 9.2.3 Health Care Team Members 9.2.4 Medical Records 9.2.5 Other Records 9.2.6 Literature Review 9.2.7 Nurses Experience 9.3 Methods of Data Collection 9.3.1 Interview 9.3.2 Nursing Health History 9.3.3 Physical Examination 9.3.4 Diagnostic and Laboratory Data 9.4 Nursing Diagnosis 9.4.1 Definition of a nursing diagnosis 9.4.2 Diagnostic process 9.4.3 Analysis and Interpretation of data 9.4.4 Identification of client needs 9.4.5 Formulation of nursing diagnosis 9.5 Implementing Nursing Care 9.5.1 Types of nursing interventions 9.6 Implementation Process 9.6 Implementation Methods 9.7 Evaluation 9.7.1 Evaluation of goal achievement 9.7.2 Care plan revision and critical thinking

Unit X Theorists & their theories 11.0 Components of a theory 11.2 Definition 11.3 Assumptions 11.4 Types of theories 11.5 Abraham Maslow: Basic human needs 11.6 Dorothea Orem: Theory of Self Care Deficit 11.7 Emogene Watson’s Theory of Caring

Unit XI Communication 11.0 Definition 11.1 Forms of communication 11.2 Levels of communication 11.3 Elements of the communication process 11.4 Elements of professional communication

5 E. COURSE TOPICS, TIME, AND DATES

WEEK SESSION DAY/DATE TOPIC 1 1 Thursday 21.08 Discussion of Course Outline, Course Expectations 2 2 Tuesday 26.08 Relevant Terms 3 Thurs 28.08 Health Care Environment 3 4 Tuesday 2.09 Concept of Health – Illness Continuum conti 5 Thurs 4.09 Critical Thinking 4 6 Tuesday 9.09 Test 1 Thurs 11.09 ICN Patient Bill of Right, Characteristic of a Profession 5 7 Tuesday 16.09 Communication 8 Thurs 18.09 Communication 6 Tuesday 23.09 Primary Health Care - NHI 9 Thurs 25.09 Functions of a Hospital 7 10 Tuesday 30.09 Test 11 11 Thurs 2.10 The Health Care Team 8 12 Tuesday 7.10 Health Services Officered in Belize 1 13 Thurs 9.10 Health Services Offered in Belize 11 9 Tuesday 14.10 Major Health and Professional Organizations I 14 Thurs 16.10 Major Health and Professional Organizations II 10 15 Tuesday 21.10 Test 111 16 Thurs 23.10 Characteristics of a clean environment 11 17 Tuesday 28.10 Professional Standards in Nursing Practice 18 Thurs 30.10 Professional Standards in Nursing Practice 12 19 Tuesday 4.11 Overview of the Nursing Process I 20 Thurs 6.11 Steps of the Nursing Process II 13 21 Tuesday 11.11 Quiz I 22 Thurs 13.11 Evaluation of Care and Critical Thinking 14 23 Tuesday 18.11 Common Health Problems in Belize 24 Thurs 20.11 Common Health Problems in Belize 15 25 Tuesday 24.11 Theorists and their theories 1 26 Thurs 27.11 Theorists and their theories 11 16 27 Tues 2.12 Quiz II 28 Thurs 6.12 Revision

NB: This timetable is subject to change. Notice will be given in advance. Areas that will be omitted for practical demonstration include the genitalia and anus/rectum.

F. REQUIREMENT TEXTS & REFERENCES:

Kosier et al (2002). Fundamentals of Nursing (8th Edition) OR Perry, J., & Potter, P., (2001). Fundamentals of Nursing (5th Ed) St. Louis: Mosby Company.

6 References: www.icn.org

METHODS OF INSTRUCTION: Instruction may include, but not limited to the following: Lecture/Discussion Presentations Guest Speakers

G. REQUIRED SUPPLIES It is strongly recommended that students obtain the following: Stethoscope with a diaphragm and bell Watch with second hand Flash light (pocket size) Notebook Thermometer Pen & pencil

H. GRADING PLAN Test (3) 30 % Quizzes (2) 8 % Assignment (2) 12 % Presentation (2) 10 % Final Exam 40 %

Total 100 %

I. COURSE COMPONENT SPECIFICS & CLASSROOM POLICY 1. Attendance – Although the UB does not require you to attend every class and lab in order for you to be successful, you are accountable for your performance of all the tasks necessary to fulfill the objectives of this course. A part of that performance may occur in the classroom. Therefore your attendance in class and lab is necessary in order to meet the performance standard of the course. You are expected to attend no less than 80% (Students' Handbook) of the classes scheduled for the course. Students who are absent for any reason, assume the responsibility for all materials, assignments, and evaluations covered in their absence. Attendance is monitored and all absence will be documented in your record. This will reflect in any recommendation requested.

2. Punctuality – It is the mark of a true professional to be punctual at classes, appointments and placements. In extreme emergencies when students are late, they are expected to enter the classroom with minimal distractions. If the classroom has two entrances, they are asked to enter from the rear of the classroom, i.e. the opposite end from where the lecturer or presenter is.

3. Evaluation All tests/quizzes/assignments/presentations and other means of evaluation needs to be submitted/taken on the date/time that it is due. Written presentations/assignments will be collected on the day of presentation within the first fifteen minutes of class. Submissions after this time, if accepted will be considered late. Late assignments will not be accepted unless there is an extreme personal emergency.

7 Presentations/Assignments are to be done as scheduled. The written assignment that is late will be dealt with as follows:

1 day - 5 points deducted 2 days - 10 points deducted 3 days - 15 points deducted

After the third day, assignments will not be accepted. If assignments are submitted electronically then it is the student’s responsibility to confirm with the lecturer that the assignment had been received by the deadline. If it was not received then it will be deemed as not been submitted.

4. Testing

There are no make up for quizzes. The test-taking policy as outlined in student handbook will be adhered to for missed tests. Additionally during tests/quizzes the following needs to be adhered to

a. Your student ID number should be placed on your script. b. All backpacks/bags will be placed to the front of the classroom prior to getting your test/exam paper. c. No sharing of materials. d. All cell phones and other electronic devices (ipods, mp3) must not be seen or be in the immediate vicinity of test/quiz/exam papers. e. All cell phones must be turned off or it will be considered as an attempt to cheat. f. Students leaving the classroom during a test/quiz/exam or other evaluation without the express consent of the lecturer will be interpreted that the student has completed the test/quiz/exam and their papers will be collected. g. Students who enter an test/quiz/exam late will not be given any additional time to complete the exam

Students are expected to take all tests/quizzes. If a student misses any of these due to unforeseen circumstances, personal emergencies or death of an immediate family member, he/she must inform the lecturer either in person or via a representative or electronically (if the student is ill or unavailable) no later than the next meeting of the class. Arrangements will then be made for a follow-up exam or other appropriate means of evaluation. If a student misses a test without any excuse or without permission, he/she will automatically receive a grade zero (0) for the test.

5. Academic Integrity The very nature of higher education requires that students adhere to the accepted standards of academic integrity. The Code of Conduct for UB is found in the Student Handbook. Violations include cheating, plagiarism, etc. A student caught cheating will automatically receive a grade zero (0). Spot checks will be done on students’ paper before the test. Any student found guilty of “intent to cheat” will be dealt with as cheating. Any cases of repeated cheating will be dealt with according to the Student Handbook. Repeated cases of intent to cheat will be dealt with in similar manner.

6. Inclement Weather/Bomb Threat In the event that UB is officially closed or if class is cancelled, any scheduled test/exam will be given when the class meets at the next scheduled time period. Official campus closings will be announced on local radio and/or TV. 8 7. Cell Phones Students are expected to turn off all cell phones during classes, lab and at their placements. In cases of emergencies students may choose to place their phones on vibrate and respond to calls outside of the classroom/lab out of hearing distance to minimize distractions to the class.

J. CLASSROOM RULES OF CONDUCT  Students must make every effort to be on time for class sessions. Walking in late can be very distracting to other students and the instructor.  All cell phones must be turned off or on vibration during class sessions.  Students must not encourage visitors during class sessions.  No eating or drinking is allowed during lab sessions.  Students are expected to display professional behavior in the lab at all times.  Students must be ready for quizzes/tests on the dates specified. This means that all books and bags must be put away and the student ready for the quiz/test as soon as the instructor enters the classroom. Only items for the quiz/ test such as papers, pens, pencils should be on the desk. Any time lost in preparation for the quiz/test will be deducted from the time allotted to the quiz/ test. There should be no talking or borrowing during a quiz/test.  No eating during lab sessions. There will be at least one break during class therefore students are encouraged to utilize this break for eating and drinking.

K. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

In the case of any emergency, students are asked to adhere to the University’s policy.

YOUR U.B STUDENT HAND BOOK, STANDS AS YOUR OFFICIAL REFERENCE. igb/ July 2007